A new species of Galearis (Orchidinae: Orchidaceae) from Sichuan,China

A new species, Galearis huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Galearis cyclochila (Franch. & Sav.) Soó and Galearis diantha (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt, but differs in having a short spur, two elliptical lateral stigma lobes and distinctly separated bursicles. This new species is known only from the type locality, the Huanglong Valley, Songpan County, western Sichuan, China, growing amongst mosses under alpine shrubs at an elevation of about 3000 m. Based on two years of observations of its population size, the species was categorized as critically endangered CR (B1a, B2a) according to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. The micromorphology of pollinia and seeds was observed by scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of G. cyclochila and G. diantha. The results supported G. huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo as a new species. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 689–695.     

Redox conditions for stimulation of in vitro folding and assembly of the glycoprotein hormone chorionic gonadotropin

The formation of native disulfide bonds during in vitro protein folding can be limiting in obtaining biologically active proteins. Thus, optimization of redox conditions can be critical in maximizing the yield of renatured, recombinant proteins. We have employed a folding model, that of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG- beta), to investigate in vitro oxidation conditions that facilitate the folding of this protein, and have compared the in vitro rates obtained with the rate of folding that has been observed in intact cells. Two steps in the folding pathway of hCG-beta were investigated: the rate-limiting events in the folding of this protein, and the assembly of hCG-beta with, hCG-alpha. The rates of these folding events were determined with and without protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) using two different types of redox reagents: cysteamine and its oxidized equivalent, cystamine, and reduced and oxidized glutathione. Rates of the rate-limiting folding events were twofold faster in cysteamine/cystamine redox buffers than in glutathione buffers in the absence of PDI. Optimal conditions for hCG-beta folding were attained in a 2 mM glutathione buffer, pH 7.4, that contained 1 mg/mL PDI and in 10muM cysteamine/cystamine, pH 8.7, without PDI. Under these conditions, the half-time of the ratelimiting folding event was 16 to 20 min and approached the rate observed in intact cells (4 to 5 min). Moreover, folding of the beta subunit under these conditions yields a functional protein, based on its ability to assemble with the alpha subunit. The rates of assembly of hCG-beta with hCG-alpha in the cysteamine/cystamine or glutathione/PDI redox buffers were comparable (t(1/2/sb> = 9 to 12 min)). These studies show that rates of folding and assembly events that involve disulfide bond formation can be optimized by a simple buffer system composed of cysteamine and cystamine. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

植物黄酮二氢杨梅素的提纯及结晶形态研究

显齿葡萄属植物富含黄酮物质。研究对显齿葡萄黄酮提取物二氢杨梅素的提纯及结晶态进行了初步探讨。结果表明:以水作为结晶溶剂进行多次重结晶,可有效去除植物黄酮提取物的杂质,总黄酮含量由原来的86%提高至96.5%。二氢杨梅素在水相中的结晶态多为针状结晶,水相保温结晶呈放射性棒状结晶。在pH4.5的条件下,其溶解度最低可获得较高的回收率。     

近40a甘肃省气候生产潜力时空变化特征

根据甘肃省69个气象站1971-2007年温度和降水资料,采用Miami模型、Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算了全省温度生产潜力、降水生产潜力和气候生产潜力,分析了影响气候生产潜力的气候驱动力,用经验正交函数(EOF)分析其时空变化特征。结果表明:温度生产潜力显著增加,降水生产潜力略有减少,平均气候生产潜力为733.86 kg · hm^-2 · a^-1,呈逐渐减少趋势。区域差异性明显,呈东南-西北递减,陇南山区＞陇东高原＞陇中高原＞甘南草原＞河西走廊,气候生产潜力以1997年为转型年。增湿和增温均有利于气候生产潜力的增加,但增湿增益更为显著,另气候的暖干化趋势是研究区气候生产潜力减少的重要原因。     

京津冀城市群区域产业协同的政策格局及评价

产业协同发展是京津冀区域协同发展的三个重点领域之一,科学合理的产业协同政策是加快实现这一发展目标的重要保障。通过对京津冀城市群区域产业协同政策事件的系统梳理,从区域、省际和城际3个尺度解读了产业协同政策的格局及其演进过程,并从新区域主义的管治视角进行了评价。研究认为:(1)京津冀产业协同发展进入了快速发展的机遇期,协同政策极大地推动了区域内跨地产业合作和城市间产业联系,有助于提高城市群整体竞争力;(2)不同空间尺度的产业协同政策关注的重点、发展的方向、演化的特征不同,当前城市间的产业协同政策与区域协同发展目标的关系不明确,产业协同对生态环境的改善尚不显著,亟需加强研究和统筹协调;(3)受城市行政区等级关系和竞争关系的影响,京津冀产业协同政策与市场调节无法实现高度契合统一,与新区域主义的管治理念并不相符,影响科学合理协同政策的制定与实施。研究对当前京津冀区域产业协同发展推进及其政策制定有重要的参考意义。     

5种光合细菌种间原生质体融合及优良农用融合子的筛选鉴定

处于对数生长期的光合细菌球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonassphaeroides)、沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonaspalustris)、嗜酸红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomdnasacidophila)、深红红螺菌(Rhodospirarubrum)、万尼氏红微菌(Rhodomocrobiumvannielii),经溶菌酶(3mg/L)处理50min后,获得了它们的菌体形成的原生质体,其再生率分别为80%、71%、82%、61%、74%.取等量的亲本菌株在35%的PEG(MW6000)诱导下两两融合5min,共10种组合.其融合率为球×沼2.5×10-4、球×嗜2.1×10-4、球×深2.0×10-4、球×万2.1×10-4、沼×嗜2.8×10-4、沼×深2.4×10-4、沼×万2.6×10-4、嗜×深2.0×10-4、嗜×万2.3×10-4、深×万2.4×10-4.经影印法鉴定:形成的融合子可以分别生长于以相应的有机物为唯一碳源的培养基上,所有融合子体积均相当于两亲本株体积之和,融合子菌落形态特征介于两亲本株之间.从中随机挑选100个融合子,以辣椒苗作为靶标植物,从上述融合子中筛选到了1株具有显著促进作物生长、提高抗病性的融合子.     

入侵杂草化感作用的细胞自动机模拟研究

细胞自动机模型(Cellular Automata Model,简称CA模型)是一种能够表现系统复杂行为的模拟方法,适于研究植物群落时空动态过程.本文利用CA模型,模拟具有化感作用的外来种入侵原有物种所构成植被的过程.模型由产生化感物质的外来种和两个对化感物质敏感性不同的本地种组合成不同类型的群落,利用化感物质作用下受体物种生物活性响应模型及种子扩散负指数分布模型,模拟外来杂草和本地种分布格局的时空动态变化.结果表明,外来种可成功地完全入侵由两个对化感物质敏感的本地种构成的群落空间,但对于由对化感物质敏感的一个本地种及对化感物质具有抗性的另一个本地种构成的群落,外来种只能够与本地种共存.     

中国莽人、僜人、珞巴族与门巴族Heath-Carter法体型研究

作者于2006—2007年在云南、西藏调查了中国莽人、僜人、珞巴族、门巴族体重、身高、上臂收缩围、小腿围、肱骨内外上髁间径、股骨内外上髁间径、肱三头肌位皮褶、肩胛下位皮褶、髂前上棘位皮褶和腓肠肌位皮褶10项指标值,计算了4个族群的Heath-Carter法体型值。研究结果显示: 1)在南方族群中, 莽人身矮体轻, 身体细瘦, 皮脂菲薄, 肌肉不发达。僜人身矮体轻, 身体细瘦, 男性肌肉较发达, 皮脂厚度中等。女性肌肉发达, 皮脂厚。珞巴族与门巴族均身材高, 体重大, 身体粗壮, 皮脂厚, 肌肉发达。2)门巴族男性为偏内胚层的中胚层体型, 莽人、僜人、珞巴族男性为均衡的中胚层体型。僜人、珞巴族、门巴族女性为偏中胚层的内胚层体型, 莽人女性为偏内胚层的中胚层体型。莽人、僜人、珞巴族男性具有南亚类型族群的体型特征, 门巴族男性具有北亚类型族群体型特征。莽人女性具有南亚类型族群的体型特征, 僜人、珞巴族、门巴族女性具有北亚类型族群的体型特征。     

中国云南及西藏水生环境中的新种——棕孢香港霉

在大湄公河次区域的水生真菌调查中,从中国云南和西藏的沉水腐木中分离得到4个菌株。基于LSU、SSU、ITS、TEF1-α和RPB2序列进行多基因系统发育分析,表明4个菌株属于菩提科香港霉属真菌。系统发育分析结果显示4个菌株聚集在一起,并与泰国香港霉形成姐妹支。基于形态学及分子系统学研究,将这4个菌株鉴定为新种棕孢香港霉。棕孢香港霉是香港霉属的第二个有性型物种,它因子囊果的孔口处有棕色至黑色的刚毛,且子囊孢子呈梭形,孢子两端逐渐变窄且钝圆,红棕色至暗棕色,具有多个隔膜而区别于另一个有性型物种泰国香港霉。本研究提供了该真菌新种的描述及图版并比较了该种与其他物种的形态差异。