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1.
A G Pogorelov 《Tsitologiia》1990,32(11):1120-1124
The contents of K, Cl and Na in the mucus containing compartments of rat small intestine epithelium were examined with X-ray microanalysis. Measurements of concentration were made on sections prepared according to techniques based on cryofixation of soft biological tissues. The concentration of potassium and chlorine within the brush border region and in the secretion product of goblet cells is 200 mM and 90 mM, respectively, while sodium concentration was lower than the detection limit of 20 mM of the method used. 相似文献
2.
A rat small intestine mucosa is shown to accumulate significant amount of potassium and chloride. There was found a correlation between the content of these chemical elements and glycoprotein compartmentalization in goblet cell secret, brush border of enterocytes and a mucus layer. In this connection a role of mucus glycoproteins in membrane digestion is discussed. For preparation of samples the cryotechniques of electron microscopy are used. 相似文献
3.
Melanoma is the most lethal cutaneous cancer with a highly aggressive and metastatic phenotype. While recent genetic and epigenetic studies have shed new insights into the mechanism of melanoma development, the involvement of regulatory non‐coding RNAs remain unclear. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of endogenous non‐protein‐coding RNAs with the capacity to regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Recent evidences have shown that lncRNAs can regulate many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. In the melanoma, deregulation of a number of lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, BANCR, ANRIL, SPRY‐IT1 and SAMMSON, have been reported. Our review summarizes the functional role of lncRNAs in melanoma and their potential clinical application for diagnosis, prognostication and treatment. 相似文献
4.
Wandong Zhang Katerina V. Savelieva David T. Tran Vladimir M. Pogorelov Emily B. Cullinan Kevin B. Baker Kenneth A. Platt Sean Hu Indrani Rajan Nianhua Xu Thomas H. Lanthorn 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Receptor tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPRG, or RPTPγ) is a mammalian receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase which is highly expressed in the nervous system as well as other tissues. Its function and biochemical characteristics remain largely unknown. We created a knockdown (KD) line of this gene in mouse by retroviral insertion that led to 98–99% reduction of RPTPγ gene expression. The knockdown mice displayed antidepressive-like behaviors in the tail-suspension test, confirming observations by Lamprianou et al. 2006. We investigated this phenotype in detail using multiple behavioral assays. To see if the antidepressive-like phenotype was due to the loss of phosphatase activity, we made a knock-in (KI) mouse in which a mutant, RPTPγ C1060S, replaced the wild type. We showed that human wild type RPTPγ protein, expressed and purified, demonstrated tyrosine phosphatase activity, and that the RPTPγ C1060S mutant was completely inactive. Phenotypic analysis showed that the KI mice also displayed some antidepressive-like phenotype. These results lead to a hypothesis that an RPTPγ inhibitor could be a potential treatment for human depressive disorders. In an effort to identify a natural substrate of RPTPγ for use in an assay for identifying inhibitors, “substrate trapping” mutants (C1060S, or D1028A) were studied in binding assays. Expressed in HEK293 cells, these mutant RPTPγs retained a phosphorylated tyrosine residue, whereas similarly expressed wild type RPTPγ did not. This suggested that wild type RPTPγ might auto-dephosphorylate which was confirmed by an in vitro dephosphorylation experiment. Using truncation and mutagenesis studies, we mapped the auto-dephosphorylation to the Y1307 residue in the D2 domain. This novel discovery provides a potential natural substrate peptide for drug screening assays, and also reveals a potential functional regulatory site for RPTPγ. Additional investigation of RPTPγ activity and regulation may lead to a better understanding of the biochemical underpinnings of human depression. 相似文献
5.
A. G. Pogorelov A. A. Smirnov V. N. Pogorelova 《Russian Journal of Developmental Biology》2016,47(2):99-102
The given paper summarizes the data on the early mammalian embryo development in culture media containing low oxygen concentration. Experimental results on in vitro modeling the hypoxia for preimplantation development are reviewed. Hypoxic conditions were shown to be available in the female reproductive tract of different mammalian species. The estimation of the embryo developing in vitro exhibits that lower oxygen level in culture media improves embryonic quality. 相似文献
6.
The distributions of K, Na, Mg and Ca within frog ovarian and oviductal oocytes were studied by electron probe wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis. An important heterogeneity could be found both in nuclear and jelly coated oocytes. The highest K, Mg and, to a lesser extent, Na concentrations were found in the pigmented area of the peripheral cytoplasm. There is a certain correlation between the distribution of K and Mg. The concentration of K (but not of Na) in the nucleus was higher than that in the non-pigmented cytoplasm. The distribution of Ca was rather uniform. The high amounts of K, Na and S determined in the oocyte jelly coat seem to have become accumulated by ion-exchange mechanism. Oocyte pigment granules are believed to be the site of ion compartmentalization and to play a role in regulation of intracellular ionic composition. 相似文献
7.
Electron probe microanalysis was employed to determine the elemental concentration (K,Na,Cl) in a myocyte on cryosections of the papillary muscle of the isolated rat (Wistar) heart. Protocols of global ischemia and ischemic conditions under glucose-free anoxic perfusion were applied. It was shown that global ischemia induces potassium deficiency (94 +/- 2 mM) in the myocyte and an increase in the level of sodium (72 +/- 4 mM) and chlorine (42 +/- 1 mM) in the cytoplasm compared with intact cell (122 +/- 2; 36 +/- 1; 24 +/- 1 mM). Glucose-free anoxic perfusion leads to a smooth fall of potassium concentration in the cell up to 54 +/- 2 mM with the retention of intracellular sodium (40 +/- 1 mM) and chlorine (26 +/- 1 mM) level. The present finding suggest that, in early ischemia, specific membrane mechanisms of ion transport are activated. Among these are KNa channel, Hi(+)-Nao+ exchange, KATP channel, lactate transport from the cell, associated either with potassium efflux to the extracellular space or chlorine influx into the myocyte. It is assumed that Na/K-ATPase is also activated under ischemic conditions. 相似文献
8.
Zoubovsky SP Pogorelov VM Taniguchi Y Kim SH Yoon P Nwulia E Sawa A Pletnikov MV Kamiya A 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2011,(4):905-712
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) forms nitric oxide (NO), which functions as a signaling molecule via S-nitrosylation of various proteins and regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (cGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the central nervous system. nNOS signaling regulates diverse cellular processes during brain development and molecular mechanisms required for higher brain function. Human genetics have identified nNOS and several downstream effectors of nNOS as risk genes for schizophrenia. Besides the disease itself, nNOS has also been associated with prefrontal cortical functioning, including cognition, of which disturbances are a core feature of schizophrenia. Although mice with genetic deletion of nNOS display various behavioral deficits, no studies have investigated prefrontal cortex-associated behaviors. Here, we report that nNOS knockout (KO) mice exhibit hyperactivity and impairments in contextual fear conditioning, results consistent with previous reports. nNOS KO mice also display mild impairments in object recognition memory. Most importantly, we report for the first time working memory deficits, potential impairments in prefrontal cortex mediated cognitive function in nNOS KO mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), another genetic risk factor for schizophrenia that plays roles for cortical development and prefrontal cortex functioning, including working memory, is a novel protein binding partner of nNOS in the developing cerebral cortex. Of note, genetic deletion of nNOS appears to increase the binding of DISC1 to NDEL1, regulating neurite outgrowth as previously reported. These results suggest that nNOS KO mice are useful tools in studying the role of nNOS signaling in cortical development and prefrontal cortical functioning. 相似文献
9.
Priscila R Moreira Marcos A Maioli Hyllana CD Medeiros Marieli Guelfi Flávia TV Pereira Fábio E Mingatto 《Biological research》2014,47(1)
Background
The liver is an important organ for its ability to transform xenobiotics, making the liver tissue a prime target for toxic substances. The carotenoid bixin present in annatto is an antioxidant that can protect cells and tissues against the deleterious effects of free radicals. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of bixin on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.Results
The animals were divided into four groups with six rats in each group. CCl4 (0.125 mL kg-1 body wt.) was injected intraperitoneally, and bixin (5.0 mg kg-1 body wt.) was given by gavage 7 days before the CCl4 injection. Bixin prevented the liver damage caused by CCl4, as noted by the significant decrease in serum aminotransferases release. Bixin protected the liver against the oxidizing effects of CCl4 by preventing a decrease in glutathione reductase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione and NADPH. The peroxidation of membrane lipids and histopathological damage of the liver was significantly prevented by bixin treatment.Conclusion
Therefore, we can conclude that the protective effect of bixin against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 is related to the antioxidant activity of the compound. 相似文献10.
Yifei Qi Xi Cheng Jumin Lee Josh?V. Vermaas Taras?V. Pogorelov Emad Tajkhorshid Soohyung Park Jeffery?B. Klauda Wonpil Im 《Biophysical journal》2015,109(10):2012-2022
Slow diffusion of the lipids in conventional all-atom simulations of membrane systems makes it difficult to sample large rearrangements of lipids and protein-lipid interactions. Recently, Tajkhorshid and co-workers developed the highly mobile membrane-mimetic (HMMM) model with accelerated lipid motion by replacing the lipid tails with small organic molecules. The HMMM model provides accelerated lipid diffusion by one to two orders of magnitude, and is particularly useful in studying membrane-protein associations. However, building an HMMM simulation system is not easy, as it requires sophisticated treatment of the lipid tails. In this study, we have developed CHARMM-GUI HMMM Builder (http://www.charmm-gui.org/input/hmmm) to provide users with ready-to-go input files for simulating HMMM membrane systems with/without proteins. Various lipid-only and protein-lipid systems are simulated to validate the qualities of the systems generated by HMMM Builder with focus on the basic properties and advantages of the HMMM model. HMMM Builder supports all lipid types available in CHARMM-GUI and also provides a module to convert back and forth between an HMMM membrane and a full-length membrane. We expect HMMM Builder to be a useful tool in studying membrane systems with enhanced lipid diffusion. 相似文献