全文获取类型
收费全文 | 319篇 |
免费 | 66篇 |
专业分类
385篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 11篇 |
1968年 | 10篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有385条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jeff A Johnson Heather RL Lerner Pamela C Rasmussen David P Mindell 《BMC evolutionary biology》2006,6(1):65-12
Background
Populations of the Oriental White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) have declined by over 95% within the past decade. This decline is largely due to incidental consumption of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory veterinary pharmaceutical diclofenac, commonly used to treat domestic livestock. The conservation status of other Gyps vultures in southern Asia is also of immediate concern, given the lack of knowledge regarding status of their populations and the continuing existence of taxonomic uncertainties. In this study, we assess phylogenetic relationships for all recognized species and the majority of subspecies within the genus Gyps. The continuing veterinary use of diclofenac is an unknown but potential risk to related species with similar feeding habits to Gyps bengalensis. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the phylogenetic relationships among Gyps vultures should aid in their conservation by clarifying taxonomic uncertainties, and enabling inference of their respective relatedness to susceptible G. bengalensis. 相似文献2.
An assessment of the behavioral toxicity of high-energy iron particles compared to other qualities of radiation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Conditioned taste aversion was used to evaluate the behavioral toxicity of exposure to high-energy iron particles (56Fe, 600 MeV/amu) in comparison to that of gamma photons (60Co), high-energy electrons, or fission neutrons. Exposure to high-energy iron particles (5-500 cGy) produced a dose-dependent taste aversion with a maximal effect achieved with a dose of 30 cGy. Gamma photons and electrons were the least effective stimuli for producing a conditioned taste aversion, with a maximal aversion obtained only after exposure to 500 cGy, while the effectiveness of fission neutrons was intermediate to that of photons and iron particles, and a maximal aversion was obtained with a dose of 100 cGy. In the second experiment, rats with lesions of the area postrema were exposed to iron particles (30 cGy), but failed to acquire a taste aversion. The results indicate that (1) high-energy iron particles are more toxic than other qualities of radiation and (2) similar mechanisms mediate the behavioral toxicity of gamma photons and high-energy iron particles. 相似文献
3.
4.
W E Paul J Mizuguchi M Brown K Nakanishi P Hornbeck E Rabin J Ohara 《Cellular immunology》1986,99(1):7-13
Lymphocyte growth and differentiation are controlled by signals resulting from the interaction of antigen and cellular products, such as lymphokines, with specific cell membrane receptors. Resting B lymphocytes can be activated by low concentrations (1-5 micrograms/ml) of antibodies to membrane IgM, which is the B-lymphocyte receptor for antigen. The binding of anti-IgM to B cells causes a rapid increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), in inositol phosphate concentration, and in protein kinase activity. Moreover, the effects of anti-IgM on B cells are mimicked by the combined use of calcium ionophores and phorbol esters. Since phorbol esters activate protein kinase c, this suggests that the increase in [Ca2+]i and in phosphatidylinositol metabolism stimulated by anti-IgM are critical events in B-cell activation. The entry into S phase of B cells stimulated with anti-IgM depends on the action of a T-cell-derived factor designated B-cell stimulatory factor (BSF)-1. This is a 20,000-Da protein which is a powerful inducer of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. Although an important cofactor for B-cell proliferative responses to anti-IgM, its major locus of action is on resting B cells. B cells stimulated with anti-IgM and BSF-1 do not synthesize secretory IgM. However, if two additional T-cell-derived factors, B151-TRF and interleukin-2, are added to cultures, a substantial proportion of stimulated B cells produce secretory IgM. BSF-1 has also been shown to participate in the "switch" in Ig class expression. Resting B cells cultured with lipopolysaccharide will switch to IgG1 secretion in the presence of purified BSF-1. 相似文献
5.
Assignment of the porcine major histocompatibility complex to chromosome 7 by in situ hybridization 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The major histocompatibility complex (SLA) of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) was regionally mapped to 7p12----q12 by in situ hybridization with an SLA class I-specific recombinant DNA probe. This localization contradicts linkage data suggesting a possible assignment of the SLA locus to porcine chromosome 15. 相似文献
6.
T-cell-mediated regression of "spontaneous" and of Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in vitro: studies with cyclosporin A 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
A B Rickinson M Rowe I J Hart Q Y Yao L E Henderson H Rabin M A Epstein 《Cellular immunology》1984,87(2):646-658
The regression of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-transformed B-cell outgrowth which is seen in experimentally-infected cultures of blood mononuclear (UM) cells from healthy seropositive donors can be abolished in medium containing the T-cell-suppressive agent cyclosporin A (CSA) at concentrations of 0.05 microgram/ml and above. CSA mediates its effect within the first 4 days post-infection of the UM cells and this prevents subsequent in vitro generation of the EB virus-specific cytotoxic-T-cell response which normally brings about regression. Regression can be fully restored by supplementing the CSA-treated culture with interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing culture supernatants or indeed with purified IL-2 itself, suggesting that CSA mediates its effect in this system through inhibiting the endogenous production of IL-2 which is required to amplify the virus-specific cytotoxic response. "Spontaneous transformation" to EB virus genome-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines in noninfected cultures of UM cells from healthy seropositive donors, though rare in normal medium, is enhanced to such a degree in the presence of CSA that, for many donors, the phenomenon becomes titratable against input cell dose across the 2.0 X 10(6)-2.5 X 10(5) cells/culture range. Cell mixing experiments suggest that the spontaneously transformed cell lines which arise with such efficiency under these conditions do so not by direct in vitro outgrowth of progenitor cells transformed by the virus in vivo, but by a two-step mechanism involving virus release and secondary infection in vitro. 相似文献
7.
Attenuation of radiation- and drug-induced conditioned taste aversions following area postrema lesions in the rat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of lesions of the area postrema on the acquisition of radiation- and drug-induced (histamine and lithium chloride) conditioned taste aversions were investigated. The results indicated that area postrema lesions caused a significant attenuation of the aversion produced by pairing a novel sucrose solution with radiation (100 rad) or drug injection. Further, the area postrema lesions produced a similar level of attenuation of the taste aversion in all three treatment conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the implications of this finding for defining the mechanisms by which exposure to ionizing radiation can lead to the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Comparability of two tests of olfactory functioning 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
In the first of two comparisons, 50 patients who came to theConnecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) withvarious chemosensory complaints were evaluated by a dual threshold/odoridentification test administered in the CCCRC and by the self-administeredUniversity of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).Agreement between tests proved high, with a correlation coefficientof 0.92. The UPSIT correlated better with the odor identificationcomponent than with the threshold component of the CCCRC test.This disparity stemmed largely from limitations in the reliabilityof the threshold component. An increase in the stringency ofthe criterion for determination of threshold increased the reliabilityof this component and, in a second comparison with a total of58 patients and controls, the correlation between the UPSITand CCCRC test increased. With the more stringent criterion,the correlation equalled 0.96.
2Present address: International Flavors and Fragrances, Researchand Development, Union Beach, NJ 07735, USA 相似文献