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1.
Hatchery selection promotes boldness in newly hatched brown trout (Salmo trutta): implications for dominance 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sundstrom L. Fredrik; Petersson Erik; Hojesjo Johan; Johnsson Jorgen I.; Jarvi Torbjorn 《Behavioral ecology》2004,15(2):192-198
By using newly hatched (approximately 2 weeks old) brown trout(Salmo trutta) from six families of wild and six families ofsea-ranched origin (seventh generation), we tested the hypothesesthat (1) the hatchery environment selects for increased boldness,and (2) boldness predicts dominance status. Sea-ranched troutspend their first 2 years in the hatchery before being releasedinto the wild at the onset of seaward migration. Trout werepresented with a novel object (tack) and with food (brine shrimp),and their responses were measured and scored in terms of boldness.Siblings with increasing difference in boldness were then pairedin dyadic contests. Fish of sea-ranged origin were on averagebolder than were fish of wild origin, and bolder individualswere more likely to become dominant regardless of origin. Boldnesswas not related to RNA levels, indicating that bold behaviorwas not a consequence of higher metabolism or growth rate. Neitherwas size a predictor of bold behavior or the outcome of dyadiccontests. These results are consistent with studies on olderlife stages showing increased boldness toward predators in hatchery-selectedfish, which suggests that behavioral consequences of hatcheryselection are manifested very early in life. The concordancebetween boldness and dominance may suggest that these behaviorsare linked in a risk prone-aggressive phenotype, which may bepromoted by hatchery selection. However, we also found significantvariation in behavioral and growth-related traits among families,suggesting that heritable variation has not been exhausted bysea-ranching procedures. 相似文献
2.
Fredrik Barth 《American anthropologist》1995,97(4):806-807
Book reviewed in this article:
Images of Power: Balinese Paintings Made for Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead . Hildred Geertz. 相似文献
Images of Power: Balinese Paintings Made for Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead . Hildred Geertz. 相似文献
3.
Agneta Nordenskjöld Fredrik Hedborg Holger Luthman Magnus Nordenskjöld 《Human genetics》1993,92(3):296-298
The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is characterized by somatic overgrowth, developmental anomalies, and proneness to embryonic tumor development. The majority of cases are sporadic, but several families with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expression and reduced penetrance have been described. In three such families, BWS has been linked to DNA markers for the insulin gene (INS) and H-ras on chromosome band 11p15. Two additional families with inherited BWS are described here. Linkage analysis has been performed with a highly informative marker for the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) locus within the INS-IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor II)-TH gene cluser and confirms the previous observed linkage to this region (lod score 2.16 at = 0). Linkage analysis to TH provides a basis for informed genetic counselling and carrier detection in the hereditary form of the syndrome. Based on the hypothesis that IGF2 may be a candidate gene for BWS, we screened for mutations in the coding exons 7 and 9, but found no abnormalities in 5 unrelated BWS cases. 相似文献
4.
Charlotte Schou Erik R. Ottosen Hans Jørgen Petersen Fredrik Björkling Scilla Latini Pernille V. Hjarnaa Erik Bramm Lise Binderup 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》1997,7(24):616-3100
4-Pyridyl cyanoguanidines with hydrophobic aromatic side chains showed potent antiproliferative activity in the human breast and lung cancer cell lines MCF-7, NYH and H460. In vivo, treatment with N-(6-chlorophenoxyhexyl)-N′-cyano-N″-4-pyridylguanidine (18, 20 mg/kg/day po.), gave a complete remission of tumours in a model of NYH inoculated nude mice. 相似文献
5.
Bengt Danielsson Fredrik Winqvist Jean Yves Malpote Klaus Mosbach 《Biotechnology letters》1982,4(10):673-678
Summary An alternative approach to the regeneration of coenzymes using immobilized hydrogen dehydrogenase (hydrogenase) is described. Hydrogenase isolated from Alcaligenes Eutrophus was immobilized to porous glass particles and used in combination with alanine dehydrogenase for formation of alanine, while the NADH consumed was regenerated by molecular hydrogen. Different physical arrangements of the two enzymes were compared. Alanine was conveniently assayed with a specially designed enzyme thermistor method. 相似文献
6.
Effect of changes in arterial oxygen content on circulation and physical performance. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
To evaluate the effect of different levels of arterial oxygen content on hemodynamic parameters during exercise nine subjects performed submaximal bicycle or treadmill exercise and maximal treadmill exercise under three different experimental conditions: 1) breathing room air (control); 2) breathing 50% oxygen (hyperoxia); 3) after rebreathing a carbon monoxide gas mixture (hypoxia). Maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) was significantly higher in hyperoxia (4.99 1/min) and significantly lower in hypoxia (3.80 1/min) than in the control experiment (4.43 1/min). Physical performance changes in parallel with Vo2 max. Maximal cardiac output (Qmax) was similar in hyperoxia as in control but was significantly lower in hypoxia mainly due to a decreased stroke volume. A correlation was found between Vo2 max and transported oxygen, i.e., Cao2 times Amax, thus suggesting that central circulation is an important limiting factor for human maximal aerobic power. During submaximal work HR was decreased in hyperoxia and increased in hypoxia. Corresponding Q values were unchanged except for a reduction during high submaximal exercise in hyperoxia. 相似文献
7.
Nicolas Lartillot Matthew J. Phillips Fredrik Ronquist 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2016,371(1699)
Over recent years, several alternative relaxed clock models have been proposed in the context of Bayesian dating. These models fall in two distinct categories: uncorrelated and autocorrelated across branches. The choice between these two classes of relaxed clocks is still an open question. More fundamentally, the true process of rate variation may have both long-term trends and short-term fluctuations, suggesting that more sophisticated clock models unfolding over multiple time scales should ultimately be developed. Here, a mixed relaxed clock model is introduced, which can be mechanistically interpreted as a rate variation process undergoing short-term fluctuations on the top of Brownian long-term trends. Statistically, this mixed clock represents an alternative solution to the problem of choosing between autocorrelated and uncorrelated relaxed clocks, by proposing instead to combine their respective merits. Fitting this model on a dataset of 105 placental mammals, using both node-dating and tip-dating approaches, suggests that the two pure clocks, Brownian and white noise, are rejected in favour of a mixed model with approximately equal contributions for its uncorrelated and autocorrelated components. The tip-dating analysis is particularly sensitive to the choice of the relaxed clock model. In this context, the classical pure Brownian relaxed clock appears to be overly rigid, leading to biases in divergence time estimation. By contrast, the use of a mixed clock leads to more recent and more reasonable estimates for the crown ages of placental orders and superorders. Altogether, the mixed clock introduced here represents a first step towards empirically more adequate models of the patterns of rate variation across phylogenetic trees.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks’. 相似文献
8.
Bo Mattiasson Bengt Danielsson Fredrik Winquist Hans Nilsson Klaus Mosbach 《Applied microbiology》1981,41(4):903-908
Immobilized penicillinase was applied in an enzyme thermistor for calorimetric analysis of samples containing penicillin G. Standard solutions as well as extracts from fermentation broth were analyzed. The enzyme was applied bound either to porous glass or, when dealing with crude preparations, to the inner surface of nylon tubing. In the fermentation system studied, high concentrations of penicillin were present, thus allowing dilution to reduce the influence of the composition of the medium on the analysis. The useful linear concentration range was from 0.1 to 100 mM. The coefficient of correlation between analytical results obtained with the present method and those from conventional assays was 0.997. 相似文献
9.
Cell surface orifices of caveolae and localization of caveolin to the necks of caveolae in adipocytes 下载免费PDF全文
Thorn H Stenkula KG Karlsson M Ortegren U Nystrom FH Gustavsson J Stralfors P 《Molecular biology of the cell》2003,14(10):3967-3976
Caveolae are noncoated invaginations of the plasma membrane that form in the presence of the protein caveolin. Caveolae are found in most cells, but are especially abundant in adipocytes. By high-resolution electron microscopy of plasma membrane sheets the detailed structure of individual caveolae of primary rat adipocytes was examined. Caveolin-1 and -2 binding was restricted to the membrane proximal region, such as the ducts or necks attaching the caveolar bulb to the membrane. This was confirmed by transfection with myc-tagged caveolin-1 and -2. Essentially the same results were obtained with human fibroblasts. Hence caveolin does not form the caveolar bulb in these cells, but rather the neck and may thus act to retain the caveolar constituents, indicating how caveolin participates in the formation of caveolae. Caveolae, randomly distributed over the plasma membrane, were very heterogeneous, varying in size between 25 and 150 nm. There was about one million caveolae in an adipocyte, which increased the surface area of the plasma membrane by 50%. Half of the caveolae, those larger than 50 nm, had access to the outside of the cell via ducts and 20-nm orifices at the cell surface. The rest of the caveolae, those smaller than 50 nm, were not open to the cell exterior. Cholesterol depletion destroyed both caveolae and the cell surface orifices. 相似文献
10.
Cell fusions are important to fertilization, placentation, development of skeletal muscle and bone, calcium homeostasis and
the immune defense system. Additionally, cell fusions participate in tissue repair and may be important to cancer development
and progression. A large number of factors appear to regulate cell fusions, including receptors and ligands, membrane domain
organizing proteins, proteases, signaling molecules and fusogenic proteins forming alpha-helical bundles that bring membranes
close together. The syncytin family of proteins represent true fusogens and the founding member, syncytin-1, has been documented
to be involved in fusions between placental trophoblasts, between cancer cells and between cancer cells and host cells. We
review the literature with emphasis on the syncytin family and propose that syncytins may represent universal fusogens in
primates and rodents, which work together with a number of other proteins to regulate the cell fusion machinery. 相似文献