Effect of psychotropic substances on the development of alcoholic motivation in noninbred white rats

The experiments have shown the capacity of antidepressant amitriptylin (0.5 mg/kg, i. p.) and tranquilizer phenazepam (0.1 mg/kg i. p.) to normalize the adaptive behaviour and almost completely prevent the development of alcohol motivation in animals with insufficient adaptive behaviour. It was established that in animals initially rejecting alcohol, chronic treatment with these drugs as well as d-amphetamine promoted alcohol motivation. The results obtained have proved our earlier hypothesis that preclinical search for drugs for the prevention and treatment of early stages of alcoholism is possible only in animals pre-selected according to their inclination to experimental alcoholism.     

Presence of a cytotomy factor in the karyoplasm ofAcipenser oocytes at the onset of the period of rapid growth

Summary Experiments with oocyte enucleation and transplantation of germinal vesicles show that already at the beginning of the period of rapid growth, the oocyte karyoplasm contains the substances necessary for the appearance in the cytoplasm of the ability to divide.     

Comparison of antibiotic complexes formed by cultures of Streptomyces griseoruber

Physico-chemical properties of antibiotic complexes formed by various strains of Streptomyces griseoruber: VNIIA 1195, VNIIA 1193-INA 2022/55 and IMiV 1618 were compared. It was shown that the antibiotic complex 1195 differed by the electron absorption spectrum, chromatographic mobility and indicator properties from lateriomycins A and B produced by the type culture of S. griseoruber, Jamaguchi et Saburi, 1955 and strain 70717, as well as from prodigiozin produced by S. griseoruber, VNIIA 1193. By the absorption spectra and chromatographic mobility the components of the antibiotic complex 1195 were identical with cinerubins A and B, pyrromycin and eta- and xi-pyrromycinones included in the composition of antibiotic 1618 produced by S. griseoruber 1618 and differed in their quantitative contents and absence of epsilon-pyrromycinones.     

A revision of current data and views on membrane hydrolysis and transport in the mammalian small intestine based on a comparison of techniques of chronic and acute experiments: experimental re-investigation and critical review

Literature data and the results of our investigations using both generally accepted and original perfusion techniques of the isolated loop of the rat small intestine in in vivo experiments are reviewed. Significant differences in the functioning of the small intestine under conditions of acute and chronic experiments are revealed. It has been established that in chronic experiments as compared to acute ones: (a) the absorption of glucose, galactose, fructose and glycine is 2-5 times higher; (b) Kt as well as Jmax values of the transport of these nutrients differ considerably; (c) Na+-independent mechanism of glucose and glycine transport predominates; (d) higher rates of membrane hydrolysis and more effective interactions between enzyme and transport systems of the enterocyte brush border membranes are observed; (e) functional characteristics of the small intestine affected by various experimental factors are more stable. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to revise current views of the scale and regularities of digestive-transport processes in the small intestine under physiological conditions. The importance of the suggested approaches for general and comparative physiology and biochemistry is discussed.     

Appearance of a factor stimulating oocyte maturation in the karyoplasm of the oocytes of the green toad, the clawed toad and the starred sturgeon

The karyoplasm (the contents of germinal vesicle) of the Bufo viridis, Xenopus laevis, and Acipenser stellatus oocytes maturing under the influence of progesterone acquires the ability to induce the maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown) of the full grown oocytes, when injected into them. This ability arises in the karyoplasm earlier than in the cytoplasm and is preserved until the germinal vesicle breakdown.     

Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and CO2 photoassimilation by cyanobacteria that form water-bloom spots in a sulfur spring with a high sulfide content

Cyanobacteria belonging mainly to the genera Anabaena and Oscillatoria were isolated from water-bloom spots of a sulfur spring in Staraya Matsesta. Their suspensions evolved O2 at a rate of 6--8 nM/min per 1 mg of dry cell weight at an intensity of solar radiation being 60--75 mV/cm2 per 1 sec. The cells were also capable of CO2 photoassimilation in the presence of solfide at a rate of 10(-4) mg C per mg per hour. DCMU at a concentration of 10(-5) M completely inhibited O2 evolution and inhibited CO2 fixation by 80%. Oxygen assimilation in dark by the suspensions did not depend on the addition of cyanide and was caused apparently by nonenzymatic reduction of O2 with sulfide dissolved in the spring water. Oxygen assimilation by the suspensions in light in the presence of DCMU was by 20--30% greater than in dark. Therefore, the cells of cyanobacteria are characterized by photorespiration at the level of photosystem I. Presumably, sulfide at a concentration of 9 mM cannot significantly inhibit the photosynthetic processes in cyanobacteria producing water-bloom spots in the sulfur spring.     

Neonatal Exposure to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Affects Behavior and Expression of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats after Psychogenic Trauma

Biochemistry (Moscow) - According to the two-hit hypothesis of psychoneuropathology formation, infectious diseases and other pathological conditions occurring during the critical periods of early...     

Through the Looking Glass of Biotechnology: D-Proteins as Objects of Patent Protection

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - This article is devoted to the patenting of proteins, containing D-isoforms of amino acids, its potential problems and perspectives. Today, technologies...