斑马鱼急性无机砷暴露后肝脏差异表达基因的生物信息学分析

砷是一种致癌物,是心血管、外周血管疾病、神经疾病、糖尿病和各种癌症的致病因素。目的:利用GO数据库和KEGG数据库等生物信息学方法对GEO数据库数据中的差异表达基因进行评价。利用生物信息学分析软件对差异基因进行功能富集、功能注释分析和生存分析。利用Cytoscape上的蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络(Protein-protein interaction network, PPI)软件对179个差异基因进行筛选和分析。结果发现126个基因作用于蛋白靶点,其中有10个基因为关键基因分别为:PSMB3、HSP701、HSPE1、STIP1、HSPD1、HSP70、DNAJB1B、HSP90AA1.1、HSPA9H和TCP1。核心基因主要作用于内质网中的蛋白质加工通路。这可能会为砷对肝脏损伤的潜在生物标志物和生物学机制提供新的思路。     

An Imported Case of Cystic Echinococcosis in the Liver

A 25-year-old Uzbek male presented with right upper abdominal pain for 20 days. On radiologic studies, a huge cystic mass was noticed in the right liver which was suspected as parasitic. The patient received right hepatic segmentectomy (segment 7), and the surgically resected mass was confirmed as cystic echinococcosis (CE), measuring 10.5 cm in its diameter. The inner surface of the cyst was bile-stained. The patient was discharged on the 8th hospital day, and was rechecked 6 months after the surgical intervention without any evidence of recurrence. The present report describes findings of an imported case of CE which represented ultrasound images of the ''ball of wool''.     

首次报道中国北方Fonsecaea monophora所致着色芽生菌病1例及其相关实验研究

目的首次报道中国北方1例由Fonsecaea monophora所致着色芽生菌病。方法患者男性,58岁,主因"右腕部皮损伴瘙痒8~9a"就诊。对皮损脓液直接镜检,皮损组织病理检查,真菌培养,并对培养获得菌株进行形态学,分子生物学鉴定等实验室研究。结果脓液直接镜检可见多个圆形、厚壁、棕色硬壳细胞,皮损组织病理表现为慢性肉芽肿样改变,并可见硬壳小体。真菌培养可见暗棕色,橄榄色至黑色菌落生长,生长速度较慢,镜下可见枝孢型和喙枝孢型产孢。ITS区序列分析鉴定为Fonsecaea monophora。依据临床及实验室检查确诊该例为Fonsecaea monophora所致的着色芽生菌病。口服伊曲康唑200mg,1次/d;特比萘芬250mg,1次/d。治疗3个月后,皮损消退痊愈。结论 Fonsecaea monophora感染也可见于我国北方地区的着色芽生菌病患者,而ITS区序列分析是该菌种鉴定的重要手段,伊曲康唑联合特比萘芬治疗本例患者显示较好疗效。     

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate autophagy in Drosophila

Heparan sulfate-modified proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important regulators of signaling and molecular recognition at the cell surface and in the extracellular space. Disruption of HSPG core proteins, HS-synthesis, or HS-degradation can have profound effects on growth, patterning, and cell survival. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction provides a tractable model for understanding the activities of HSPGs at a synapse that displays developmental and activity-dependent plasticity. Muscle cell-specific knockdown of HS biosynthesis disrupted the organization of a specialized postsynaptic membrane, the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR), and affected the number and morphology of mitochondria. We provide evidence that these changes result from a dysregulation of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy). Cellular and molecular markers of autophagy are all consistent with an increase in the levels of autophagy in the absence of normal HS-chain biosynthesis and modification. HS production is also required for normal levels of autophagy in the fat body, the central energy storage and nutritional sensing organ in Drosophila. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that HS-dependent regulation of autophagy occurs non-cell autonomously, consistent with HSPGs influencing this cellular process via signaling in the extracellular space. These findings demonstrate that HS biosynthesis has important regulatory effects on autophagy and that autophagy is critical for normal assembly of postsynaptic membrane specializations.     

基于韧性理念的中国城市雨洪管理研究热点与趋势

在中国洪涝灾害频发的背景下,海绵城市等雨洪管理实践有助于灾害的缓解,提高城市应对雨洪的“韧性”。韧性城市作为应对灾害风险的城市规划理念,已被应用于一些国家的雨洪风险管理中。本文基于韧性理念,运用科学计量分析工具CiteSpace梳理中国雨洪研究现状,从生态、工程、社会雨洪韧性3方面分析了雨洪管理热点与相关技术,发现在跨领域的雨洪系统管理、区域到街区间不同空间尺度用地调蓄管理方面存在不足,提出未来应构建以“生态-工程-社会”为核心,涵盖“区域-城市-街区”尺度,多技术集成为支撑的自适应韧性雨洪管理体系。     

黄河三角洲芦苇种群特征对水深环境梯度的响应

通过野外调查芦苇种群特征及获取的监测数据,应用多元统计法、函数极值法以及β多样性指数测度法,对黄河三角洲芦苇种群在不同环境梯度（以水深为主）条件下的生物生态学特征及β多样性进行了分析.（1）通过离差平方和聚类分析方法,将研究区的10个调查样地划分为6个类型.随水深环境梯度变化,各样地群落优势植物也发生相应变化.（2）芦苇的平均高度和平均茎粗与平均水深呈显著相关.芦苇平均密度和平均盖度值与平均水深拟合曲线的变化呈非线性变化趋势.在平均水深为0.3m时,芦苇平均密度和平均盖度出现明显的峰,随水深变化向峰两侧递减,而芦苇平均株高和平均茎粗随水深增加呈递葺增趋势.（3）通过β多样性分析,黄河三角洲存在明显的环境梯度变化,随着水深的变化,物种间存在明显的替代关系.通过离差平方和聚类分析后得出的各相邻样地（水深段）间的Sorensen指数值均大于不相邻样地（水深段）间的值.水生环境植物群落间的相似性程度较大,而旱生环境植物群落间相似性程度较小.     

Long-term platinum retention after treatment with cisplatin and oxaliplatin

Background  

The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term platinum retention in patients treated with cisplatin and oxaliplatin.     

基于景观尺度过程模型的长白山地表径流量时空变化特征的模拟

运用已建立的景观尺度生态系统生产力过程模型EPPML对长白山自然保护区地表径流量的季节动态和空间分布特征进行了模拟,对其与环境因子间的相互关系进行了分析．模拟结果表明,长白山自然保护区地表径流量的季节进程表现出明显的三峰型,6月和9月出现低谷,8月达最大(2．58mm·d^-1),与土壤含水量的季节变化趋势十分相似．1995年地表径流量的模拟值平均为0．203m·年^-l,空间分布随海拔升高呈现明显增加的趋势,最高为高山流砾滩(0．619m·年^-1),最低为阔叶红松林(0．081m·年^-1)．年地表径流量与叶面积指数(LAI)呈极显著负相关指数关系(R^2＝0．857)．年地表径流量与气温和总辐射呈负相关关系(R^2分别为0．965和0．836),与降水量、相对湿度和风速呈正相关关系(R^2均大于0．950),还与土壤特性密切相关。     

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a C-type lectin cDNA in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

C-type lectins are pattern-recognition proteins which are functionally important for pathogen recognition and immune regulation in vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, a lectin cDNA named as Es-Lectin was cloned and characterized from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The full-length sequence of this Es-Lectin cDNA was 651 bp, including an open reading frame of 483 bp encoding 160 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of the Es-Lectin was 11.8 kDa. A typical signal peptide of 21 amino acids was deduced at the N-terminus of the predicted protein. This Es-Lectin belongs to a C-type lectin and contains six cysteines, a conserved EPN motif (Glu-Pro-Asn) and an imperfect WND (Trp-Asn-Asp) motif (FND, Phe-Asn-Asp). This Es-Lectin had 55% and 32% identity with other two C-type lectins in E. sinensis, and 29-36% homology with decapods. Although the Es-Lectin was also expressed in gill, hepatopancreas, intestine, muscle and stomach, its expression in haemocytes was the greatest. The expression of Es-Lectins in haemocytes increased at 1.5 h after the Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. After a slight decrease, the Es-Lectin expression in haemocytes significantly increased at 48 h post-challenge. The diverse distribution of Es-Lectin and its enhancement by bacterial challenge indicate that C-type lectins are important in the innate immune response to bacterial infection, and can be activated for innate immune response in crab at the initial stage after pathogen infection.