Long noncoding RNA PTENP1 affects the recovery of spinal cord injury by regulating the expression of miR-19b and miR-21

Exosomes derived from differentiated P12 cells and MSCs were proved to suppress apoptosis of neuron cells, and phosphatase and tensin homolog pseudogene 1 (PTENP1) was reported to inhibit cell proliferation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PTENP1 in the process of post-spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery, so as to evaluate the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from MSCs transfected with PTENP1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), as a type of novel biomarkers in the treatment of SCI. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of different exosomes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, flow cytometry, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay were conducted to investigate and validate the underlying molecular signaling pathway. PTENP1-shRNA downregulated PTENP1 and PTEN while upregulating miR-21 and miR-19b. PTENP1-shRNA also accelerated cell apoptosis and reduced cell viability. In addition, PTENP1 reduced the miR-21 and miR-19b expression by directly targeting miR-21 and miR-19b. Meanwhile, both miR-21 and miR-19b reduced the expression of PTEN by directly targeting the 3′-untranslated region of PTEN. Furthermore, PTEN level and apoptosis index of neuron cells was the highest in the SCI group, while the treatment with exosomes+PTENP1-shRNA reduced the PTEN expression to a level similar to that in the sham group. Finally, PTENP1 inhibited miR-21 and miR-19b expression but upregulated PTEN expression. The upregulation of miR-21/miR-19b also suppressed the apoptosis of neuron cells by downregulating the PTEN expression. PTENP1 is involved in the recovery of SCI by regulating the expression of miR-19b and miR-21, and exosomes from PTENP1-shRNA-transfected cells may be used as a novel biomarker in SCI treatment.     

Prevalence of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in China: A Community-Based,Cross-Sectional Study

International hospital-based studies have indicated a high risk of cognitive impairment after stroke, evidence from community-based studies in China is scarce. To determine the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and its subtypes in stroke survivors residing in selected rural and urban Chinese communities, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in 599 patients accounting for 48% of all stroke survivors registered in the 4 communities, who had suffered confirmed strokes and had undergone cognitive assessments via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Hachinski Ischemia Scale (HIS). Detection of PSCI was based on scores in these neuropsychological scales. Factors potentially impacting on occurrence of PSCI were explored by comparing demographic characteristics, stroke features, and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with and without PSCI. The overall prevalence of PSCI was 80.97% (95%CI: 77.82%-84.11%), while that of non-dementia PSCI (PSCI-ND) and post-stroke vascular dementia (PSD) was 48.91% (95%CI: 44.91%-52.92%) and 32.05% (95%CI: 28.32%-35.79%), respectively. Prior stroke and complications during the acute phase were independent risk factors for PSCI. The risk of recurrent stroke survivors having PSCI was 2.7 times higher than for first-episode survivors, and it was 3 times higher for those with complications during the acute phase than for those without. The higher prevalence of PSCI in this study compared with previous Chinese studies was possibly due to the combined effects of including rural stroke survivors, a longer period from stroke onset, and different assessment methods. There is an urgent need to recognize and prevent PSCI in stroke patients, especially those with recurrent stroke and complications during the acute phase.     

pH-dependent structural transition in rabbit skeletal troponin C

Although the crystal structure of troponin C is known (Herzberg, O., and James, M. N. G. (1985) Nature 313, 653-659; Sundaralingam, M., Bergstrom, R., Strasburg, G., Rao, S. T., Roychowdhury, P., Greaser, M., and Wang, B. C. (1985) Science 227, 945-948), its structure in solution, particularly under physiological conditions, has not been established. We examined the conformation of troponin C under a variety of conditions by measuring the distance between sites located in the N- and C-terminal domains using the technique of resonance energy transfer. The donor was the luminescent lanthanide ion Tb3+ bound at the low affinity metal sites in the N-terminal domain. The acceptor was 4-dimethylaminophenylazophenyl-4'-maleimide attached at Cys-98 in the C-terminal domain. The distance between these sites was found to be greater than 5.2 nm at pH 5.0, 2.7 nm at pH 6.8 for uncomplexed troponin C, and 4.1 nm for troponin C complexed with troponin I at pH 6.8. These findings suggest that uncomplexed troponin C undergoes a pH-dependent transition from an elongated conformation, compatible with the crystal structure at acidic pH, to a more compact conformation at neutral pH. When complexed with troponin I, troponin C adopts a conformation of intermediate length compared to the uncomplexed molecule at pH 6.8 and 5.0.     

刺激蓝斑对下丘脑弓状核单位放电的影响

本研究室以往工作表明,下丘脑弓状核(ARC)和蓝斑(LC)在痛觉调制和针刺镇痛中具有重要作用。本实验观察刺激 LC 对清醒制动大鼠 ARC 单位放电的影响。ARC 单位对刺激LC 的反应以抑制为主,在38个单位中有23个单位呈现抑制反应。ARC 单位对外周伤害性刺激的反应以兴奋为主,在27个单位中有20个单位呈现兴奋反应。刺激 LC 可以使 ARC 单位的伤害性反应的持续时间明显缩短。α_2受体激动剂(氯压啶)和α_1受体阻断剂(酚苄明)能加快ARC 单位的平均放电频率,而β-受体激动剂(异丙基肾上腺素)和β受体阻断剂(心得安)则无明显影响。这些结果提示 LC 的去甲肾上腺素能神经元对 ARC 神经元的作用是通过α受体实现的。     

番茄五个品种的核型研究（摘要）

本文研究了番茄五个不同品种(武昌大红、加拿大、佛特、荷兰五号、青北早)的核型。1.番茄的核型公式如下: (1) 武昌大红。2n=24=2M+8m+12sm+2st (2) 加拿大。2n=24=4M+8m+12sm (3) 佛特。2n=24=2M+8m+10sm+4st (4) 荷兰五号2n=24=2M+14m+8sm (5) 青北早2n=24=4M+8m+12sm 2、五个品种中都具有一对随体染色体,但位于那一对染色体上也有相同和相异。“武昌大红”与“佛特”的随体在第9对上。“加拿大”在第7对上。“荷兰五号”及“青北早”位于第4对染色体上,并发现“武昌大红”、“加拿大”品种的随体,在同一品种也出现随体大小的差异。3、在各个品种中,染色体的全长、相对长度、臂比都存在着一些差异。4、对于番茄染色体的随体的大小及其在染色体对数的位置,染色体的形态结构,核形与番茄起源的关系进行了初步讨论。     

霜霉属菌一新种——微孔草霜霉

本文报道寄生于甘青微孔草(Microula pseudotrichocarpa W.T.Wang)和疏花微孔草[M.diffusa(Maxim.)Johnst.]上的霜霉属一新种——微孔草霜霉(Peronospora microulaeMeng et G.Y.Yin)。以汉文和拉丁文描述此新种的形态性状,并。附图