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1.
Maria V. Sergeeva Vadim V. Mozhaev Joseph O. Rich Yuri L. Khmelnitsky 《Biotechnology letters》2000,22(17):1419-1422
A novel biocatalytic reaction of transamidation of non-activated amides with amines is reported. Among 45 different lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes tested, only the lipase from Candida antarcticawas able to catalyze this reaction. The reaction proceeded with up to ca. 80% conversion in anhydrous methyl tert-butyl ether and worked with both N-substituted and unsubstituted amides. The biocatalytic transamidation is an equilibrium process and, therefore, higher conversions to the desired amide were achieved by using increased concentrations of the amine nucleophile. 相似文献
2.
V I Ugarov A V Zuev B A Rebentish A S Kriviski? 《Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia》1985,(8):21-26
The technique of localized in vitro mutagenesis in the cohesive ends of plasmid pBR322 DNA has been elaborated (separately for BamHI and HindIII sites). Plasmid DNA digested by restriction endonucleases has been treated with sodium bisulphite deaminating cytosine to form uracil in single stranded DNA (cohesive ends of the plasmid). The mutagenized plasmid DNA, free of mutagen, has been treated with bacteriophage T4 ligase. E. coli C600 cells were subsequently transformed by the ligated DNA preparation. The clones having tetracycline gene mutagenized represented 4.0-11.1% and 1.2-3.1% among HindIII and BamHI mutants, respectively, selected as TcR----TcS transformants. Selection of mutagenized DNA by the second endonuclease restriction has increased the mutant yields up to 55.6-78.0% and 10.0-75.4%, respectively. The yield of TcS mutations in the control DNA treated at all stages of experiment, except for mutagen treatment, has reached 0.06% and 0.2%, respectively. 相似文献
3.
THELASERTOMOGRAPHICALMETHODUSINGMINIMUMOFPROJECTIONFORBIOLOGICALOBJECTSTRUCTURESTUDYYuriN.Kulchin;OlegB.Vitrik;OlegV.Kirichei... 相似文献
4.
Multiple attractors,catastrophes and chaos in seasonally perturbed predator-prey communities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A classical predator-prey model is considered in this paper with reference to the case of periodically varying parameters.
Six elementary seasonality mechanisms are identified and analysed in detail by means of a continuation technique producing
complete bifurcation diagrams. The results show that each elementary mechanism can give rise to multiple attractors and that
catastrophic transitions can occur when suitable parameters are slightly changed. Moreover, the two classical routes to chaos,
namely, torus destruction and cascade of period doublings, are numerically detected. Since in the case of constant parameters
the model cannot have multiple attractors, catastrophes and chaos, the results support the conjecture that seasons can very
easily give rise to complex populations dynamics. 相似文献
5.
Visible and infrared spectra of bacteriorhodopsin films under different humidities at room and low temperatures are investigated. On dehydration of purple membranes at room temperatures an additional chromophore state with the absorption band at 506 nm is revealed. The photocycle of purple membranes in the dry state is devoid of the 550 nm intermediate and involves the long-lived intermediate at 412 nm. As water is removed, the 550 nm intermediate becomes undetectable. The analysis of the infrared spectra shows that dehydration does not affect the ordering of the main network of the interpeptide hydrogen bonds which stabilizes the -helical conformation (slightly distorted in the initial humid dark- and light-adapted state); light adaptation (cis-trans isomerization) of bacteriorhodopsin results in an increase of sorbed water in purple membranes. Dehydration of purple membranes decreases the reaction rate of cis-trans isomerization. 相似文献
6.
Michael B. Evgen'ev Grigorii N. Yenikolopov Natalya I. Peunova Yuri V. Ilyin 《Chromosoma》1982,85(3):375-386
In situ hybridization of labeled DNA of four mobile dispersed genetic elements (mdg), isolated from D. melanogaster and C. virilis genomes, with polytene chromosomes of the larvae of several Drosophila species has been carried out. The data show that the mdg elements exhibit a high degree of species specificity. The same conclusions are derived from filter hybridization using 32P-labeled D. melanogaster and D. virilis DNA and cloned mdg sequences immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. We attempted to induce transpositions (jumping) of mdg elements specific for D. virilis chromosomes to the chromosomes of related species (e.g. D. littoralis Meigen) originally lacking the representatives of this family of repeats. For this purpose we produced hybrid stocks with synthetic karyotoypes characterized by different combinations of D. virilis homologous chromosomes and hybrid chromosomes. In one of such stocks we did find by in situ hybridization the insertion of a D. virilis mdg element into the fifth chromosome of D. littoralis Meigen. The transposition (jumping) took place in the only region where somatic pairing between the fifth chromosomes of D. virilis and D. littoralis occurs more or less regularly in the hybrids. Since crossing-over in hybrid chromosomes of males is excluded in such synthetic stocks, gene conversion may be responsible for this transposition. The possible bearing of the phenomenon observed on the problem of hybrid dysgenesis is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Yuri Gamalei 《Trees - Structure and Function》1991,5(1):50-64
Summary Minor vein structure in various taxonomic groups was described in a previous paper (Gamalei 1989). Here, these results are used to correlate minor vein structure with plant evolutionary, ecological and growth form schemes. The following pattern emerges: reductive evolution from evergreen trees to annual herbs is accompanied by gradually increasing symplastic isolation of the mesophyll and the phloem. This evolutionary tendency is confirmed by the ecological spreading and life-form distribution of modern plants with different types of minor vein structure. The meaning of this phenomenon is discussed. Chilling sensitivity of plasmodesmal translocation is considered to be the main reason. It is suggested that phloem loading for assimilate transport is double-routed. The symplastic route is more ancient and more economical for loading. The apoplastic pathway becomes the main or the only route under unfavorable conditions. The existence of a symplast/apoplast regulatory loading mechanism is suggested. The two loading routes differ in their selectivity for products of photosynthesis which changes their symplast/apoplast ratio which, in turn, determines the composition of the sieve tube exudate. The latter will influence growth and morphogenesis. Correlated changes of structure and function related to photosynthesis, loading, translocation and growth, are analysed with respect to life-form evolution. The influence of the pathway of loading on other processes is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Expression of the recombinant antibacterial peptide sarcotoxin IA in Escherichia coli cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Skosyrev VS Kulesskiy EA Yakhnin AV Temirov YV Vinokurov LM 《Protein expression and purification》2003,28(2):350-356
Sarcotoxin IA is an antibacterial peptide that is secreted by a meat-fly Sarcophaga peregrina larva in response to a hypodermic injury or bacterial infection. This peptide is highly toxic against a broad spectrum of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and lethal to microbes even at nanomolar concentrations. However, research needs as well as its potential use in medicine require substantial amounts of highly purified sarcotoxin. Because heterologous expression systems proved to be inefficient due to sarcotoxin sensitivity to intracellular proteases, here we propose the biosynthesis of sarcotoxin precursors in Escherichia coli cells that are highly sensitive to the mature peptide. To optimize its biosynthesis, sarcotoxin was translationally fused with proteins highly expressed in E. coli. A fusion partner and the position of sarcotoxin in the chimeric polypeptide were crucial for protecting the sarcotoxin portion of the fusion protein from proteolysis. Released after chemical cleavage of the fusion protein and purified to homogeneity, sarcotoxin displayed antibacterial activity comparable to that previously reported for the natural peptide. 相似文献
9.
Litvin O Tiunova A Connell-Alberts Y Panchin Y Baranova A 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2006,10(3):613-634
Connexins had been considered to be the only class of the vertebrate proteins capable of gap junction formation; however, new candidates for this function with no homology to connexins, termed pannexins were discovered. So far three pannexins were described in rodent and human genomes: Panx1, Panx2 and Panx3. Expressions of pannexins can be detected in numerous brain structures, and now found both in neuronal and glial cells. Hypothetical roles of pannexins in the nervous system include participating in sensory processing, hippocampal plasticity, synchronization between hippocampus and cortex, and propagation of the calcium waves supported by glial cells, which help maintain and modulate neuronal metabolism. Pannexin also may participate in pathological reactions of the neural cells, including their damage after ischemia and subsequent cell death. Recent study revealed non-gap junction function of Panx1 hemichannels in erythrocytes, where they serve as the conduits for the ATP release in response to the osmotic stress. High-throughput studies produced some evidences of the pannexin involvement in the process of tumorigenesis. According to brain cancer gene expression database REMBRANDT, PANX2 expression levels can predict post diagnosis survival for patients with glial tumors. Further investigations are needed to verify or reject hypotheses listed. 相似文献
10.
Nunes FA Segundo GB Vasconcelos YB Azevedo R Quinet Y 《Revista de biología tropical》2011,59(4):1637-1650
The semi-arid Caatinga is the fourth largest biome of Brazil, which biota still remains one of the most poorly known, especially with regard to invertebrate groups. In this study, a ground-foraging ant assemblage was surveyed during one year and the effect of rainfall on pitfall trapping was assessed. The study was performed in an area located in the municipality of Pentecoste (3 degrees 48' S - 39 degrees 20' W), in the State of Ceará. A 200m transect with 20 equidistant sampling points was established. Transect sampling was performed once a month during 12 months, over the period August 2008-August 2009. At each sampling point, a pitfall trap partially filled with a mixture of ethanol and monoethylene glycol was placed at the beginning of each month and remained in the field for seven days. 39 species belonging to six subfamilies and 19 genera, plus two unidentified species, were collected, with Pheidole (10 spp.) and Camponotus (8 spp.) being the taxa with the most species. 23 species were frequent, being found in more than 50% of the 12 transect samplings. Five species had an intermediate frequency (25 to 50%), while 13 were relatively infrequent (less than 25%). Most of the species (22) showed low occurrence, being found in less than 10% of the 240 samples (20 samples each month, during 12 months). Only five species were collected in more than 50% of the samples, those species being also responsible for most of the total abundance (number of captured individuals of all species) observed each month. The species-accumulation curves (observed and estimated) indicated that sampling sufficiency was attained, and that about 92% of the estimated ground-foraging ant fauna had been collected. 40 and 29 species were collected in the dry and rainy season, respectively, with monthly species richness ranging from 13 to 28. The total ant abundance showed a drastic decrease during the rainy season, and a negative linear correlation was found between rainfall and total ant abundance (R2 = 0.68). A similar negative linear correlation was found for species occurrences against rainfall (R2 = 0.71), and for mean number of species per pitfall trap against rainfall (R2 = 0.71). However, some species showed equal abundance, occurrence and mean number of individuals per pitfall trap in both seasons, while others showed a much higher abundance and occurrence during the rainy season. Pitfall trapping as a method to sample ground-foraging ant assemblage of the Caatinga biome and potential factors responsible for lower pitfall trap performance during rainy season are discussed. 相似文献