全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3115篇 |
免费 | 132篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 86篇 |
2019年 | 96篇 |
2018年 | 115篇 |
2017年 | 102篇 |
2016年 | 144篇 |
2015年 | 215篇 |
2014年 | 204篇 |
2013年 | 232篇 |
2012年 | 261篇 |
2011年 | 241篇 |
2010年 | 158篇 |
2009年 | 126篇 |
2008年 | 189篇 |
2007年 | 158篇 |
2006年 | 152篇 |
2005年 | 122篇 |
2004年 | 137篇 |
2003年 | 105篇 |
2002年 | 77篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3247条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
51.
Fabiana Oliveira Bastos Bonato Marcelo Montebello Lemos José Luiz Cassiolato Maria Eugênia Fernandes Canziani 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Background and Objectives
Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients, and it occurs mostly due to ventricular arrhythmias. In this study, we aimed at investigating the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia and the factors associated with its occurrence in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients.Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements
This cross-sectional study evaluated 111 chronic kidney disease patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate 34.7±16.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, 57±11.4 years, 60% male, 24% diabetics). Ventricular arrhythmia was assessed by 24-hour electrocardiogram. Left ventricular hypertrophy (echocardiogram), 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and coronary artery calcification (multi-slice computed tomography) and laboratory parameters were also evaluated.Results
Ventricular arrhythmia was found in 35% of the patients. Non-controlled hypertension was observed in 21%, absence of systolic decency in 29%, left ventricular hypertrophy in 27%, systolic dysfunction in 10%, and coronary artery calcification in 49%. Patients with ventricular arrhythmia were older (p<0.001), predominantly men (p = 0.009), had higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.03) and hemoglobin (p = 0.005), and lower intact parathyroid hormone (p = 0.024) and triglycerides (p = 0.011) when compared to patients without ventricular arrhythmia. In addition, a higher left ventricular mass index (p = 0.002) and coronary calcium score (p = 0.002), and a lower ejection fraction (p = 0.001) were observed among patients with ventricular arrhythmia. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, aging, increased hemoglobin levels and reduced ejection fraction were independently related to the presence of ventricular arrhythmia.Conclusions
Ventricular arrhythmia is prevalent in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients. Age, hemoglobin levels and ejection fraction were the factors associated with ventricular arrhythmia in these patients. 相似文献52.
Human Hemorrhagic Pulmonary Leptospirosis: Pathological Findings and Pathophysiological Correlations
Thales De Brito Vera Demarchi Aiello Luis Fernando Ferraz da Silva Ana Maria Gon?alves da Silva Wellington Luiz Ferreira da Silva Jussara Bianchi Castelli Antonio Carlos Seguro 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Background
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis with protean clinical manifestations. Recently, the importance of pulmonary hemorrhage as a lethal complication of this disease has been recognized. In the present study, five human necropsies of leptospirosis (Weil‘s syndrome) with extensive pulmonary manifestations were analysed, and the antibodies expressed in blood vessels and cells involved in ion and water transport were used, seeking to better understand the pathophysiology of the lung injury associated with this disease.Principal Findings
Prominent vascular damage was present in the lung microcirculation, with decreased CD34 and preserved aquaporin 1 expression. At the periphery and even inside the extensive areas of edema and intraalveolar hemorrhage, enlarged, apparently hypertrophic type I pneumocytes (PI) were detected and interpreted as a non-specific attempt of clearence of the intraalveolar fluid, in which ionic transport, particularly of sodium, plays a predominant role, as suggested by the apparently increased ENaC and aquaporin 5 expression. Connexin 43 was present in most pneumocytes, and in the cytoplasm of the more preserved endothelial cells. The number of type II pneumocytes (PII) was slightly decreased when compared to normal lungs and those of patients with septicemia from other causes, a fact that may contribute to the progressively low PI count, resulting in deficient restoration after damage to the alveolar epithelial integrity and, consequently, a poor outcome of the pulmonary edema and hemorrhage.Conclusions
Pathogenesis of lung injury in human leptospirosis was discussed, and the possibility of primary non-inflammatory vascular damage was considered, so far of undefinite etiopathogenesis, as the initial pathological manifestation of the disease. 相似文献53.
Rodrigo R. de Oliveira Concei??o S. Martins Yuri R. Rocha Allysson B. R. Braga R?mulo M. Mattos Fábio Hecht Gerly A. C. Brito Luiz E. Nasciutti 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
This study aims to demonstrate how the state of chronic hyperglycemia from experimental Diabetes Mellitus can influence the homeostatic imbalance of tendons and, consequently, lead to the characteristics of tendinopathy. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control group, consisting of healthy rats and diabetic group constituted by rats induced to Diabetes Mellitus I. After twenty-four days of the induction of Diabetes type I, the Achilles tendon were removed for morphological evaluation, cellularity, number and cross-sectional area of blood vessel, immunohistochemistry for Collagen type I, VEGF and NF-κB nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and nitrate and nitrite level. The Achilles tendon thickness (µm/100g) of diabetic animals was significantly increased and, similarly, an increase was observed in the density of fibrocytes and mast cells in the tendons of the diabetic group. The average number of blood vessels per field, in peritendinous tissue, was statistically higher in the diabetic group 3.39 (2.98) vessels/field when compared to the control group 0.89 (1.68) vessels/field p = 0.001 and in the intratendinous region, it was observed that blood vessels were extremely rare in the control group 0.035 (0.18) vessels/field and were often present in the tendons of the diabetic group 0.89 (0.99) vessels/field. The immunohistochemistry analysis identified higher density of type 1 collagen and increased expression of VEGF as well as increased immunostaining for NFκB p50 NLS in the nucleus in Achilles tendon of the diabetic group when compared to the control group. Higher levels of nitrite/nitrate were observed in the experimental group induced to diabetes. We conclude that experimental DM induces notable structural, inflammatory and vascular changes in the Achilles tendon which are compatible with the process of chronic tendinopathy. 相似文献
54.
Luiz F. C. Tencatt Janice Muriel-Cunha Jansen Zuanon Marlon F. C. Ferreira Marcelo R. Britto 《Journal of fish biology》2020,97(4):1072-1086
Aspidoras azaghal n. sp. was discovered during a multitaxonomic scientific expedition to the remote Amazon Terra do Meio region in tributaries to the rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil. The new species can be promptly distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of features: (a) absence of the first dorsal-fin element; (b) parieto-supraoccipital fontanel located medially on bone; (c) absence of a longitudinal dark-brown or black stripe along flank midline; (d) ventral surface of trunk covered by clearly smaller, irregular and/or roundish platelets; (e) inner laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 well developed; (f) relatively wide frontal bone, with width equal to half of entire length; (g) absence of a thick, longitudinal conspicuous dark-brown stripe along dorsal portion of flank; and (h) poorly developed serrations on posterior margin of the pectoral-fin spine. Besides morphological evidence, the molecular analyses indicated significant differences between the new species and its congeners, with A. albater and A. raimundi as its closest species, showing 6.53% of genetic differentiation in both cases. The intraspecific molecular data revealed gene flow (peer fixation index, FST = 0.05249, P > 0.05, for the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) marker and FST = -0.01466, P > 0.05, for the control region) between specimens upstream and downstream from a 30-m height waterfall at the type-locality, which therefore represent a single population. Furthermore, it was possible to observe a unidirectional gene flow pattern, with genetic diversity increasing in the downstream direction. 相似文献
55.
Hudson T. Pinheiro Bruno C. L. Macena Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho Carlos E. L. Ferreira Fernanda V. Albuquerque Natalia P. A. Bezerra Alfredo Carvalho-Filho Romulo C. P. Ferreira Osmar J. Luiz Thayna J. Mello Sibele A. Mendonça Diogo M. Nunes Caio R. Pimentel Alessandra M. A. Pires Abilio Soares-Gomes Danielle L. Viana Fabio H. V. Hazin Luiz A. Rocha 《Journal of fish biology》2020,97(4):1143-1153
Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Archipelago (SPSPA), one of the smallest and most isolated island groups in the world, is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, between Brazil and the African continent. SPSPA has low species richness and high endemism; nonetheless, the diversity of fishes from deep habitats (>30 m depth) had not been previously studied in detail. Several expeditions conducted between 2009 and 2018 explored the shallow and deep reefs of SPSPA using scuba, closed-circuit rebreathers, manned submersibles, baited remote underwater stereo-videos (stereo-BRUV) and fishing between 0 and 1050 m depth. These expeditions yielded 41 new records of fishes for SPSPA: 9 in open waters, 9 in shallow waters (0–30 m), 8 in mesophotic ecosystems (30–150 m) and 15 in deeper reefs (>150 m). Combined with literature records of adult pelagic, shallow and deep-reef species, as well as larvae, the database of the fish biodiversity for SPSPA currently comprises 225 species (169 recorded as adult fishes and 79 as larvae, with 23 species found in both stages). Most of them (112) are pelagic, 86 are reef-associated species and 27 are deep-water specialists. Species accumulation curves show that the number of fish species has not yet reached an asymptote. Whereas the number of species recorded in SPSPA is similar to that in other oceanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the proportion of shorefishes is relatively lower, and the endemism level is the third highest in the Atlantic. Twenty-nine species are listed as threatened with extinction. Observations confirm the paucity of top predators on shallow rocky reefs of the island, despite the presence of several pelagic shark species around SPSPA. Because all of the endemic species are reef associated, it is argued that the new marine-protected areas created by the Brazilian government do not ensure the protection and recovery of SPSPA's biodiversity because they allow exploitation of the most vulnerable species around the archipelago itself. This study suggests a ban on reef fish exploitation inside an area delimited by the 1000 m isobath around the islands (where all known endemics are concentrated) as the main conservation strategy to be included in the SPSPA management plan being prepared by the Brazilian government. 相似文献
56.
Potential for Virus Endogenization in Humans through Testicular Germ Cell Infection: the Case of HIV
57.
Magalhães André L. B. Daga Vanessa S. Bezerra Luis A. V. Vitule Jean R. S. Jacobi Claudia M. Silva Luiz G. M. 《Hydrobiologia》2020,847(18):3897-3915
Hydrobiologia - Non-native freshwater fish introduced via the aquarium trade can cause major changes at the community level over time and space, resulting in dynamics context dependencies within... 相似文献
58.
Adalgisa Ribeiro Torres Welington Luiz Araújo Luciana Cursino Priscilla de Barros Rossetto Mateus Mondin Mariangela Hungria João Lúcio Azevedo 《Archives of microbiology》2013,195(7):483-489
This study reports the introduction of gfp marker in two endophytic bacterial strains (Pantoea agglomerans C33.1, isolated from cocoa, and Enterobacter cloacae PR2/7, isolated from citrus) to monitor the colonization in Madagascar perinwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Stability of the plasmid encoding gfp was confirmed in vitro for at least 72 h of bacterial growth and after the colonization of tissues, under non-selective conditions. The colonization was observed using fluorescence microscopy and enumeration of culturable endophytes in inoculated perinwinkle plants that grew for 10 and 20 days. Gfp-expressing strains were re-isolated from the inner tissues of surface-sterilized roots and stems of inoculated plants, and the survival of the P. agglomerans C33:1gfp in plants 20 days after inoculation, even in the absence of selective pressure, suggests that is good colonizer. These results indicated that both gfp-tagged strains, especially P. agglomerans C33.1, may be useful tools to deliver enzymes or other proteins in plant. 相似文献
59.
After continents divide: comparative phylogeography of reef fishes from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
60.
Mauro Leonelli Daniel O. Martins Luiz R. G. Britto 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2013,33(3):379-392
The activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel (TRPV1) has been correlated with oxidative and nitrosative stress and cell death in the nervous system. Our previous results indicate that TRPV1 activation in the adult retina can lead to constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent protein nitration and apoptosis. In this report, we have investigated the potential effects of TRPV1 channel activation on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and function, and the putative participation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in retinal TRPV1-induced protein nitration, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation. Intravitreal injections of the classical TRPV1 agonist capsaicin up-regulated the protein expression of the inducible and endothelial NOS isoforms. Using 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate for nitric oxide (NO) imaging, we found that capsaicin also increased the production of NO in retinal blood vessels. Processes and perikarya of TRPV1-expressing neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina were found in the vicinity of nNOS-positive neurons, but those two proteins did not colocalize. Retinal explants exposed to capsaicin presented high protein nitration, lipid peroxidation, and cell death, which were observed in the inner nuclear and plexiform layers and in ganglion cells. This effect was partially blocked by AP-5, a NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, but not by CNQX, an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. These data support a potential role for TRPV1 channels in physiopathological retinal processes mediated by NO, which at least in part involve glutamate release. 相似文献