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Matrix population models indicate that bark harvest of two medicinal plants in Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is sustainable 下载免费PDF全文
Suzanne M. Stas Else M. Langbroek Robert Bitariho Douglas Sheil Pieter A. Zuidema 《African Journal of Ecology》2017,55(1):30-36
Balancing forest conservation with resource extraction by local people is challenging. In the mountain forests of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda, this was addressed by permitting regulated access to certain forest products in specific areas by authorized local people. However, it remained unclear whether harvest levels were biologically sustainable. Here, we used matrix population models and long‐term data to examine the impacts of bark harvesting on population dynamics of two important medicinal plants, Rytigynia kigeziensis and Ocotea usambarensis, in Bwindi. Only 4% of R. kigeziensis and 3% of O. usambarensis stems (>1.3 m height) showed signs of bark harvest, mostly mild harvesting. We found that the harvested populations of both species appeared stable or will moderately grow in the long run. Modelled population growth rates were mostly determined by survival probabilities. Similarity between the stable stage distributions predicted by the model and observed population structures suggests that our estimated vital rates (growth, recruitment and survival rates) are a reasonable representation of actual values in these populations. Thus, recent harvest levels of R. kigeziensis and O. usambarensis appear sustainable. Nonetheless, monitoring of harvested and unharvested populations by tagging, marking and remeasuring individuals should continue for both species. 相似文献
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Metabolic Maturation during Muscle Stem Cell Differentiation Is Achieved by miR-1/133a-Mediated Inhibition of the Dlk1-Dio3 Mega Gene Cluster 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Alexander W Wyatt Fan Mo Kendric Wang Brian McConeghy Sonal Brahmbhatt Lina Jong Devon M Mitchell Rebecca L Johnston Anne Haegert Estelle Li Janet Liew Jake Yeung Raunak Shrestha Anna V Lapuk Andrew McPherson Robert Shukin Robert H Bell Shawn Anderson Jennifer Bishop Antonio Hurtado-Coll Hong Xiao Arul M Chinnaiyan Rohit Mehra Dong Lin Yuzhuo Wang Ladan Fazli Martin E Gleave Stanislav V Volik Colin C Collins 《Genome biology》2014,15(8)
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Blendea MC Jacobs D Stump CS McFarlane SI Ogrin C Bahtyiar G Stas S Kumar P Sha Q Ferrario CM Sowers JR 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2005,288(2):E353-E359
To evaluate the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-mediated oxidative stress in insulin resistance (IR), we compared the effects of the angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan and a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, on whole body glucose tolerance and soleus muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in transgenic hypertensive TG(mREN-2)27 (Ren-2) rats. Ren-2 rats and Sprague-Dawley (SD) controls were given valsartan (30 mg/kg) or tempol (1 mmol/l) in their drinking water for 21 days. IR was measured by glucose tolerance testing (1 g/kg glucose ip). IR index (AUC(glucose) x AUC(insulin)) was significantly higher in the Ren-2 animals compared with SD controls (30.5 +/- 7.0 x 10(6) arbitrary units in Ren-2 vs. 10.2 +/- 2.4 x 10(6) in SD, P < 0.01). Both valsartan and tempol treatment normalized Ren-2 IR index. Compared with SD controls (100%), there was a significant increase in superoxide anion production (measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) in soleus muscles of Ren-2 rats (133 +/- 15%). However, superoxide production was reduced in both valsartan- and tempol-treated (85 +/- 22% and 59 +/- 12%, respectively) Ren-2 rats. Insulin (INS)-mediated 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake (%SD basal levels) was substantially lower in Ren-2 rat soleus muscle compared with SD (Ren-2 + INS = 110 +/- 3% vs. SD + INS = 206 +/- 12%, P < 0.05). However, Ren-2 rats treated with valsartan or tempol exhibited a significant increase in insulin-mediated 2-DG uptake compared with untreated transgenic animals. Improvements in skeletal muscle insulin-dependent glucose uptake and whole body IR in rats overexpressing ANG II by ARB or SOD mimetic indicate that oxidative stress plays an important role in ANG II-mediated insulin resistance. 相似文献
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Francois Rineau Jelle Stas Nhu H. Nguyen Thomas W. Kuyper Robert Carleer Jaco Vangronsveld Jan V. Colpaert Peter G. Kennedy 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2016,82(5):1391-1400
In temperate and boreal forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) limitation of tree metabolism is alleviated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. As forest soils age, the primary source of N in soil switches from inorganic (NH4+ and NO3−) to organic (mostly proteins). It has been hypothesized that ECM fungi adapt to the most common N source in their environment, which implies that fungi growing in older forests would have greater protein degradation abilities. Moreover, recent results for a model ECM fungal species suggest that organic N uptake requires a glucose supply. To test the generality of these hypotheses, we screened 55 strains of 13 Suillus species with different ecological preferences for their in vitro protein degradation abilities. Suillus species preferentially occurring in mature forests, where soil contains more organic matter, had significantly higher protease activity than those from young forests with low-organic-matter soils or species indifferent to forest age. Within species, the protease activities of ecotypes from soils with high or low soil organic N content did not differ significantly, suggesting resource partitioning between mineral and organic soil layers. The secreted protease mixtures were strongly dominated by aspartic peptidases. Glucose addition had variable effects on secreted protease activity; in some species, it triggered activity, but in others, activity was repressed at high concentrations. Collectively, our results indicate that protease activity, a key ectomycorrhizal functional trait, is positively related to environmental N source availability but is also influenced by additional factors, such as carbon availability. 相似文献
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Hayden MR Karuparthi PR Habibi J Lastra G Patel K Wasekar C Manrique CM Ozerdem U Stas S Sowers JR 《Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)》2008,233(9):1109-1123
CONTEXT: The transgenic human islet amyloid polypeptide (HIP) rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) parallels the functional and structural changes in human islets with T2DM. OBJECTIVE: The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was utilized to observe the ultrastructural changes in islet microcirculation. METHODS: Pancreatic tissue from male Sprague Dawley rats (2, 4, 8, 14 months) were used as controls (SDC) and compared to the 2-, 4-, 8- and 14-month-old HIP rat models. RESULTS: The 2-month-old HIP model demonstrated no islet or microcirculation remodeling changes when compared to the SDC models. The 4-month-old HIP model demonstrated significant pericapillary amyloid deposition and diminution of pericyte foot processes as compared to the SDC models. The 8-month-old model demonstrated extensive islet amyloid deposition associated with pericyte and beta-cell apoptosis when compared with SDC. The 14-month-old HIP model demonstrated a marked reduction of beta-cells and intra-islet capillaries with near complete replacement of islets by amyloidoses. Increased cellularity in the region of the islet exocrine interface was noted in the 4- to 14-month-old HIP models as compared to SDC. In contrast to intra-islet capillary rarefaction there was noticeable angiogenesis in the islet exocrine interface. Pericytes seemed to be closely associated with collagenosis, intra-islet adipogenesis and angiogenesis in the islet exocrine interface. CONCLUSION: The above novel findings regarding the microcirculation and pericytes could assist researchers and clinicians in a better morphological understanding of T2DM and lead to new strategies for prevention and treatment of T2DM. 相似文献
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Although cancer progression is often associated with genome rearrangements, little is known about the detailed genomic architecture of tumor genomes. The attempt to reconstruct the genomic organization of a tumor genome recently resulted in the development of the End Sequence Profiling (ESP) technique, and the application of this technique to human MCF7 tumor cells. We formulate the ESP Genome Reconstruction Problem, and develop an algorithm to solve this problem in the case of sparse ESP data. We apply our algorithm to analyze human MCF7 tumor cells, and obtain the first reconstruction of the putative architecture of human MCF7 tumor genome. Our results assist in the ongoing ESP analysis of MCF7 tumors by suggesting additional ESP experiments for the completion of a reliable reconstruction of the MCF7 tumor genome, and by focusing BAC re-sequencing efforts. 相似文献
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Anželika Kurilčik Renata Miklušytė-Čanova Stasė Dapkūnienė Silva Žilinskaitė Genadij Kurilčik Gintautas Tamulaitis Pavelas Duchovskis Artūras Žukauskas 《Central European Journal of Biology》2008,3(2):161-167
Effects of illumination spectrum on the morphogenesis of chrysanthemum plantlets (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Ellen’) grown in vitro were studied using an illumination system consisting of four groups of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the following spectral
regions: blue (450nm), red (640nm), red (660nm), and far-red (735nm). Taking into account all differences in shoot height,
root length, and fresh and dry weight (FW and DW, respectively), observed while changing the total photon flux density (PFD),
the optimal total PFD for growth of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro was estimated. For 16 h photoperiod and typical fractions of the spectral components (14%, 50%, 28%, and 8%, respectively),
the optimal total PFD was found to be 40 μmol m−2 s−1. Our study shows that the blue component in the illumination spectrum inhibits the plantlet extension and formation of roots
and simultaneously increases the DW to FW ratio and content of photosynthetic pigments. We demonstrate photomorphogenetic
effects in the blue region and its interaction with the fractional PFD of the far-red spectral component. Under constant fractional
PFD of the blue component, the root number, length of roots and stems, and fresh weight of the plantlets have a correlated
nonmonotonous dependence on the fractional PFD of the far-red component. 相似文献