Identification of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase and glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase as functions of the same protein in Escherichia coli

Lactaldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme involved in the aerobic metabolism of fucose in wild type Escherichia coli, and glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of ethylene glycol in mutant cells able to utilize this glycol. Both enzyme sources display oxidative activity on either substrate with a constant ratio between these activities. We have found that both enzymatic activities present the same electrophoretic mobility when crude extracts were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels and the gels stained for enzyme activities. Furthermore, both enzymatic activities co-chromatograph in a DEAE-Sephadex column. If lactaldehyde dehydrogenase of wild type cells is purified near homogeneity and the purification procedure is screened for both aldehydes as substrates, only one enzyme is apparent, giving again a constant ratio between lactaldehyde and glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase activities. Genetic evidence of the fact that both activities are functions of the same protein is provided by the observation that mutation to thermosensitivity for the production of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase affected in the same way the production of glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase. Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase from mutant cells is purified in a procedure coincident with the lactaldehyde dehydrogenase purification, yielding a single enzyme electrophoretically indistinguishable from the purified lactaldehyde dehydrogenase. Peptide mapping of the purified preparation after digestion with chymotrypsin or Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 gives an indistinguishable band pattern between both enzymes.     

Interaction of medroxyprogesterone acetate with cytosol androgen receptors in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary

The binding of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with cytosol androgen receptors from rat pituitary and hypothalamus was studied. The pituitary and hypothalamic cytosol androgen receptors from adult castrated female rats were in vitro labeled using 3H natural (testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT] and [3H]synthetic (methyltrienolone) androgens as radioligands. The [3H]androgen-receptor complexes sedimented with a coefficient of 8S in linear sucrose gradients. When incubated with an excess of radioinert MPA, specific binding was abolished indicating interaction of MPA with androgen receptors. Furthermore specific [3H]MPA-androgen cytosol receptor complexes could be identified in these neuroendocrine tissues when a post-gradient receptor labeling technique was used in the absence or presence of radioinert MPA, DHT, and triamcinolone acetonide. A study of binding kinetics disclosed that the equilibrium dissociation constant and saturation binding capacity for the MPA binder, were similar to those exhibited by DHT binding to androgen receptors in both studied tissues under identical experimental conditions. The overall results were interpreted as demonstrating that MPA interacts with cytosol steroid receptors other than those of progesterone in the rat hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The data are consistent with MPA binding to androgen receptors.     

Does naloxone have functional significant activity on medial thalamic neurons? microiontophoretical study

Local administration (microiontophoretically) of naloxone was tested in 57 parafascicularis thalamic (PF) neurons of morphine-naive and morphine-dependent rats. In morphine-naive rats microiontophoretic applications of naloxone induced changes in 52% of the PF neurons. Reduction in neuronal activity was observed in the majority of them; this reduction phenomena exhibited dose response characteristics, i.e., each incremental naloxone dose caused further decrease of the neuronal discharges. In morphine-dependent animals, 64% of the PF neurons were affected. The changes seen after naloxone were mainly increases of electrical discharges (i.e. the opposite effects obtained in morphine-naive animals).     

Biochemical parameters to assess cell differentiation of Bouvardia ternifolia Schlecht callus

Calli derived from leaves and radicles of B. ternifolia were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, and the effects of different nitrogen sources on the rate of callus growth and on the enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation were studied. Ammonium alone did not support callus growth unless a Krebs-cycle intermediate was added to the medium. The activities of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1), and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) were measured in homogenates of callus grown on media supplied with different nitrogen sources. The results indicate that leaf and root calli have similar levels of these enzymes when grown on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497). However, when the calli were supplied with glutamine as the sole nitrogen source, the activity of glutamate synthase increased in leaf callus but was almost completely inhibited in root callus. The results indicate that calli originated from different B. ternifolia tissues do not have the same biochemical dedifferentiated state.     

Twopictonia (perisphinctidae) from the subbetic upper jurassic of spain

Two ammonites belonging to the genusPictonia Bayle, 1878 (subgenusPachypictonia Schneid, 1940) are described from the Lower Kimmeridgian of the Subbetic of Western Andalusia, this being the first evidence of the presence of this genus in the Mediterranean (Tethydian) Upper Jurassic.     

A heteroplasmic state induced by protoplast fusion is a necessary condition for detecting rearrangements in Nicotiana mitochondrial DNA

Theoretical and Applied Genetics - Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction patterns were studied in mutant, cybrid and somatic hybrid plants regenerated from Nicotiana protoplasts. It has been shown...     

Transferability of antibiotic resistance determinants in strains of Staphylococcus aureus belonging to different phage groups

A total of 107 donor strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical material, with a high incidence of multiresistant strains belonging predominantly to phage group III, were tested for transmission of determinants of resistance to 6 antibiotics using mixed cultures of donor strains and the recipient Staphylococcus aureus strain 5849-fur-r, rif-r. The capability of strains to transfer resistance markers to the recipient was found to depend neither on phage group nor phage type to which the donor strain belonged, but strains possessing multiple resistance to antibiotics effectuated transfers at comparatively higher frequencies.     

Radiosensitivity and proliferative activity of vertebral CFU-S surviving in mice injected with oncogenic activities of 239Pu or 241Am

Survival, radiosensitivity and capability to produce differentiated progeny were followed in CFU-S from lumbar vertebrae of mice injected with 198.6 kBq 239Pu/kg or 208.6 kBq 241Am/kg. The CFU-S assay and 59Fe uptake into spleen colonies were used. The number of CFU-S from treated mice was significantly lower than in controls. Higher radiosensitivity of CFU-S from 239Pu- or 241Am-treated mice was demonstrated using additional exposure to 0.5 Gy X-rays 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs after cell transplantation and expressed more precisely by survival curves obtained 1 hr after the marrow cell injection. The effect of 239Pu on CFU-S was characterized by Do 0.58 Gy (n = 0.91) and that of 241Am by Do 0.64 Gy (n = 0.91); corresponding control values were Do 0.89 Gy, n = 1.11. Lower iron utilization due not only to the decreased CFU-S numbers, but also to the defective production of erythroid cells per one CFU-S was found. Complexity of radiation effect on hemopoietic stem cells was demonstrated by the present study.     

Idiotype shifts caused by neonatal tolerance to phosphorylcholine

The injection of as little as 0.5 microgram phosphorylcholine-(PC) conjugated mouse immunoglobulin into BALB/c neonates within 48 hr of birth results in complete unresponsiveness to PC for 3 to 4 wk. Thereafter, anti-PC responses can be detected in tolerized animals, but these responses differ significantly from those of normal BALB/c mice. First, the magnitude of responsiveness does not approach normal levels even 9 mo after birth. Second, although the initial responses as tolerance is broken can be T15+, idiotypic dominance is not established; instead, a heterogeneous T15- population eventually emerges, which includes clones with higher and with lower avidity than T15. Unirradiated unresponsive mice will help transplanted normal B cells to produce T15+ responses to thymus-dependent PC antigens. The responses of animals recovered from tolerance are stable upon adoptive transfer. We have, moreover, found no evidence of either loss of idiotype-specific T cell help or generation of suppression. Therefore, neonatal exposure to PC tolerogen can effect profound, permanent changes in the antigen-specific B cell compartment independent of any influence on conventional T cell regulatory mechanisms.