全文获取类型
收费全文 | 224篇 |
免费 | 30篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 9篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1953年 | 2篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
1928年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有254条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Cytokinesis must be initiated only after chromosomes have been segregated in anaphase and must be terminated once cleavage is completed. We show that the fission yeast protein Etd1 plays a central role in both of these processes. Etd1 activates the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Spg1 to trigger signaling through the septum initiation network (SIN) pathway and onset of cytokinesis. Spg1 is activated in late anaphase when spindle elongation brings spindle pole body (SPB)–localized Spg1 into proximity with its activator Etd1 at cell tips, ensuring that cytokinesis is only initiated when the spindle is fully elongated. Spg1 is active at just one of the two SPBs during cytokinesis. When the actomyosin ring finishes constriction, the SIN triggers disappearance of Etd1 from the half of the cell with active Spg1, which then triggers Spg1 inactivation. Asymmetric activation of Spg1 is crucial for timely inactivation of the SIN. Together, these results suggest a mechanism whereby cell asymmetry is used to monitor cytoplasmic partitioning to turn off cytokinesis signaling. 相似文献
2.
3.
The strategies of the sit-to-stand movement are investigated by describing the movement in terms of the topology of an associated
phase diagram. Kinematic constraints are applied to describe movement sequences, thus reducing the dimension of the phase
space. This dimensional reduction allows us to apply theorems of topological dynamics for two-dimensional systems to arrive
at a classification of six possible movement strategies, distinguished by the topology of their corresponding phase portrait.
Since movement is treated in terms of topological structure rather than specific trajectories, individual variations are automatically
included, and the approach is by nature model independent. Pathological movement is investigated, and this method clarifies
how subtle abnormalities in movement lead to difficulties in achieving a stable stance upon rising from a seated position.
This article was processed by the author using the LATEX style file pljour2 from Springer-Verlag. 相似文献
4.
5.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence evolution in sharks: rates, patterns, and phylogenetic inferences 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Abundant representation of sharks in the fossil record makes this group a
superb system in which to investigate rates and patterns of molecular
evolution and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of phylogenetic
inferences from molecular data. In this report, the molecular evolution of
the cytochrome b gene in sharks is described and the information related to
results from phylogenetic analysis of the data evaluated in the light of a
phylogeny derived independently of the molecular data. Across divergent
lineages of sharks there is evidence for significant substitution rate
variation, departure from compositional equilibrium, and substantial
homoplasy; nevertheless, the signal of evolutionary history is evident in
patterns of shared transversions and amino acid replacements.
相似文献
6.
There is marked heterogeneity of nucleotide composition in mitochondrial
DNA across divergent animals. Differences in nucleotide composition
presumably reflect differences in directional nucleotide substitution for
A+T or G+C nucleotides. In mitochondrial DNA, there is A+T directional
nucleotide substitution in most (if not all) animals surveyed, and the
magnitude of directional A+T nucleotide substitution differs greatly within
and among groups. Differences in directional nucleotide substitution among
lineages of mammals can be explained by changes in metabolic physiology.
This relationship is thought to be mediated by the effect of oxygen
radicals because these toxic compounds are by-products of aerobic
metabolism and are known mutagens. Association between metabolism and
nucleotide composition provides additional evidence in favor of the
hypothesis that rates and patterns of nucleotide substitution in
mitochondrial DNA can be influenced by factors that impinge on rates of
endogenous DNA damage.
相似文献
7.
Elemental distribution in striated muscle and the effects of hypertonicity: Electron probe analysis of cryo sections 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11 下载免费PDF全文
A method of rapid freezing in supercooled Freon 22 (monochlorodifluoromethane) followed by cryoultramicrotomy is described and shown to yield ultrathin sections in which both the cellular ultrastructure and the distribution of diffusible ions across the cell membrane are preserved and intracellular compartmentalization of diffusabler ions can be quantitated. Quantitative electron probe analysis (Shuman, H., A.V. Somlyo, and A.P. Somlyo. 1976. Ultramicros. 1:317-339.) of freeze-dried ultrathin cryto sections was found to provide a valid measure of the composition of cells and cellular organelles and was used to determine the ionic composition of the in situ terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the distribution of CI in skeletal muscle, and the effects of hypertonic solutions on the subcellular composition if striated muscle. There was no evidence of sequestered CI in the terminal cisternae of resting muscles, although calcium (66mmol/kg dry wt +/- 4.6 SE) was detected. The values of [C1](i) determined with small (50-100 nm) diameter probes over cytoplasm excluding organelles over nuclei or terminal cisternae were not significantly different. Mitochondria partially excluded C1, with a cytoplasmic/ mitochondrial Ci ratio of 2.4 +/- 0.88 SD. The elemental concentrations (mmol/kg dry wt +/- SD) of muscle fibers measured with 0.5-9-μm diameter electron probes in normal frog striated muscle were: P, 302 +/- 4.3; S, 189 +/- 2.9;C1, 24 +/- 1.1;K, 404 +/- 4.3, and Mg, 39 +/- 2.1. It is concluded that: (a) in normal muscle the "excess CI" measured with previous bulk chemical analyses and flux studies is not compartmentalized in the SR or in other cellular organelles, and (b) the cytoplasmic C1 in low [K](0) solutions exceeds that predicted by a passive electrochemical distribution. Hypertonic 2.2 X NaCl, 2.5 X sucrose, or 2.2 X Na isethionate produced: (a) swollen vacuoles, frequently paired, adjacent to the Z lines and containing significantly higher than cytoplasmic concentrations of Na and Cl or S (isethionate), but no detectable Ca, and (b) granules of Ca, Mg, and P = approximately (6 Ca + 1 Mg)/6P in the longitudinal SR. It is concluded that hypertonicity produces compartmentalized domains of extracellular solutes within the muscle fibers and translocates Ca into the longitudinal tubules. 相似文献
8.
Eight class I tRNA species have been purified to homogeneity and their proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra in the low-field region (-11 to -15 ppm) have been studied at 360 MHz. The low-field spectra contain only one low-field resonance from each base pair (the ring NH hydrogen bond) and hence directly monitor the number of long-lived secondary and tertiary base pairs in solution. The tRNA species were chosen on the basis of their sequence homology with yeast phenylalanine tRNA in the regions which form tertiary base pairs in the crystal structure of this tRNA. All of the spectra show 26 or 27 low-field resonances approximately 7 of which are derived from tertiary base pairs. These results are contrary to previous claims that the NMR spectra indicate the presence of resonances from secondary base pairs only, as well as more recent claims of only 1-3 tertiary resonances, but are in good agreement with the number of tertiary base pairs expected in solution based on the crystal structure. The tertiary base pair resonances are stable up to at least 46 degrees C. Removal of magnesium ions causes structural changes in the tRNA but does not result in the loss of any secondary or tertiary base pairs. 相似文献
9.
10.