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1.
1. Seasonal regulation of energy economy was studied in farm-raised blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides; Gray, 1834). 2. Both species exhibited marked seasonal changes in body weight, body energy content, food intake and locomotor activity. Seasonal changes in food efficiency were also evident. 3. The results emphasize the important role of both energy intake and energy expenditure in the regulation process. 4. It can be concluded that regulation of seasonal energy balance is a dynamic process with various interactions between different factors. 相似文献
2.
Simultaneous Display of Multiple Foreign Peptides in the FliD Capping and FliC Filament Proteins of the Escherichia coli Flagellum 下载免费PDF全文
Katariina Majander Timo K. Korhonen Benita Westerlund-Wikstr?m 《Applied microbiology》2005,71(8):4263-4268
The bacterial flagellum is composed of more than 20 different proteins. The filament, which constitutes the major extracellular part of the flagellum, is built up of approximately 20,000 FliC molecules that assemble at the growing distal end of the filament. A capping structure composed of five FliD molecules located at the tip of the filament promotes polymerization of FliC. Lack of FliD leads to release of the subunits into the growth medium. We show here that FliD can be successfully used in bacterial surface display. We tested various insertion sites in the capping protein, and the optimal region for display was at the variable region in FliD. Deletion and/or insertion at other sites resulted in decreased formation of flagella. We further developed the technique into a multihybrid display system in which three foreign peptides are simultaneously expressed within the same flagellum, i.e., D repeats of FnBPA from Staphylococcus aureus at the tip and fragments of YadA from Yersinia enterocolitica as well as SlpA from Lactobacillus crispatus along the filament. This technology can have biotechnological applications, e.g., in simultaneous delivery of several effector molecules. 相似文献
3.
V Louhevaara J Smolander O Korhonen T Tuomi 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1986,55(2):142-146
The effects of a filtering device and an air-line apparatus on breathing pattern were studied in healthy men with different physical characteristics and work capacity. The subjects comprised nine construction workers aged 35-44, and nine firemen aged 21-35. The construction workers' mean maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was 34.5 ml min-1 kg-1, the firemen's 66.9 ml min-1 kg-1. Breathing pattern was analyzed for its components, inspiratory time, expiratory time, breathing frequency, tidal volume, and pulmonary ventilation at rest, during two submaximal treadmill walks when the subjects' absolute work load was equal, and during recovery. Neither the filtering device nor the air-line apparatus had a significant effect on breathing pattern when compared with the control values measured twice with a low-resistance breathing valve. A significantly longer expiratory time, lower breathing frequency, and smaller pulmonary ventilation were found for the firemen with the breathing valve and the industrial respirators. The breathing pattern of the construction workers and the firemen differed, but the alterations were not induced by the use of the filtering device or the air-line apparatus when studied at aerobic work levels up to 60% VO2max. 相似文献
4.
1. Both living and model animals were used to evaluate the significance of a sleeping plate as a thermal protection for the farmed raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray, 1834), its use by the animals and its cleanliness while used. 2. A dry sleeping plate effectively prevented heat loss from the model animal while a wet plate was less effective. The degree of heat transfer was highest when the plate was ice-covered. Heat loss in windy conditions was significantly higher than in calm conditions. 3. The use of a sleeping plate did not depend on ambient air temperature; in spite of the cold weather (about -25 degrees C) only one in four animals preferred to lie on plate. Animals which did not prefer to use sleeping plates most eagerly messed them up. 相似文献
5.
Deficient production of lysyl oxidase in cultures of malignantly transformed human cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lysyl oxidase activity in the culture medium of eight malignantly transformed human cell lines was very low compared with that in four control fibroblast lines, being 9-16% in five sarcoma cell lines and 7-11% in three other tumour cell lines. The low enzyme activity was probably due to deficient enzyme synthesis rather than impaired secretion into the cell medium, as low activity was also found in urea extracts of the cell pellets. Lysyl oxidase production thus appears to be closely regulated with deficient collagen gene expression in malignant transformation. 相似文献
6.
Occurrence of type-1C fimbriae on Escherichia coli strains isolated from human extraintestinal infections 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
A Pere M Leinonen V V?is?nen-Rhen M Rhen T K Korhonen 《Journal of general microbiology》1985,131(7):1705-1711
Two monoclonal antibodies specific for type-1C fimbriae of Escherichia coli were produced. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting the antibodies, which were of the IgG1 isotype, reacted with type-1C, but not with P or type-1 fimbriae of E. coli strain KS71. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of crude fimbrial extracts from 25 strains invariably gave an apparent molecular weight of 17 000 for the type-1C fimbrillin. A total of 313 E. coli strains, isolated from patients with extraintestinal infection or from faeces of healthy children, were screened for the presence of type-1C fimbriae using both the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Of these, 45 (14%) strains had type-1C fimbriae, with the highest frequency (27%) on strains isolated from patients with pyelonephritis. No faecal strain had type-1C fimbriae, and the frequency on the other diagnostic groups ranged from 11 to 15%. Thus, no direct correlation between type-1C fimbriae and bacterial virulence in human extraintestinal infections was found. Type-1C fimbriae were detected on only a few E. coli serotypes, notably on all O6:K2:H1 and O22:K13:H1 strains tested. 相似文献
7.
8.
Type V collagen as the target for type-3 fimbriae, enterobacterial adherence organelles 总被引:22,自引:2,他引:22
A.-M. Tarkkanen B. L. Allen B. Westerlund H. Holthöfer P. Kuusela L. Risteli S. Clegg T. K. Korhonen 《Molecular microbiology》1990,4(8):1353-1361
Tissue-binding specificity of the type-3 fimbriae of pathogenic enteric bacteria was determined using frozen sections of human kidney. A wild-type Klebsiella sp. strain and the recombinant strain Escherichia coli HB101(pFK12), both expressing type-3 fimbriae, as well as the purified type-3 fimbriae effectively bound to sites at or adjacent to tubular basement membranes, Bowman's capsule, arterial walls, and the interstitial connective tissue. Bacterial adherence to kidney was decreased after collagenase treatment of the tissue sections. Recombinant strains expressing type-3 fimbriae specifically adhered to type V collagen immobilized on glass slides, whereas other collagens, fibronectin or laminin did not support bacterial adherence. In accordance with these findings, specific binding of purified type-3 fimbriae to immobilized type V collagen was demonstrated. Specific adhesion to type V collagen was also seen with the recombinant strain HB101(pFK52/pDC17), which expresses the mrkD gene of the type-3 fimbrial gene cluster in association with the pap-encoded fimbrial filament of E. coli, showing that the observed binding was mediated by the minor lectin (MrkD) protein of the type-3 fimbrial filament. The interaction is highly dependent on the conformation of type V collagen molecules since type V collagen in solution did not react with the fimbriae. Specific binding to type V collagen was also exhibited by type-3 fimbriate strains of Yersinia and Salmonella, showing that the ability to use type V collagen as tissue target is widespread among enteric bacteria. 相似文献
9.
10.
Noora Pet?j?niemi Matti Korhonen Jarkko Kortesmaa Karl Tryggvason Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi Hironobu Fujiwara Lydia Sorokin Lars-Eric Thornell Zenebech Wondimu Daniel Assefa Manuel Patarroyo Ismo Virtanen 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2002,50(8):1113-1130
Recent studies suggest important functions for laminin-8 (Ln-8; alpha4beta1gamma1) in vascular and blood cell biology, but its distribution in human tissues has remained elusive. We have raised a monoclonal antibody (MAb) FC10, and by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and Western blotting techniques we show that it recognizes the human Ln alpha4-chain. Immunoreactivity for the Ln alpha4-chain was localized in tissues of mesodermal origin, such as basement membranes (BMs) of endothelia, adipocytes, and skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells. In addition, the Ln alpha4-chain was found in regions of some epithelial BMs, including epidermis, salivary glands, pancreas, esophageal and gastric glands, intestinal crypts, and some renal medullary tubules. Developmental differences in the distribution of Ln alpha4-chain were detected in skeletal muscle, walls of vessels, and intestinal crypts. Ln alpha4- and Ln alpha2-chains co-localized in BMs of fetal skeletal muscle cells and in some epithelial BMs, e.g., in gastric glands and acini of pancreas. Cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial (HPAE) cells produced Ln alpha4-chain as M(r) 180,000 and 200,000 doublet and rapidly deposited it to the growth substratum. In cell-free extracellular matrices of human kidney and lung, Ln alpha4-chain was found as M(r) 180,000 protein. 相似文献