中国土地利用多功能性动态的区域分析

当前,国际学术界针对土地利用的研究正由土地利用格局变化向土地空间多功能变化及其可持续性的方向发展,其宗旨是确定和度量土地多元化利用所提供的产品、服务和功能,及其带来的环境和社会经济效应,实现对土地利用的科学管理。基于可持续发展三维度的理念及其指标体系,界定并定量评价了我国区域土地利用的10项功能,深入研究了在经济快速发展、生态环境保护紧密相随的过去20a间,各项功能的时空变化特征。研究表明,我国土地多功能性的10项功能中,就业支持功能表现出区域增减不一的特点,生态过程维持功能具有高度的稳定性。健康保障、交通功能、居住家园、生物性土地生产、人工化土地生产、资源供给与维持、污染接收器、景观与文化支持功能在各个区域得到了不断改善与提高,但各个功能变化的强势区和弱势区在时空分布上表现出了很强的区域性特点。区域自然条件禀赋、社会经济条件以及土地利用政策在功能变化中起着关键作用。研究结果揭出中国区域土地多功能性尚存在巨大的提升空间;土地政策应具有系统性、功能针对性和时空针对性,并应关注土地利用功能变化的链发效应。     

A 10-miRNA risk score-based prediction model for pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer

Patients with hormone receptor(HR)-positive tumors breast cancer usually experience a relatively low pathological complete response(p CR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC). Here, we derived a 10-micro RNA risk score(10-mi RNA RS)-based model with better performance in the prediction of p CR and validated its relation with the disease-free survival(DFS) in 755 HRpositive breast cancer patients(273, 265, and 217 in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively). This model,pres...     

Overexpression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) promotes glioma cell invasion and migration and down-regulates E-cadherin via the NF-κB pathway

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that has been implicated in cancer development, progression and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of ILK in glioma cell invasion and migration. We generated a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing the human ILK gene and transfected it into human glioma SHG-44 cells. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to identify the stable transformants. The wound healing and Transwell invasion assays showed that ectopic overexpression of ILK in SHG-44 cells significantly promoted their migration and invasion capabilities in culture. This was accompanied by a decrease in expression of E-cadherin and an increase in expression of Snail and Slug. Moreover, the decrease in E-cadherin expression induced by ILK overexpression was greatly restored by the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor BAY 11-7028 or small interfering RNA targeting NF-κB p65, indicating an involvement of NF-κB in ILK-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin. In conclusion, our data underscore a novel role for ILK in glioma invasion and metastasis processes, implicating potential for therapeutic interference.     

Determination of the absolute configurations of synthetic daunorubicin analogues using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy and density functional theory

The absolute configurations of three synthesized anthracycline analogues have been determined using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental VCD spectra of the three compounds have been measured for the first time in the film state, prepared from their CDCl₃ solutions. Conformational searches for the monomers and some dimers of the three compounds have been performed at the DFT level using the B3LYP functional and the 6‐311G** and 6‐311++G** basis sets. The corresponding vibrational absorption and VCD spectra have been calculated. The good agreement between the experimental and the calculated spectra allows one to assign the absolute configurations of the three compounds with high confidence. In addition, the dominant conformers of the three compounds have also been identified. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Migration-stimulating factor (MSF) is over-expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and promotes cell migration and invasion in A549 cells over-expressing MSF

Migration-stimulating factor (MSF), an oncofetal truncated isoform of fibronectin, is a potent stimulator of cell invasion. However, its distribution and motogenic role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have never been identified. In this study, real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) were performed to detect MSF mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues and matched adjacent tumor-free tissues. Furthermore, to examine the effect of MSF on invasiveness, MSF was upregulated in A549 cells. The invasiveness and viability of A549 cells were then determined using a transwell migration assay and the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assays, respectively. The expression level of MSF in NSCLC tissue was markedly higher than in matched adjacent tumor-free tissue. Additionally, the level of MSF protein expression in stage III and IV NSCLC samples was higher than in stage I and II NSCLC samples. More importantly, we also demonstrated that migration and invasion of A549 cells increased substantially after upregulating MSF, although proliferation remained unchanged. Meanwhile, we found no correlation between increasing motility and invasiveness of MSF-overexpressing cells and expression levels and activities of matrix metalloprotease MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our current study shows that MSF plays a role in migration and invasion of A549 cells and suggests that MSF may be a potential biomarker of NSCLC progression.     

13C, 2H NMR Studies of Structural and Dynamical Modifications of Glucose-Exposed Porcine Aortic Elastin

Elastin, the principal component of the elastic fiber of the extracellular matrix, imparts to vertebrate tissues remarkable resilience and longevity. This work focuses on elucidating dynamical and structural modifications of porcine aortic elastin exposed to glucose by solid-state NMR spectroscopic and relaxation methodologies. Results from macroscopic stress-strain tests are also presented and indicate that glucose-treated elastin is mechanically stiffer than the same tissue without glucose treatment. These measurements show a large hysteresis in the stress-strain behavior of glucose-treated elastin—a well-known signature of viscoelasticity. Two-dimensional relaxation NMR methods were used to investigate the correlation time, distribution, and population of water in these samples. Differences are observed between the relative populations of water, whereas the measured correlation times of tumbling motion of water across the samples were similar. ¹³C magic-angle-spinning NMR methods were applied to investigate structural and dynamical modifications after glucose treatment. Although some overall structure is preserved, the process of glucose exposure results in more heterogeneous structures and slower mobility. The correlation times of tumbling motion of the ¹³C-¹H internuclear vectors in the glucose-treated sample are larger than in untreated samples, pointing to their more rigid structure. The ¹³C cross-polarization spectra reveal a notably increased α-helical character in the alanine motifs after glucose exposure. Results from molecular dynamics simulations are provided that add further insight into dynamical and structural changes of a short repeat, [VPGVG]₅, an alanine pentamer, desmosine, and isodesmosine sites with and without glucose. The simulations point to changes in the entropic and energetic contributions in the retractive forces of VPGVG and AAAAA motifs. The most notable change is the increase of the energetic contribution in the retractive force due to peptide-glucose interactions of the VPGVG motif, which may play an important role in the observed stiffening in glucose-treated elastin.     

gyrB基因在细菌系统发育分析中的应用

细菌gyrB编码DNA促旋酶的B亚单位蛋白,对细茵DNA的转录和复制很重要.因不显现频繁的基因横向转移并且基于该序列的分析与DNA杂交同源性分析有较好的一致性,近年来常被选用于细菌系统发育分析及细菌鉴定,一般采用对该基因测序或对其PCR产物RFLP等方法进行研究.     

淀粉酶高产菌株的筛选、紫外诱变及产酶条件优化

【背景】提高淀粉酶的稳定性进而适应多变的工业生产条件,是淀粉酶开发的重要方向。【目的】淀粉酶在食品加工、布料退浆、酿酒制造、养殖等领域都有广泛的应用,但目前生产用的淀粉酶来源单一,在溶液中的稳定性较差,需要扩大淀粉酶来源,增强酶的稳定性,使其进一步适应复杂多变的工业生产环境。【方法】利用选择培养基在三门峡黄河湿地表层土样中筛选得到20株具有淀粉酶活性的菌株,采用杯碟法检测粗酶液的活性并对其中活性最高的3株菌进行鉴定,对其中酶活性最高的菌株运用紫外照射的方式进行诱变并测定致死率,选择突变后酶活最高的菌株,优化培养条件,并测定突变后淀粉酶的活性和作用条件范围。利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸（3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid,DNS）法测定诱变前后酶活并进行活性对比。【结果】在三门峡黄河湿地表层土壤中筛选得到3株淀粉酶活性较高的菌株并编号S03、S08和S17。根据16S rRNA基因序列比对、革兰氏染色形态观察结合生理生化分析显示,菌株S03、S08和S17分别为Aeromonas、Exiguobacterium和Bacillus,其淀粉酶最适NaCl浓度是10%-12%,最适...     

生物土壤结皮——荒漠化地区研究的热点问题

生物土壤结皮在荒漠化地区广为分布。从结皮的概念、结皮对生态系统和景观变化的影响（包括水文循环、土壤侵蚀、土壤养分循环、维管植物的萌发和生长、动物多样性、景观异质性以及生态系统和景观变化监测和评价等）以及生物土壤结皮对干扰的反应及其恢复机理等方面详细地论述了生物结皮在荒漠化发生发展及其防治中所起的重要作用,并提出了今后生物土壤结皮研究的方向和着眼点。