The effects of dispersal limitation and topographic heterogeneity on beta diversity and phylobetadiversity in a subtropical forest

We assessed the effects of topographic heterogeneity and stem density on species composition between grains of different sizes (20 × 20, 50 × 50, and 100 × 100 m), based on partial Mantel tests. Similarity in species composition was measured by the abundance-based Jaccard index (C_J) and by an index that incorporates phylogenetic information into C_J (pC_J). Plants were divided into five groups, arbor, subarbor, and shrub according to life form and two other groups: species that produce dry fruits (PDF) and that produce fleshy fruits (PFF). C_J and pC_J between any two grains at each grain size were calculated separately for these groups and for all species combined. In order to examine what influences C_J and pC_J, we analyzed their correlations with topographic heterogeneity variables and two dispersal limitation-related variables (stem and topographic resistance). Our data indicate that at all three grain sizes, C_J and pC_J decrease with increasing distance for all plant groups. Dispersal limitation and topographic heterogeneity were both important at 20 × 20 and 50 × 50 m grain sizes for C_J and pC_J of all plant groups; and at 100 × 100 m grain size, topographic heterogeneity dominates over dispersal limitation for some plant groups. C_J and pC_J of PDFs are less negatively correlated with stem resistance than those of PFFs. We conclude that both beta diversity and phylobetadiversity are dependent on plant groups and grain sizes.     

Genome‐wide scans to detect positive selection in Large White and Tongcheng pigs

Due to the direction, intensity, duration and consistency of genetic selection, especially recent artificial selection, the production performance of domestic pigs has been greatly changed. Therefore, we reasoned that there must be footprints or selection signatures that had been left during domestication. In this study, with porcine 60K BeadChip genotyping data from both commercial Large White and local Chinese Tongcheng pigs, we calculated the extended haplotype homozygosity values of the two breeds using the long‐range haplotype method to detect selection signatures. We found 34 candidate regions, including 61 known genes, from Large White pigs and 25 regions comprising 57 known genes from Tongcheng pigs. Many selection signatures were found on SSC1, SSC4, SSC7 and SSC14 regions in both populations. According to quantitative trait loci and network pathway analyses, most of the regions and genes were linked to growth, reproduction and immune responses. In addition, the average genetic differentiation coefficient F_ST was 0.254, which means that there had already been a significant differentiation between the breeds. The findings from this study can contribute to further research on molecular mechanisms of pig evolution and domestication and also provide valuable references for improvement of their breeding and cultivation.     

生长抑素可预防链佐霉素诱发的大鼠胰岛 B 细胞分泌功能的损伤

本工作通过测定大鼠血清、胰腺灌流液以及肤腺组织中胰岛素含量,观察生长抑素(SS)对链佐霉素(STZ)诱发的实验性糖尿病的作用。结果如下:皮下注射生理盐水后10min,再向腹腔注射链佐霉素(35mg/kg),24h 后大鼠血清胰岛素浓度明显降低。胰腺组织匀浆中的胰岛素含量也明显减少。如若在注射链佐霉素前10min 皮下注射生长抑素,则可有效地防止上述两项指标的改变,(NS STZ)和(SS STZ)两组之间具有显著差异。单独注射生长抑素,24h 后血清胰岛素及胰腺组织中胰岛素含量与正常对照无明显差异。用分离的大鼠胰腺作体外灌流,观察到:NS STZ 组大鼠灌流胰腺对19.7mmol/L 的高浓度葡萄糖刺激无胰岛素释放反应,而 SS STZ 组大鼠的胰腺对高浓度葡萄糖有反应性,刺激后出现胰岛素分泌峰。上述结果表明,SS(30μg/kg)预防性注射可以防止 STZ 引起的胰岛 B 细胞分泌功能的障碍。     

锌和铜在生长抑素对链佐霉素引起的胰岛B细胞损伤的保护中的作用

我们以前的工作指出,生长抑素可以预防链佐霉素对大鼠胰岛B细胞的损伤。本工作测定给药前后大鼠血清和组织中Zn、Cu含量,以进一步观察链佐霉素破坏大鼠胰岛B细胞后生长抑素预防效应的可能机制。结果为:链佐霉素(STZ)(35mg/kg,ip)注射后24h的大鼠,血清Zn浓度下降,Cu浓度升高,Zn/Cu比值倒置;用生长抑素作预防性注射后,血清Zn浓度与正常对照水平相同,Cu浓度虽稍有升高,但Zn/Cu比值正常。保护组的血清Zn与损伤组比较,差异极为显著。两组的Zn/Cu比值同样也具有显著差异。在给药后72h,血清Zn/Cu比值在各组之间仍呈上述关系,但差异减小。在大鼠胰腺,注射链佐霉素后胰腺组织Zn浓度未见改变,但生长抑素作预防性注射可使组织锌含量增加。上述结果提示,在生长抑素对胰岛B细胞的保护机制中可能有Zn和Cu的参与。预防性注射生长抑素所引起的高Zn状态可能有利于机体细胞含Zn酶类的活性,增强已损伤细胞的修复。     

Hidden smectic properties of a chiral side-chain co-oligomer

We recently showed that a side-chain industrial co-oligosiloxane presents a quenchable enlarged blue phase behaviour at the cholesteric-isotropic phase transition. In this paper, we present the results of a structural study based on X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and optical measurements. In particular, the smectic A organisation is demonstrated in the lower temperature domain, which was hitherto understood as a cholesteric phase. A structural model for this phase is proposed on the basis of the analysis of the anisotropic scattering of stretched fibers. Our results also suggest that the observed glass transition is indeed a rather complex phenomenon, which seems to involve not only the freezing of the main chains, but also smectic correlations at the side-chain level. Moreover, the calorimetric study indicates that, notwithstanding the conservation of the processed film's optical properties, low kinetic reorganisations occur at room temperature.     

大鼠中脑导水管壁及周围灰质在针刺镇痛时的~3H-5-羟色胺含量变化

本研究用~3H-5-羟色胺作示踪,由大鼠侧脑室注入后用冰冻微观放射自显影和组织固定微观放射自显影平行探讨了针刺镇痛时中脑导水管壁及周围灰质部位5-羟色胺的含量定位变化。研究结果发现,当电针达到镇痛时,在中脑导水管壁及周围灰质部位~3H-5-羟色胺的放射自显影象都呈明显增高,这表明在针刺镇痛条件下,~3H-5-羟色胺可迅速被中脑导水管壁及周围灰质部位摄取和储存,从而提示上述部位与针刺镇痛作用有密切关系。     

长非编码RNA PVT1与消化系统肿瘤

长非编码RNA（long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs）在肿瘤发生、发展进程中承担重要角色,是近年来的研究热点之一。大量研究表明,浆细胞瘤变异易位基因1（plasmacytoma variant translocation 1, PVT1）可通过多种分子机制参与调控消化系统肿瘤的增殖凋亡、迁移侵袭、细胞自噬、血管生成、多药耐药及肿瘤代谢等过程,从而发挥致癌作用。本文主要就PVT1在消化系统肿瘤中的表达水平变化,及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系,以及PVT1对消化系统肿瘤的致癌作用机制和多药耐药机制等研究进展作一综述。     

云南10个民族红细胞酸性磷酸酶型分布调查

用淀粉凝胶电泳法对云南省汉族及9个少数民族的红细胞酸性磷酸酶(ACP_1)的表型分布进行了调查,检出A、BA和B3种表型,计算得云南汉、彝、白、傣、瑶、佤、哈尼、布朗、基诺和拉祜族ACP_1~A、ACP_1~B的基因频率依次为0.2067、0.7933;0.2406、0.7594;0.2341、0.7659;0.3750、0.6250;0.2300、0.7700;0.2727、0.7273;0.3594、0.6406;0.3036、0.6964;0.2381、0.76119和0.4474、0.5526。未发现ACP_1~C基因及其它稀有基因。研究表明,ACP_1表型的分布存在着一定的种族与民族差异。     

Characterization of Senescence in Lemna gibba G3: A Determinate Growth System

Frond senescence in Lemna gibba G3 was characterized, and itscontrol by light, ABA and kinetin investigated. The plant exhibitsa determinate growth pattern with a frond producing a set numberof daughter fronds before undergoing senescence and death regardlessof whether or not it flowers. When a frond was cut in half,the distal half (half frond) which lacks any meristem underwentrapid senescence as compared with intact fronds. In both intactand half fronds, the onset of senescence was accelerated byABA and retarded by kinetin. Continuous white light acceleratedsenescence in both intact and half fronds over the dark controls.Under different photoperiodic light regime, the pace of daughterfrond production is accelerated in proportion to the lengthof light period. In half fronds, however, very short photoperiodiclight treatments (e.g. 1L: 23D or 3L: 21D) rather delayed senescenceover the dark controls. Two separate light control systems operatingin opposite directions in Lemana senescence appear to exist. ¹Present address: Department of Biology, Yonsei University,Seoul 120-749, Korea ²Present address: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Aero SpaceBuilding, Rm. 323, 901 D Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20251-2200, U.S.A. (Received July 13, 1989; Accepted May 8, 1990)     

反义寡核苷酸片段可抑制鲫鱼视网膜电压依赖性钾离子通道的表达

爪蟾卵母细胞经注射鲫鱼视网总ＲＮＡ后,可表达大量电压依赖性钾离子通道。在此基础上,我们进一步发现,一个特定序列的寡核苷酸能专一地抑制该通道的表达。由于我们设计与合成的该片段与果蝇、小鼠中已克隆的钾通道中编码Ｎ端的一个多肽的ｍＲＮＡ完全互补,因此推测：鲫鱼视网膜中的Ｋ这个区域与其它物种的Ｋ通道有高度同源性,这为克隆该基因和研究它的功能提供了重要资料。