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1.
Caiyun Liu Junjie Xing Xuan Cai Ahmed Hendy Wenhui He Jun Yang Junbing Huang You-Liang Peng Lauren Ryder Xiao-Lin Chen 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(7):2581-2595
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring plays key roles in many biological processes by targeting proteins to the cell wall; however, its roles are largely unknown in plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we reveal the roles of the GPI anchoring in Magnaporthe oryzae during plant infection. The GPI-anchored proteins were found to highly accumulate in appressoria and invasive hyphae. Disruption of GPI7, a GPI anchor-pathway gene, led to a significant reduction in virulence. The Δgpi7 mutant showed significant defects in penetration and invasive growth. This mutant also displayed defects of the cell wall architecture, suggesting GPI7 is required for cell wall biogenesis. Removal of GPI-anchored proteins in the wild-type strain by hydrofluoric acid (HF) pyridine treatment exposed both the chitin and β-1,3-glucans to the host immune system. Exposure of the chitin and β-1,3-glucans was also observed in the Δgpi7 mutant, indicating GPI-anchored proteins are required for immune evasion. The GPI anchoring can regulate subcellular localization of the Gel proteins in the cell wall for appressorial penetration and abundance of which for invasive growth. Our results indicate the GPI anchoring facilitates the penetration of M. oryzae into host cells by affecting the cell wall integrity and the evasion of host immune recognition. 相似文献
2.
Nan Zhang Jiyun Yang Anfei Fang Jiyang Wang Dayong Li Yuejiao Li Shanzhi Wang Fuhao Cui Junjie Yu Yongfeng Liu You-Liang Peng Wenxian Sun 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2020,21(4):445-459
The biotrophic fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens causes rice false smut, a newly emerging plant disease that has become epidemic worldwide in recent years. The U. virens genome encodes many putative effector proteins that, based on the study of other pathosystems, could play an essential role in fungal virulence. However, few studies have been reported on virulence functions of individual U. virens effectors. Here, we report our identification and characterization of the secreted cysteine-rich protein SCRE1, which is an essential virulence effector in U. virens. When SCRE1 was heterologously expressed in Magnaporthe oryzae, the protein was secreted and translocated into plant cells during infection. SCRE1 suppresses the immunity-associated hypersensitive response in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Induced expression of SCRE1 in rice also inhibits pattern-triggered immunity and enhances disease susceptibility to rice bacterial and fungal pathogens. The immunosuppressive activity is localized to a small peptide region that contains an important ‘cysteine-proline-alanine-arginine-serine’ motif. Furthermore, the scre1 knockout mutant generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is attenuated in U. virens virulence to rice, which is greatly complemented by the full-length SCRE1 gene. Collectively, this study indicates that the effector SCRE1 is able to inhibit host immunity and is required for full virulence of U. virens. 相似文献
3.
Kuang Cheng-Hao Zhao Xiao-Fang Yang Ke Zhang Zhi-Peng Ding Li Pu Zhi-En Ma Jian Jiang Qian-Tao Chen Guo-Yue Wang Ji-Rui Wei Yu-Ming Zheng You-Liang Li Wei 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2020,26(6):1295-1307
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - The spike traits of wheat can directly affect yield. F2 and F2:3 lines derived from the cross of the multi-spikelet female 10-A and the uni-spikelet... 相似文献
4.
非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒感染家猪或野猪后引发的一种急性、烈性传染病,主要通过病猪及其周围环境传播,蜱是中间宿主。1921年该病首次暴发于非洲肯尼亚,2018年8月传入我国,目前已有24个省级行政区发生疫情。非洲猪瘟病毒主要经呼吸道和消化道进入猪体内,感染靶细胞主要是单核-巨噬细胞,目前受体还不明确。非洲猪瘟病毒是单分子双链DNA病毒,长度为170~190kb,编码150~200种蛋白,包括多种免疫调控蛋白,可以抵抗机体免疫。非洲猪瘟病毒疫苗研究较多,包括灭活疫苗、减毒疫苗、亚单位疫苗和基因疫苗等,但迄今这些疫苗都不能保护家猪免受非洲猪瘟病毒感染。今后需要对非洲猪瘟病毒及其发病机制做详细系统的研究,为开发有效防治方案提供资料。 相似文献
5.
Yuan-Ying Peng Yu-Ming Wei Bernard R. Baum Ze-Hong Yan Xiu-Jin Lan Shou-Fen Dai You-Liang Zheng 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,121(5):985-1000
The development and application of molecular methods in oats has been relatively slow compared with other crops. Results from
the previous analyses have left many questions concerning species evolutionary relationships unanswered, especially regarding
the origins of the B and D genomes, which are only known to be present in polyploid oat species. To investigate the species
and genome relationships in genus Avena, among 13 diploid (A and C genomes), we used the second intron of the nuclear gene FLORICAULA/LEAFY (FL int2) in seven tetraploid (AB and AC genomes), and five hexaploid (ACD genome) species. The Avena FL int2 is rather long, and high levels of variation in length and sequence composition were found. Evidence for more than one copy
of the FL int2 sequence was obtained for both the A and C genome groups, and the degree of divergence of the A genome copies was greater
than that observed within the C genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the FL int2 sequences resulted in topologies that contained four major groups; these groups reemphasize the major genomic divergence
between the A and C genomes, and the close relationship among the A, B, and D genomes. However, the D genome in hexaploids
more likely originated from a C genome diploid rather than the generally believed A genome, and the C genome diploid A. clauda may have played an important role in the origination of both the C and D genome in polyploids. 相似文献
6.
Identification of novel α-gliadin genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ten novel α-gliadin genes (Gli-ta, Gli-turg1, Gli-turg2, Gli-turg3, Gli-turg4, Gli-turg5, Gli-turg6, Gli-cs1, Gli-cs2, and Gli-cs3) with unique characteristics were isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), among which Gli-cs1, Gli-cs2, Gli-cs3, and Gli-turg6 were pseudogenes. Gli-cs3 and nine other sequences were much larger and smaller, respectively, than the typical α-gliadins. This variation was caused by insertion or deletion of the unique domain I and a polyglutamine region, possibly the result of illegitimate recombination. Consequently, Gli-cs3 contained 10 cysteine residues, whereas there were 2 cysteine residues only in the other nine sequences. Gli-ta/Gli-ta-like α-gliadin genes are normally expressed during the development of seeds. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that in-vitro-expressed Gli-ta could form intermolecular disulphide bonds and could be chain extenders. A protein band similar in size to Gli-ta has been observed in seed extracts, and mass spectrometry results confirm that the band contains small molecular mass α-gliadins, which is a characteristic of the novel α-gliadins. Mass spectrometry results also indicated that the two cysteine residues of Gli-ta/Gli-ta-like proteins participated in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds in vivo. 相似文献
7.
The high-molecular-weight (HMW) prolamines subunits and their coding sequences from wheat-related diploid species Crithopsis delileana were investigated. Only one HMW prolamine subunit with the similar electrophoresis mobility to the y-type HMW glutenin subunit of hexaploid wheat was observed in two accessions of C. delileana by SDS-PAGE analyses of the total storage protein fractions. It was confirmed by sequencing and expression analysis that this prolamine subunit was an x-type subunit. The amino acid sequence of this subunit had the similar typical structure to those of x-type HMW glutenin genes previously described in wheat. An in-frame stop codon was found in the coding sequences of y-type prolamine subunits. It was found by specifically extraction of HMW prolamines and sequence analysis that the coding regions of Ky prolamine subunit gene is very likely to be not expressed as a full-length protein. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Kx subunit could be clustered together with 1Ax1 subunit by an interior paralleled branch, and Ky subunit (inactive) was most closely related to the 1Ay subunit. The coding sequences of Kx subunit could successfully be expressed in bacterial expression system, and the expressed protein had the same electrophoresis mobility as the Kx subunit from the seed of C. delileana. It was the first time that the HMW prolamines subunits encoded by K genome of C. delileana were characterized. 相似文献
8.
Qian-Tao Jiang Yu-Ming Wei Ji-Rui Wang Ze-Hong Yan You-Liang Zheng 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2010,285(3-4):131-138
Sequence polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships from different genomes of 25 diploid species in Triticeae (Poaceae) were evaluated by using the sequences of y-type high-molecular-weight glutenin promoter (y-HGP). The length of the amplified y-HGP sequences ranged from 845 to 915 base pairs (bp) in the 25 species of Triticeae. Multiple sequence alignment showed conserved and variable parts in the y-HGP sequences. Higher sequence conservation was detected in the regulatory elements of y-HGP. An 85-bp deletion was found in eight species of Triticum, Aegilops, and Hordeum. Several species-specific indels were identified in the y-HGP from Psathyrostachys, Hordeum, and Pseudoroegneria. Maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analyses defined an Aegilops/Triticum group consisting of closely related species. A close relationship between Pseudoroegneria and the clade of Australopyrum, Dasypyrum, and Agropyron was also strongly supported in the topologies of MP and Bayesian trees. As y-HGP has sufficient amounts of genetic variation and is a single-copy region in diploid Triticeae, it is useful in phylogenetic analyses of this group. 相似文献
9.
Ribosomal ITS sequences are commonly used for phylogenetic reconstruction because they are included in rDNA repeats, and these repeats often undergo rapid concerted evolution within and between arrays. Therefore, the rDNA ITS copies appear to be virtually identical and can sometimes be treated as a single gene. In this paper we examined ITS polymorphism within and among 13 diploid (A and C genomes), seven tetraploid (AB, AC and CC genomes) and four hexaploid (ACD genome) to infer the extent and direction of concerted evolution, and to reveal the phylogenetic and genome relationship among species of Avena. A total of 170 clones of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fragment were sequenced to carry out haplotype and phylogenetic analysis. In addition, 111 Avena ITS sequences retrieved from GenBank were combined with 170 clones to construct a phylogeny and a network. We demonstrate the major divergence between the A and C genomes whereas the distinction among the A and B/D genomes was generally not possible. High affinity among the A(d) genome species A. damascena and the ACD genome species A. fatua was found, whereas the rest of the ACD genome hexaploids and the AACC tetraploids were highly affiliated with the A(l) genome diploid A. longiglumis. One of the AACC species A. murphyi showed the closest relationship with most of the hexaploid species. Both C(v) and C(p) genome species have been proposed as paternal donors of the C-genome carrying polyploids. Incomplete concerted evolution is responsible for the observed differences among different clones of a single Avena individual. The elimination of C-genome rRNA sequences and the resulting evolutionary inference of hexaploid species are discussed. 相似文献
10.
The compositions of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits from three species of Taenitherum Nevski (TaTa, 2n = 2x = 14), Ta. caput-medusae, Ta. crinitum and Ta. asperum, were investigated by SDS-PAGE analysis. The electrophoresis mobility of the x-type HMW glutenin subunits were slower or
equal to that of wheat HMW glutenin subunit Dx2, and the electrophoresis mobility of the y-type subunits were faster than
that of wheat HMW glutenin subunit Dy12. Two HMW glutenin genes, designated as Tax and Tay, were isolated from Ta. crinitum, and their complete nucleotide coding sequences were determined. Sequencing and multiple sequences alignment suggested that
the HMW glutenin subunits derived from Ta. crinitum had the similar structures to the HMW glutenin subunits from wheat and related species with a signal peptide, and N- and
C-conservative domains flanking by a repetitive domain consisted of the repeated short peptide motifs. However, the encoding
sequences of Tax and Tay had some novel modification compared with the HMW glutenin genes reported so far: (1) A short peptide
with the consensus sequences of KGGSFYP, which was observed in the N-terminal of all known HMW glutenin genes, was absent
in Tax; (2) There is a specified short peptide tandem of tripeptide, hexapeptide and nonapeptide and three tandem of tripeptide
in the repetitive domain of Tax; (3) The amino acid residues number is 105 (an extra Q presented) but not 104 in the N-terminal
of Tay, which was similar to most of y-type HMW glutenin genes from Elytrigia elongata and Crithopsis delileana. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tax subunit was mostly related to Ax1, Cx, Ux and Dx5, and Tay was more related to
Ay, Cy and Ry. 相似文献