Nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes of adaptive significance in the ural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix sibirica</Emphasis> Ledeb.

The objectives of conservation and sustainable forest management require in depth study of genomes of woody plants and definition of their intraspecific genetic diversity. In recent years, an approach was developed based on the study of “candidate genes” that can potentially be involved in the formation of adaptive traits. In this study, we investigated nucleotide polymorphism of several adaptive candidate genes in the populations of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in the Urals. Representatives of this genus are among the most valuable and widely distributed forest tree species in Russia. From ten selected gene loci in the genome of L. sibirica, we isolated and investigated three loci, one of which (ABA-WDS) was sequenced in L. sibirica for the first time. The total length of the analyzed sequence in each individual amounted to 2865 bp. The length of locus alignment was from 360 bp to 1395 bp. In total, we identified 200 polymorphic positions. The most conservative is locus 4CL1-363, and the most polymorphic is locus sSPcDFD040B03103-274. The studied populations of L. sibirica are characterized by a high level of nucleotide polymorphism in comparison with other species and genuses (Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Abies) conifers plants (Hd = 0.896; π = 0.007; θ_W = 0.015). The most selectively neutral polymorphism (D _T =–0.997) was attributed to locus 4CL1-363, and polymorphism with high probability of adaptability (D _T =–1.807) was determined for the ABA-WDS locus. We identified 54 SNP markers, only five of which were nonsynonymous (9.26%) replacements. The average frequency of SNPs in the three studied loci of L. sibirica was one SNP in 53 bp. We detected unique SNP markers for eight populations, which could potentially be used to identify populations. Populations that are characterized by the highest number of unique SNP markers can be recommended for selection in order to preserve the gene pool of the species.     

Interaction of cholesterol-conjugated alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives with cellular biopolymers.

Interactions of oligonucleotide derivatives with mammalian cells and cellular biopolymers have been investigated. The derivatives were oligonucleotides bearing an alkylating 2-chloroethylamino group at the 3'-end and a cholesterol residue at the 5'-terminal phosphate. These compounds are readily taken up by cells and react with cellular DNA, RNA and some proteins which may play a role in delivery of the compounds into cells.     

The effect of inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizobium leguminosarum</Emphasis> on the contents of cytoplasmic protein and free amino acids in the roots of pea seedlings

The changes in the contents of protein and free amino acids in pea plants inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum were studied taking into account the susceptibility of roots to root nodule bacteria. The content of cytoplasmic protein during infection increased in the actively growing root zone (0–5 mm) and decreased in the root zones susceptible to rhizobia (5–20 mm from the root tip). The quantitative composition of free amino acids changed essentially upon inoculation of pea seedlings with R. leguminosarum.     

The effect of inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum on the contents of cytoplasmic protein and free amino acids in the roots of pea seedlings

The changes in the contents of protein and free amino acids in pea plants inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum were studied taking into account the susceptibility of roots to root nodule bacteria. The content of cytoplasmic protein during infection increased in the actively growing root region (0-5 mm) and decreased in the root regions susceptible to rhizobia (5-20 mm from the root tip). The quantitative composition of free amino acids changed essentially upon inoculation of pea seedlings with R. leguminosarum.     

The effect of nuclear dyes on the frequency of aberrations in mucosal cells of humans

The effect of staining with commonly used nuclear dyes (orsein, light green, methylene blue, azure-eosin by Romanovsky-Giemsa) on the frequency of occurrence of nuclear disorders (micronuclei, perinuclear vacuoles, notches, protrusions, such as "tongue" and "broken egg") in human buccal mucosa was determined. It is shown that Romanovsky-Giemsa dye is the best type of dye both in the quality of the micropreparations and the spectrum of detected abnormalities.