脱落酸信号转导研究进展

脱落酸(ABA)对植物生长发育和适应环境胁迫等多方面有重要的调节作用,其信号转导机制非常引人注目,近年来这方面研究进展很快。本文利用现有文献,对脱落酸不敏感和超敏感性突变体、脱落酸的结合位点与受体、ABA信号转导涉及的细胞第二信使（Ca2+、磷酸肌醇、cADPR、阴离子通道与H+）、蛋白质可逆磷酸化以及ABA诱导基因表达所必需的顺式作用元件(cis-acting element) 和反式作用因子trans-acting factor）等几方面的最新研究进展作了介绍。     

水分胁迫下臭柏（Sabina vulgaris Ant.）光合特性和色素组成的季节变化

在室内砾耕栽培条件下,通过培养液中加入PEG(Polyethylene glycol 分子量为6000)以调节溶液渗透势,设置对照、弱水分胁迫和强水分胁迫3种处理 (培养液渗透势分别为0.02,-0.1,-0.34 MPa), 从1997年开始对臭柏进行长期干旱胁迫模拟实验.2003年测定了臭柏叶片光合色素和光合特性的季节变化.结果表明:对照区气孔导度季节变化在5月和9月份形成了典型的双峰曲线.尽管对照区的气孔导度明显高于其他两个处理,但日光合量却低于弱水分胁迫区.3个处理Chl a/b的比值在11月至翌年3月的低温期内均升高,以强水分胁迫区的增幅最大,其它月份该比值在3个处理之间没有显著的差异.3个处理的叶绿素总量(Chl a+b)在生长季的5～9月份均有不同程度的上升,但其中以强水分胁迫区增幅最小.在11月至翌年3月的低温期,各处理均大幅提高叶黄素总量(V+A+Z)和热耗散色素比例(A+Z)/(V+A+Z) (V:紫黄质、A:单环氧玉米黄质、Z:玉米黄质);在5～7月份的生长高峰期,各处理则明显降低了叶黄素总量和热耗散色素比例.这种趋势在强水分胁迫区表现的更为显著.     

针茅内生细菌菌株265ZY4的鉴定及其生物学功能

【目的】为高寒草地针茅(Stipa capillata L.)内生细菌的开发和利用提供理论依据,为生物菌肥的研究提供有价值的菌种资源。【方法】利用常规分离方法从针茅中分离获得菌株265ZY4,采用平板对峙法、Salkowski比色法和钼锑抗比色法对该内生菌进行拮抗能力测定、产IAA以及溶磷、固氮能力测定。根据形态学和16S r RNA序列分析对菌株265ZY4进行鉴定,确定该菌株的分类学地位。【结果】菌株265ZY4对3种马铃薯真菌病害均有较好的抑制作用,且对马铃薯炭疽病(Colletotrichum coccodes)的拮抗作用最明显,抑菌率为83.03%;该菌株能分泌IAA,在不含色氨酸的培养基中的分泌量为9.30 mg/L,且有较好的溶解无机磷的能力,无固氮能力;通过培养性状和形态特征,结合16S r RNA序列分析,将菌株265ZY4鉴定为Bacillus subtilis。【结论】菌株265ZY4鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌B.subtilis,具有溶磷、产IAA等生物学功能,具有开发潜力。     

河南周口地区蚂蚁多样性调查

蚂蚁是地球上最常见的昆虫,也是周口地区土壤动物的优势类群,其种类繁多,种群数量庞大,分布较广,对生态环境的影响十分显著。调查结果显示,在周口地区分布的蚂蚁目前有5亚科18属33种,优势种是铺道蚁Tetramorium caespitum(L.),日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus Mayr、上海举腹蚁Crematogaster zoceensis Santschi。不同生境、不同区域分布的蚂蚁有所不同。     

A novel Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation of p53 inhibits its interaction with MDM2

Purpose: Crosstalk between Aurora-A kinase and p53 has been proposed. While the genetic amplification of Aurora-A has been observed in many human cancers, how p53 is regulated by Aurora-A remains ambiguous. In this study, Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation of p53 was analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to identify a new phosphorylation site. Subsequently, the functional consequences of such phosphorylation were examined. Experimental design: In vitro phosphorylation of p53 by Aurora-A was performed and the phosphorylated protein was then digested with trypsin and enriched for phosphopeptides by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Subsequently, a combination of β-elimination and Michael addition was applied to the phosphopeptides in order to facilitate the identification of phosphorylation sites by MS. The functional consequences of the novel phosphorylation of p53 on the protein–protein interactions, protein stability and transactivation activity were then examined using co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and reporter assays. Results: Ser-106 of p53 was identified as a novel site phosphorylated by Aurora-A. A serine-to-alanine mutation at this site was found to attenuate Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation in vitro. In addition, phosphate-sensitive Phos-tag SDS-PAGE was used to confirm that the Ser-106 of p53 is in vivo phosphorylated by Aurora-A. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation studies suggested that Ser-106 phosphorylation of p53 decreases its interaction with MDM2 and prolongs the half-life of p53. Conclusions: The inhibition of the interaction between p53 and MDM2 by a novel Aurora-A-mediated p53 phosphorylation was identified in this study and this provides important information for further investigations into the interaction between p53 and Aurora-A in terms of cancer biology.     

中国不同地域恒河猴MHC-Ⅰ型部分等位基因的调查

采用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链式反应(PCR-SSP)分型方法对在华南灵长类动物研究中心繁殖的247只中国恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)(其中30只来源于广西、34只来源于海南,183只来源于川西、安徽等内陆地区杂交群)的Mamu-A01、A02、A08、B01和NA7等5个MHC-Ⅰ型分子位点进行检测。结果显示,A01、A02发现于海南群和杂交群,阳性率均小于8.8%;A08发现于杂交群中,阳性率小于3.8%;B01发现于广西群和杂交群,阳性率均大于17.48%;NA7在3个猴群中均有发现,阳性率均大于32.4%。中国不同地域恒河猴群体携带的5个MHC-Ⅰ型等位基因的频率存在明显差异,通过与印度的恒河猴比较,中国恒河猴与印度恒河猴携带的MHC-Ⅰ等位基因也存在显著的差异。     

Active Transport of Membrane Components by Self-Organization of the Min Proteins

Heterogeneous distribution of components in the biological membrane is critical in the process of cell polarization. However, little is known about the mechanisms that can generate and maintain the heterogeneous distribution of the membrane components. Here, we report that the propagating wave patterns of the bacterial Min proteins can impose steric pressure on the membrane, resulting in transport and directional accumulation of the component in the membrane. Therefore, the membrane component waves represent transport of the component in the membrane that is caused by the steric pressure gradient induced by the differential levels of binding and dissociation of the Min proteins in the propagating waves on the membrane surface. The diffusivity, majorly influenced by the membrane anchor of the component, and the repulsed ability, majorly influenced by the steric property of the membrane component, determine the differential spatial distribution of the membrane component. Thus, transportation of the membrane component by the Min proteins follows a simple physical principle, which resembles a linear peristaltic pumping process, to selectively segregate and maintain heterogeneous distribution of materials in the membrane.

蛋白芯片法在抗核抗体检测中的临床应用

目的：应用蛋白芯片法与欧蒙斑点法检测血清抗核抗体,并对其结果进行比较分析。方法：收集95例血清样本,其中45例确诊为自身免疫性疾病,阴性50例,同时采用蛋白芯片法和欧盟斑点法检测其抗核抗体（SSA、SSB、Sm、RNP、Scl—70、Jo-1、CENPB）,并对结果进行对比分析。结果：45例确诊病例中,蛋白芯片法阳性44份,欧蒙斑点法阳性41份,敏感度分别为97．78％和91．11％,特异度分别为98．95％和95．79％;按卡方检验进行结果统计,x^2=1．75,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义。结论：蛋白芯片可用于临床检测自身免疫性疾病、治疗监测、疗效评估和预后判断。