Absent spermatogenesis despite early bilateral orchidopexy in 17-ketoreductase deficiency

We describe a 26-year-old patient with 17-ketoreductase deficiency who was raised as a male from 8 months and whose left testis was brought down at the age of 2.5 years and the right testis at the age of 4. Despite the early orchidopexy and not significantly decreased serum testosterone, he was sterile, and biopsy of the testes at the age of 26 revealed absence of spermatogenesis. This case indicates that the absence of spermatogonia in previously reported patients whose testes remained undescended until a later age could not be attributed solely to cryptorchidism. We suggest that decreased intratesticular testosterone due to steroidogenic defect in the developing testis mainly contributes to the arrest of spermatogenesis.     

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) population density and pupal size are dependent on rootstock and nitrogen in hydroponic tomato crop

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Transfer to in vitro conditions influences expression and intracellular distribution of galectin-3 in murine peritoneal macrophages

Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin that has been implicated in numerous physiological processes, including mRNA splicing, cell differentiation, tumor metastasis and the stress response. We have studied effects of transfer of resident murine peritoneal macrophages to in vitro conditions on galectin-3 in different cell compartments. Galectin-3 was purified by immunoprecipitation with rat monoclonal antibody M3/38, and analyzed by immunoblotting using the same antibody. Transfer to in vitro conditions nearly doubled the total amount of galectin-3 in cells, and caused significant alterations in its intracellular distribution, indicating that galectin-3 is involved in the adaptation of peritoneal macrophages to in vitro conditions.     

Effect of scuba diving on the oxidant/antioxidant status,SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression in recreational divers after a winter nondive period

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of scuba diving on oxidative damage markers in erythrocytes and plasma, antioxidant system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) gene expressions in recreational divers after a winter nondive period (at least 5 months). For that purpose, 17 male recreational divers performed an immersion at a depth of 30 m for 30?min. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after diving, 3 and 6?h after diving. Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation measured by thiobarbituric-reactive substances (TBARS) method was significantly increased immediately after diving, but returned to the baseline 6?h after diving, while no significant change was found for plasma TBARS and protein carbonyl derivates in both plasma and erythrocytes. Diving-induced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and consequently total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the PBMC samples (significantly increased immediately after diving, reached the maximum activities 3?h after diving, while 6?h after diving only CAT activity remained significantly increased). No significant change was observed for SOD1 activity and gene expression, as well as SOD2 expression, while CAT and SIRT1 expressions were slightly decreased immediately after diving and 3?h after diving. Interestingly, SIRT3 expression was significantly increased 6?h after diving. In conclusion, after the first dive to 30 m after a nondive season, activation of antioxidant defence was not sufficient to prevent oxidative damage, while SIRT3 upregulation could be a step towards an adaptive response to the diving.     

Galectin-3 expression in response to LPS, immunomodulatory drugs and exogenously added galectin-3 in monocyte-like THP-1 cells

Galectin-3, a structurally unique beta-galactoside-binding lectin, through the specific protein?Cprotein and protein?Ccarbohydrate interactions participates in numerous biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, adhesion and activation. Its expression and secretion by until now an unknown mechanism are modulated by diverse molecules and are dependent on different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. By autocrine and paracrine actions, galectin-3 modulates many immune reactions and affects various immune cells, particularly those of monocyte?Cmacrophage lineage. This is why galectin-3 has recently become an attractive therapeutic target. However, molecular mechanisms of its actions as well as regulatory mechanism of its expression and activation are still largely unknown. In this study, we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provokes upregulation of galectin-3 expression on both gene and protein level in monocyte-like THP-1 cells, which can be inhibited by dexamethasone, but not with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aspirin and indomethacin. Resting and LPS-challenged monocyte-like THP-1 cells do not have detectable amount of surface-bound galectin-3, but are able to bind exogenously added galectin-3 with the same capacity. Although galectin-3 is generally considered to be a pro-inflammatory molecule, here we show that the exogenously added galectin-3 does not affect interleukin (IL)-1??, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-?? production in resting and LPS-activated monocyte-like THP-1 cells nor influences its own gene expression level in those cells.     

Glycosylation of stress glycoprotein GP62 in cells exposed to heat-shock and subculturing

GP62 is a member of the stress glycoprotein family that was proposed to have a chaperone-like function in the heat-shock response. Using lectin blotting we have studied glycosylation of GP62 and determined that in addition to heat-shock, even simple subculturing of cells is a sufficient stimulus to provoke induction of GP62. Interestingly, both kinetics of induction and glycosylation of GP62 induced by subculturing were different than when GP62 was induced by heat-shock. While GP62 induced by heat-shock was recognized by SNA, DSA and PHA-E lectins, and not by BSA I, Con A, RCA I, SJA, UEA I, VVA, and WGA lectins, GP62 induced by subculturing was also recognized by RCA I and WGA lectins.     

The role of fruit drinks in daily diet of some Osijek inhabitants, Croatia

The aim of the study was to assess the role of fruit drinks in daily diet of Osijek inhabitants. A special questionnaire was administered to 199 patients visiting a family physician's office during December 2003. The concentration of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) was determined in 42 commercially available fruit drinks. Only 11% (22/199) of study subjects did not take fruit drinks. The mean concentration of vitamin C in all samples was 150.10 +/- 166.83 mg/L. The questionnaire revealed that 89% (177/199) of study subjects using fruit drinks were taking a mean of 0.4 L of fruit drink per day, yielding a mean of 60.04 mg of vitamin C, i.e. 100% of the recommended daily allowance of 60 mg. Study results indicated fruit drinks to be a significant source of vitamin C in daily diet, however, great variation in vitamin C intake according to socioeconomic status of study subjects and type of fruit drink should be noted.     

Alicyclic β-amino acids in Medicinal Chemistry

Summary. The structural element of alicyclic β-amino acids shows some remarkable biological effects: For some 5- and 6-membered β-amino acids a unique anti fungal activity has been observed, 7-membered β-amino acid derivatives have been investigated for neurological disorders. The application of 5-, 6- and 7-membered alicyclic β-amino acids in Medicinal Chemistry will be reported.