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Household‐level correlates of children's physical activity levels in and across 12 countries
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Deirdre M. Harrington Fiona Gillison Stephanie T. Broyles Jean‐Philippe Chaput Mikael Fogelholm Gang Hu Rebecca Kuriyan Anura Kurpad Allana G. LeBlanc Carol Maher Jose Maia Victor Matsudo Timothy Olds Vincent Onywera Olga L. Sarmiento Martyn Standage Mark S. Tremblay Catrine Tudor‐Locke Pei Zhao Peter T. Katzmarzyk for the ISCOLE Research Group 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2016,24(10):2150-2157
3.
Effect of photoperiod and temperature on the development of frost hardiness in three Alnus species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The influence of short day and low temperature on cold acclimation of A. crispa (Ait.) Pursh, A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and A. rubra Bong, was investigated. Two clones of each species originating from in vitro propagation were exposed to three daylength/temperature treatments. Periodically plantlets were exposed to controlled freezing temperature in order to evaluate their level of frost hardiness.
Short day (SD) and cold temperature (CT) and long day (LD) and cold temperature (CT) were the most effective treatments for the development of frost hardiness in shoots and roots of the three species tested. Short day (SD) and warm temperature (WT) induced a significant increase in hardiness in shoots of all three species. However, this treatment did not trigger root hardening. A. crispa was found to be the hardiest species followed by A. glutinosa and A. rubra . Intraspecific variation was observed between the two A. glutinosa clones. A glutinosa clone AG8, a Russian provenance, showed a greater freezing resistance than A. glutinosa clone AG2, a German provenance. 相似文献
Short day (SD) and cold temperature (CT) and long day (LD) and cold temperature (CT) were the most effective treatments for the development of frost hardiness in shoots and roots of the three species tested. Short day (SD) and warm temperature (WT) induced a significant increase in hardiness in shoots of all three species. However, this treatment did not trigger root hardening. A. crispa was found to be the hardiest species followed by A. glutinosa and A. rubra . Intraspecific variation was observed between the two A. glutinosa clones. A glutinosa clone AG8, a Russian provenance, showed a greater freezing resistance than A. glutinosa clone AG2, a German provenance. 相似文献
4.
C C?té D Tremblay H Riverin P Frémont P A Rogers 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》1989,67(6):645-649
We tested the effects of inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase activity of rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles on the isometric contractile properties and the resistance to fatigue. SOL and EDL muscles from female rats were incubated in vitro in the presence of methazolamide, a specific inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, before determining their contractile properties. Methazolamide had no effects on the contractile properties of the soleus muscle (10(-5) or 10(-3) M) and extensor digitorum longus (10(-3) M), except for the half-relaxation time of the soleus muscle which increased significantly. Values for half-relaxation time were significantly increased with both concentrations of the inhibitor. Muscles were then submitted to a fatigue protocol lasting 30 min. During the fatigue test, no significant difference was observed between control and 10(-5) M methazolamide soleus muscles. In presence of 10(-3) M methazolamide however, the soleus muscle showed a significantly increased resistance to fatigue compared with control preparations. No significant effect was observed with the extensor digitorum longus muscle exposed to 10(-3) M methazolamide. Results are discussed in terms of the presence of two different isoforms of carbonic anhydrase that may be associated with calcium uptake and energy metabolic processes, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Mature trees of European grey alder (Alnus incana) were micropropagated on a modified MS medium containing 2.5 M BA, 6.2 mM (500 mg l-1) NH4NO3 and 1.5% glucose. Prior to in vitro culture, mature scions were multiplied through grafting and cutting techniques. Shoot tips from cuttings were established in vitro. After six months of culture, shoots were rooted either in vitro or in vivo and plantlets were transferred to greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
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为了探讨高原低氧对机体无氧代谢阈值(AT)的影响,本研究采用Wasserman无创性方法,分别测定了11名新兵在平原(四川淮口,海拔500m)和经空运进驻高原 (西藏错那,海拔4370m)后的第3、5、7和14天的AT。结果表明:新兵进驻高原后AT由平原的813.6±147.4kg·m/min降低到395.5±194.5 kg·m/min(P<0.01);高原低氧引起AT的降低幅度与受试者平原AT的高低呈正相关(r=0.933,P<0.01);进驻高原后第3、5、7天AT维持在较低水平,随后呈上升趋势。但移居高原1年战士的AT仍低于平原水平(P<0.05)。提示,高原低氧能够显著地降低机体的AT,并且AT越高的个体进驻高原后受低氧环境的影响程度越大。 相似文献
8.
Acid alpha-glucosidase and L-carnitine (a well-known epididymal marker) were measured in rete testis and epididymal fluids of adult male rams. These fluids were collected by selective catheterization or by a micropuncture technique, respectively. Both parameters remained at a low and constant level in rete testis and all along caput and corpus epididymidis. Then they increased at equivalent rates in cauda epididymidis to much higher levels than those in seminal plasma (5 mU/mg protein and 10 mM, respectively). An optimum pH study of alpha-glucosidase activity in these fluids showed two well-separated peaks in rete testis and caput epididymal fluids around pH 4 and 7, respectively, but only a single peak at pH 4 in cauda epididymidis that was comparable to the one in seminal plasma. Sucrose density gradient fractions analyzed for their enzyme content in the absence or presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1% w/v), a selective inhibitor of acid alpha-glucosidase activity, allowed the demonstration of two enzyme forms at pH 6.8 in rete testis fluid sedimenting in the 7S and 4S regions of the gradient, while a unique 4S form was encountered in cauda epididymidis and in seminal plasma. Although the fate of the minor 7S component of the rete testis fluid in its epididymal transit is presently unknown, similarities between the enzyme in cauda epididymidis and seminal plasma are strong enough to support the hypothesis that epididymis contributes primarily to the acid alpha-glucosidase content of ram seminal plasma. 相似文献
9.
Vasectomy leads to a drastic decrease of neutral alpha-1,4-glucosidase from human seminal plasma. The nature of this residual enzyme activity has been ascertained according to optimum pH and sucrose density gradient analysis with or without inhibitors of neutral (maltotriose) or acid (sodium dodecyl sulfate) alpha-1,4-glucosidase. Data from the present study provide strong evidence that the enzyme content of the seminal plasma is of mixed nature after exclusion of the epididymis. 相似文献
10.
Tremblay A.; Poehlman E. T.; Nadeau A.; Dussault J.; Bouchard C. 《Journal of applied physiology》1987,62(2):539-544
The present study investigated the role of heredity in determining changes in the energy cost of submaximal exercise in response to short-term overfeeding. Six pairs of monozygotic twins were subjected to a 1,000 kcal/day surplus for 22 days with careful experimental controls over food intake and physical activities. O2 consumption (VO2) was measured during a submaximal treadmill exercise test 165 min postprandially before and the morning after the overfeeding protocol. As expected, overfeeding induced significant increases in body weight and fat mass. No significant increase in mean exercise VO2 was observed after overfeeding. However, the interindividual variation in overfeeding-induced changes in exercise VO2 was large and not randomly distributed. When comparing intrapair variance for changes in exercise VO2 to interpair variance, a moderate to high within-pair resemblance in response, i.e., a genotype-overfeeding interaction, was observed. Changes in exercise VO2 were positively correlated with those in postexercise levels of blood catecholamines, particularly epinephrine. A negative correlation was found between changes in exercise VO2 and body fat gain. These results are consistent with the concept of a role for the sympathoadrenal system in the regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and the predisposition to store fat. Moreover, these data suggest that the sensitivity to adapt in exercise energy expenditure after overfeeding is inherited to a significant extent. 相似文献