Protein kinase C delta null mice exhibit structural alterations in articular surface,intra-articular and subchondral compartments

IntroductionStructural alterations in intra-articular and subchondral compartments are hallmarks of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that causes pain and disability in the aging population. Protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ) plays versatile functions in cell growth and differentiation, but its role in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is not known.MethodsHistological analysis including alcian blue, safranin O staining and fluorochrome labeling were used to reveal structural alterations at the articular cartilage surface and bone–cartilage interface in PKC-δ knockout (KO) mice. The morphology and organization of chondrocytes were studied using confocal microscopy. Glycosaminoglycan content was studied by micromass culture of chondrocytes of PKC-δ KO mice.ResultsWe uncovered atypical structural demarcation between articular cartilage and subchondral bone of PKC-δ KO mice. Histology analyses revealed a thickening of the articular cartilage and calcified bone–cartilage interface, and decreased safranin O staining accompanied by an increase in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of PKC-δ KO mice. Interestingly, loss of demarcation between articular cartilage and bone was concomitant with irregular chondrocyte morphology and arrangement. Consistently, in vivo calcein labeling assay showed an increased intensity of calcein labeling in the interface of the growth plate and metaphysis in PKC-δ KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro culture of chondrocyte micromass showed a decreased alcian blue staining of chondrocyte micromass in the PKC-δ KO mice, indicative of a reduced level of glycosaminoglycan production.ConclusionsOur data imply a role for PKC-δ in the osteochondral plasticity of the interface between articular cartilage and the osteochondral junction.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0720-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Analysis of Mid-Infrared Surface Plasmon Modes in a Graphene-Based Cylindrical Hybrid Waveguide

A graphene-based cylindrical hybrid surface plasmon polariton waveguide, composed of a silicon nanowire core surrounded by a silica layer and then a graphene layer, is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The analytical solutions and the numerical simulation show that an ultra-small mode area and a large propagation length can be achieved with this waveguide. Utilizing the perturbation theory of coupled mode, we demonstrate that the six lowest-order coupling modes originate from the coupling of the three lowest-order single-waveguide modes, and the m?=?1 order yy-coupling mode possesses the maximum coupling length and the minimum crosstalk. This waveguide can be used for photonic integrated circuits in the mid-infrared range.     

两种治疗方案对脑出血病人康复的影响

脑卒中是急性的脑部血液循环障碍造成的局部脑损害,又叫中风或脑血管意外,是现代中老年人健康的重要威胁,脑出血是其中的一种情况。采用由引导放松干预治疗的方法对脑出血患者进行护理干预,通过监测患者的血压、呼吸以及心率变化来判定干预效果,同时通过CT扫描来判定康复效果。干预结果表明：引导放松这种护理干预能够通过有效的稳定患者的收缩压和舒张压促进患者的康复。研究表明引导放松干预治疗对脑卒中病人的治疗具有一定的推广应用价值。     

果胶酶与桃果实冷害的关系

桃果实在８℃以下贮藏奶容易干化发绵、不能软化,甚至褐变。这种被称为絮败的冷害特征。与交质的异常代谢有关。果胶酯酶（ＰＥ）和多聚半乳糖醛权酶（ＰＧ）活性的异常导致果胶质不能正常卫解。文章介绍果胶酶与桃果实冷害的关系、桃果实ＰＧ基因克隆及其ＲＮＡ和蛋白质分析的研究进展,并对桃果实冷害发生机理研究中存在的问题作了讨论。     

全球免疫细胞治疗药物开发现状与趋势

目的:从产品开发角度分析免疫细胞治疗类药物的发展现状和未来趋势。方法:检索科睿唯安(Clarivate Analytics)的Cortellis数据库的数据,利用定量分析法和对比分析法对检索结果进行分析。结果:目前已有2种免疫细胞治疗类药物上市,1种免疫细胞治疗类药物处于预注册阶段,4种药物处于临床Ⅲ期,同时大量处于临床Ⅱ/Ⅰ期药物显示未来市场上将有更多免疫细胞治疗类药物。产品交易方面,目前在免疫细胞治疗类药物的商业交易也趋向频繁。通过列举分析目前已发生的交易金额前十的交易,发现其中药物开发及商业化许可是最主要的交易模式。结论:目前免疫细胞治疗类药物市场尚处于起步阶段,但随着未来技术的不断发展改进,相信未来有更多的药物进入商用市场,为癌症及其他疾病的治疗提供新的契机。     

杉木解酚菌的研究

从杉木林土壤中筛选到5株高效解酚菌(F2、F3、F4、F7、F15),结果表明,F4、F33d,F2、F155d能将600rng     

导入反义蜡质基因改良水稻稻米的食味品质和营养品质

经PCR、Southern blot和稻米GUS检测,蜡质基因反义片段与gus构成的融合基因已整合到8株水稻基因组中,并能正确表达。通过稻米GUS染色追踪分析获得转反义蜡质基因纯合后代。将转基因植株的稻米送农业部稻米及制品质量监督检验测试中心进行糙米蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量测定。结果显示：（1）在转反义蜡质基因纯合的超2-10粳稻后代中,大多数单株糙米在直链淀粉含量降低的同时,蛋白质含量有不同程度提高,糙米蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关关系;（2）对照糙米直链淀粉平均含量和糙米蛋白质平均含量分别为13.4%和9.5%。在转基因植株中,稻米直链淀粉含量最低的为11.4%,而蛋白质含量也相对最高,为13.5%。本试验结果表明在水稻中导入反义蜡质基因不仅能够降低水稻稻米的直链淀粉含量,还有可能提高水稻稻米的蛋白质含量。     

啤酒花茎尖的组织培养和规模化生产

1植物名称 啤酒花（Humulus Iupulus Linn．）,品种‘余乐比特’。 2材料类 别茎尖。 3培养条件 以MS为基本培养基。（1）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA0．01mg．L。（单位下同）＋IAA0．1;（2）茎尖生长培养基：MS＋6-BA3．0＋NAA0．2;（3）生根培养基：1／2MS＋IAA1．5。