1 Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera in two sites of the Upper Rhône River (France) were examined using multivariate analyses to determine: (i) relationships among seventeen species traits; (ii) habitat utilization of the fifty-five species present; (iii) the relationship between species traits and habitat utilization; (iv) trends of species traits and species richness in a framework of spatial and temporal habitat variability.
2 The species traits having the highest correlation ratios correspond to reproduction or life cycle, behavioural, and morphological characteristics. According to their traits, species of Baetidae, Caenidae, and Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) are opposite species of Perlidae and Perlodidae (Plecoptera).
3 The distribution of species in thirteen habitat types of the Upper Rhône River floodplain demonstrates a transverse gradient from the main channel to the oxbow lakes. Plecoptera are restricted to the different main channel habitats; in contrast, Ephemeroptera families have a broader distribution with Baetidae and Leptophlebiidae occurring in most floodplain habitats.
4 Plecoptera exhibit a significant relationship between species traits and habitat utilization but no relationship is evident for Ephemeroptera. Baetidae use many habitat types and have diverse species traits; in contrast, Leptophlebiidae, Heptageniidae, and Caenidae use many habitat types but each family has a rather uniform set of traits.
5 Trends in species traits were significantly related to both the spatial and temporal variability of habitats. Considering only temporal variability, the distribution of species trait modalities (= categories) corresponded well to predictions on trends in the river habitat templet for ‘minimum age at reproduction’ and ‘potential longevity’, and in general for ‘descendants per reproductive cycle’, ‘reproductive cycles per year’, ‘potential size’, and ‘body flexibility’ trends in six other traits did not match predictions.
6 No trends in species richness were evident in spatial–temporal framework of habitat variability.
Abstract: Genera of Palaeontinidae (Insecta, Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) are reviewed based on some newly-discovered material. An updated list of palaeontinid genera is provided. The genus Palaeontinopsis Martynov is assigned to Palaeontinidae incertae sedis . A new genus and species, Ningchengia aspera gen. et sp. nov., is described based on forewings and hindwings from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Fletcheriana colorata Wang, Zhang and Fang and F . minuta Wang, Zhang and Fang are transferred to Suljuktocossus and Ningchengia respectively, resulting in Suljuktocossus coloratus comb. nov. and Ningchengia minuta comb. nov. Papilioncossus Wang, Ren and Shih, 2007 syn. nov. is considered to be a junior synonym of Eoiocossus Wang and Zhang, 2006 and Quadraticossus Wang and Ren 2007 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Sinopalaeocossus Hong, 1983 . The genus Fletcheriana is believed to represent a transition between Dunstaniidae and Palaeontinidae. This result is consistent with the previous view that Dunstaniidae is ancestral to Palaeontinidae. Furthermore, Suljuktocossus is a transitional genus between Fletcheriana and Cretaceous palaeontinids. The fusion of veins RP and M1 in the palaeontinid hindwings implies a change of the mechanism of flight and an improvement in flight ability. The presence of a reduced costal area and the rigid basal leading edge of the palaeontinid forewings suggest gain of lift. 相似文献
本文报道了黑蛋巢菌属Cyathus四个新种和二个新变种,它们分别是:内蒙黑蛋巢菌Cyathus neimonggolensis Liu et Y.M.Li,盘柄黑蛋巢菌C.discostipltatus Liu et Y.M.Li,太原黑蛋巢菌C.taiyuanensis Liu et Y.M.Li,毛被黑蛋巢菌C.hirtulus Liu et Y.M.Li,天山黑蛋巢毛被变种C.tianshanensis Liu et Cao var.tomentosus Liu, Cao et Y.M.Li,环状黑蛋巢武夷山变种 C. annulatus Brodie var. wuyishanensis Liu et Y.M.Li。全部模式标本均保存在山西大学真菌标本室。 相似文献