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111.
In this study, we aimed to detect the proportion of Candida dubliniensis among yeast strains previously identified as C. albicans by using several phenotypic methods and PCR.
For this purpose, we screened 300 strains by using phenotypic tests suggested for the identification of C. dubliniensis in the literature, but we detected high proportion of false-positive reactions. Only two strains (0.6%) were detected as
true C. dubliniensis by PCR and API ID 32C methods. Moreover, these two strains gave the expected results with all the phenotypic tests, including
modified salt tolerance test for C. dubliniensis.
In conclusion, none of the phenotypic methods, except for the modified salt tolerance test, revealed 100% successful results
in discrimination of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis species. However, in the tobacco agar test, the rate of false positivity was as low as 0.6%. We suggest that in the case
of absence of PCR and other automatized identification systems, these two phenotypic tests can be used in routine laboratories
to obtain a presumptive result. 相似文献
112.
JÉRÔME ORIVEL JULIEN GRANGIER JULIEN FOUCAUD JULIEN LE BRETON FRANÇOIS‐XAVIER ANDRÈS HERVÉ JOURDAN JACQUES H. C. DELABIE DENIS FOURNIER PHILIPPE CERDAN BENOIT FACON ARNAUD ESTOUP ALAIN DEJEAN 《Ecological Entomology》2009,34(4):504-512
Abstract 1. The biology of most invasive species in their native geographical areas remains largely unknown. Such studies are, however, crucial in shedding light on the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying biological invasions. 2. The present study focuses on the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata, a species native to Central and South America that has been widely introduced and which has become invasive throughout the tropics. We characterise and compare several ecological traits of native populations in French Guiana with those in one of its introduced ranges, New Caledonia. 3. We found ecologically heterogeneous populations of W. auropunctata coexisting in the species’ native geographical area. First, we found populations restricted to naturally perturbed areas (particularly floodplains) within the primary forest, and absent from the surrounding forest areas. These populations were characterised by low nest and worker densities. Second, we found dominant populations in recent anthropogenic areas (e.g. secondary forest or forest edge along road) characterised by high nest and worker densities, and associated with low ant species richness. The local dominance of W. auropunctata in such areas can be due to the displacement of other species (cause) or the filling‐up of empty habitats unsuitable to other ants (effect). With respect to their demographic features and ant species richness, the populations of native anthropogenic habitats were to a large extent similar to the invasive populations introduced into remote areas. 4. The results point to the need for greater research efforts to better understand the ecological and demographic features of invasive species within their native ranges. 相似文献
113.
The inhibitory effect of Cd on nitrification was investigated in a continuous-flow system with enriched nitrifying bacteria.
The maximum specific ammonium utilization rate and the half-saturation constant were found as 671 mg NH4–N/g VSS day and 0.48 mg/l, respectively. In the case of continuous Cd input at 1 and 2.5 mg/l, nitrification was inhibited
by 30% and 47%, respectively. Inhibition ranged from 20% to 40% and no further increase in inhibition was exhibited in new
runs except at 10 mg/l influent Cd. At 10 mg/l influent Cd, specific ammonium utilization and nitrate production rates were
inhibited by 90%. On the contrary, a serious nitrite accumulation was not observed during this period. When Cd feeding was
stopped, recovery from inhibition was observed after 37 day which was seen by the improvement in ammonium utilization and
nitrate production rates. A shift in microbial population from the initial Nitrosomonas sp. to the Cd-tolerant Nitrosospira sp. was observed in the recovery period from severe Cd inhibition. After the domination of Nitrosospira species, redosing at 10 mg/l and then at 15 mg/l did not affect the performance as before. 相似文献
114.
Ö. Şimşek A. H. Çon N. Akkoç P. E. J. Saris Mustafa Akçelik 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(4):481-490
Nisin production of three bioengineered strains, (LAC338, LAC339 and LAC340) with immunity (nisFEG) and/or regulation (nisRK) genes of nisin biosynthesis on plasmids in the Lactococcus lactis LL27 nisin producer, was evaluated under pH-controlled and pH-uncontrolled batch fermentations. Optimization studies showed
that fructose and yeast extract yielded the highest nisin activity. The strains LAC338, LAC339, and LAC340 produced 24, 45,
and 44% more nisin, respectively, than wild-type L. lactis LL27 after 12-h incubation. However, sharp decreases in the yield of nisin were observed at the late phase of fermentation
with LAC339 and LL27 in contrast to LAC340 and LAC338 strains for which the high level of nisin could be maintained longer.
Obviously, increasing the copy number of the regulation genes together with immunity genes in the nisin producers retarded
the loss of nisin in the late phase of the fermentation. 相似文献
115.
Salmonella Typhimurium contains 13 operons coding for fimbriae with unique binding specificities to host epithelial surfaces. stj operon is only detected in S. Typhimurium genome suggesting that Stj fimbria may effect serovarspecific virulence characteristics. In this study, the
role of stj fimbrial operon in the long-term persistence of S. Typhimurium was identified by competitive infection experiment in genetically resistant mouse (CBA) model system. Knock-out
mutation of stjA (major subunit of the Stj fimbria) gene reduced recovery of S. Typhimurium from fecal samples and its colonization to spleen, cecum and mesenteric lymph nodes over a 34-day time period
(p < 0.05). This data indicate that stj fimbrial operon has a role in long-term intestinal persistence of S. Typhimurium in CBA mice. 相似文献
116.
ALESSANDRA SELBACH‐SCHNADELBACH SUZANA SMITH CAVALLI JEAN‐FRANÇOIS MANEN GERALDO CENI COELHO TATIANA TEIXEIRA DE SOUZA‐CHIES 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2009,159(1):182-193
The aim of the present work was to clarify the origin and phylogenetic position of the species belonging to the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae), especially the South American species. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Ilex were investigated using the plastid psbA‐trnH intergenic spacer and parsimony and Bayesian analyses. The psbA‐trnH intergenic spacer was shown to evolve slowly within Ilex, but a major gap present in this region was useful in the phylogenetic study of the genus. To obtain more potentially parsimonious characters, atpB‐rbcL intergenic spacer data were combined with those for psbA‐trnH. Many gaps present in the psbA‐trnH region were useful in the phylogenetic study of the genus Ilex. The topology of the trees showed that, in general, the clades are strongly related to geographical areas, a fact especially evident in certain different Asian lineages. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159 , 182–193. 相似文献
117.
Tunahan Çakır Margriet M. W. B. Hendriks Johan A. Westerhuis Age K. Smilde 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2009,5(3):318-329
Reverse engineering of high-throughput omics data to infer underlying biological networks is one of the challenges in systems
biology. However, applications in the field of metabolomics are rather limited. We have focused on a systematic analysis of
metabolic network inference from in silico metabolome data based on statistical similarity measures. Three different data
types based on biological/environmental variability around steady state were analyzed to compare the relative information
content of the data types for inferring the network. Comparing the inference power of different similarity scores indicated
the clear superiority of conditioning or pruning based scores as they have the ability to eliminate indirect interactions.
We also show that a mathematical measure based on the Fisher information matrix gives clues on the information quality of
different data types to better represent the underlying metabolic network topology. Results on several datasets of increasing
complexity consistently show that metabolic variations observed at steady state, the simplest experimental analysis, are already
informative to reveal the connectivity of the underlying metabolic network with a low false-positive rate when proper similarity-score
approaches are employed. For experimental situations this implies that a single organism under slightly varying conditions
may already generate more than enough information to rightly infer networks. Detailed examination of the strengths of interactions
of the underlying metabolic networks demonstrates that the edges that cannot be captured by similarity scores mainly belong
to metabolites connected with weak interaction strength. 相似文献
118.
The ability of theRhizobium ciceri, to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was investigated. Tested carbon and nitrogen sources influced EPS synthesis whenR. ciceri Rc5 was grown in a chemically defined medium. Mannitol was the most efficient carbon source among the six sources tested (sucrose, glucose, arabinose, fructose, xylose and rhamnose) and sodium nitrate was the most efficient nitrogen source among the two tested (ammonium sulphate and glycine). High amounts of EPS (1182.0 and 1015 μg ml−1, respectively) were produced by the Rc5 strain in mannitol and sodium nitrate respectively, which was accompanied by a great increase in the production compared to the control. 相似文献
119.
Demet Çetin 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2009,18(3):345-353
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) film pieces were degraded by sulfate reducing Desulfotomaculum sp. incubated under anaerobic laboratory conditions. Degradation started with adherence of the microbial cells and followed by formation of black colonies on the film surface. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed the presence of bacteria and formation of small holes on the film. After 60 days of incubation at 30°C, 10 % weight loss in polymer and 13 % sulfate reduction in the medium was observed. According to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis, the molecular weight of the PHB decreased after 30 days and did not decrease further at a more extended incubation period. Loss of weight of PHB does not seem to be correlated with molecular weight decrease. 相似文献
120.
Zeynep Petek Çakar Professor 《Biotechnology journal》2009,4(7):992-1002
This review discusses metabolic engineering research with an emphasis on evolutionary (whole cell and protein) engineering, which is an inverse metabolic engineering approach. For each section on metabolic, inverse metabolic and evolutionary engineering research, a general review of the major global studies in the literature is made and research examples from Turkey are given and discussed. It is expected that with the rapid development in systems biology and the novel powerful analytical technologies to identify the genetic basis of cellular phenotypes, metabolic and evolutionary engineering research will become widespread and increasingly important in Turkey, following global scientific trends. 相似文献