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1.
Between 1971 and 1975, Fascioloides magna was found in 46 of 67 (69%) feral swine (Sus scrofa) in southern Texas. Flukes were recovered from swine in areas where F. magna commonly has been recovered from white-tailed deer and cattle. One to 12 flukes were recovered from each infected animal. Their presence was indicated by black hematin pigment on the liver and various other internal organs. Eggs were not detected in the gallbladder or feces of infected animals although mature flukes and eggs were recovered in the livers suggesting that, like cattle, feral swine can be infected but are aberrant hosts for the parasite and do not disseminate eggs. 相似文献
2.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing disease, which is accompanied by degeneration of both the upper (cortical) and the lower (spinal and bulbar) motoneurons. Clinically it is primarily characterized by a continuously and systematically spreading of muscular paresis and atrophy. The discovery of many novel ALS genes advanced the genetics of ALS rapidly within the past few years. Beyond the well-established superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72), which turned out to be the most frequent ALS gene in Caucasians, TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) were recently added to the list of ALS genes. In addition, several rare ALS genes have been identified, which are mostly of cell biological and functional interest. The rapidly growing number of known ALS genes as well as the broadened phenotypic variability has increased the complexity of genetic diagnosis and counseling of ALS patients. 相似文献
3.
Six derivatives of trans-4-aminostilbene bearing different alkyl groups in the 4'-position and six of the corresponding nitro compounds were synthesized and tested for their mutagenic potency in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Regarding the test series in presence of S9-mix, maximum activity was observed for those trans-4-aminostilbenes and trans-4-nitrostilbenes bearing small alkyl substituents like methyl and ethyl. More bulky substituents reduced the mutagenic potential in the order iso-propylethyl>iso-propyl>sec-butyl>tert-butyl). These trends have been compared with quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model predictions, leading to the conclusion that steric demand is an important factor for mutagenicity of substituted aminostilbenes and nitrostilbenes. The unexpected result for the tert-butyl nitrostilbene tested with metabolic activation may be attributed to a different metabolic pathway. 相似文献
4.
E?DimitriadisEmail author L?Robb Y-X?Liu AC?Enders H?Martin C?Stoikos E?Wallace LA?Salamonsen 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2003,1(1):34
Embryo implantation, endometrial stromal cell decidualization and formation of a functional placenta are critical processes in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Interleukin (IL)-11 signalling is essential for adequate decidualization in the mouse uterus and IL-11 promotes decidualization in the human. IL-11 action is mediated via binding to the specific IL-11 receptor α (IL-11Rα). The present study examined immunoreactive IL-11 and IL-11Rα in cycling rhesus monkey endometrium, at implantation sites in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and in human first trimester decidua and defined distinct spatial and temporal patterns. In cycling rhesus monkey endometrium, IL-11 and IL-11Rα increased in both basalis and functionalis regions during the secretory compared with the proliferative phase, with changing cellular locations in luminal and glandular epithelium and stroma. The patterns were similar overall to those previously described in human endometrium. Differences were seen in immunostaining during implantation in cynomologus and rhesus monkey. In the cynomolgus, very little staining for IL-11 or IL-11Rα was seen in syncytio- and cyto-trophoblast cells in the villi between days 12 and 150 of pregnancy although there was moderate staining in cytotrophoblast in the shell between days 12 and 17 and in subpopulations of cytotrophoblast cells invading the arteries at day 17. By contrast in the rhesus monkey between days 24 and 35 of pregnancy and in human first trimester placenta, cyto- and syncytio-trophoblast in the villi but not cytotrophoblast in the shell were positively stained. The most intense staining for both IL-11 and IL-11Rα was present within the decidua in the maternal component of implantation sites in all three primates but moderate staining was also present in maternal vascular smooth muscle and glands perivascular cells and epithelial plaques. These results are consistent with a role for IL-11 both during decidualization and placentation in primates. 相似文献
5.
Martin Gorges Hans-Peter Müller Dorothée Lulé Kelly Del Tredici Johannes Brettschneider Jürgen Keller Katharina Pfandl Albert C. Ludolph Jan Kassubek Elmar H. Pinkhardt 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Background
The neuropathological process underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be traced as a four-stage progression scheme of sequential corticofugal axonal spread. The examination of eye movement control gains deep insights into brain network pathology and provides the opportunity to detect both disturbance of the brainstem oculomotor circuitry as well as executive deficits of oculomotor function associated with higher brain networks.Objective
To study systematically oculomotor characteristics in ALS and its underlying network pathology in order to determine whether eye movement deterioration can be categorized within a staging system of oculomotor decline that corresponds to the neuropathological model.Methods
Sixty-eight ALS patients and 31 controls underwent video-oculographic, clinical and neuropsychological assessments.Results
Oculomotor examinations revealed increased anti- and delayed saccades’ errors, gaze-palsy and a cerebellary type of smooth pursuit disturbance. The oculomotor disturbances occurred in a sequential manner: Stage 1, only executive control of eye movements was affected. Stage 2 indicates disturbed executive control plus ‘genuine’ oculomotor dysfunctions such as gaze-paly. We found high correlations (p<0.001) between the oculomotor stages and both, the clinical presentation as assessed by the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) score, and cognitive scores from the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS).Conclusions
Dysfunction of eye movement control in ALS can be characterized by a two-staged sequential pattern comprising executive deficits in Stage 1 and additional impaired infratentorial oculomotor control pathways in Stage 2. This pattern parallels the neuropathological staging of ALS and may serve as a technical marker of the neuropathological spreading. 相似文献6.
Melek Güler-Yüksel Naomi B Klarenbeek Yvonne PM Goekoop-Ruiterman Jeska K de Vries-Bouwstra Sjoerd M van der Kooij Andreas H Gerards H Karel Ronday Tom WJ Huizinga Ben AC Dijkmans Cornelia F Allaart Willem F Lems 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(3):R96
Introduction
To investigate whether accelerated hand bone mineral density (BMD) loss is associated with progressive joint damage in hands and feet in the first year of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and whether it is an independent predictor of subsequent progressive total joint damage after 4 years.Methods
In 256 recent-onset RA patients, baseline and 1-year hand BMD was measured in metacarpals 2-4 by digital X-ray radiogrammetry. Joint damage in hands and feet were scored in random order according to the Sharp-van der Heijde method at baseline and yearly up to 4 years.Results
68% of the patients had accelerated hand BMD loss (>-0.003 g/cm2) in the first year of RA. Hand BMD loss was associated with progressive joint damage after 1 year both in hands and feet with odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of 5.3 (1.3-20.9) and 3.1 (1.0-9.7). In univariate analysis, hand BMD loss in the first year was a predictor of subsequent progressive total joint damage after 4 years with an OR (95% CI) of 3.1 (1.3-7.6). Multivariate analysis showed that only progressive joint damage in the first year and anti-citrullinated protein antibody positivity were independent predictors of long-term progressive joint damage.Conclusions
In the first year of RA, accelerated hand BMD loss is associated with progressive joint damage in both hands and feet. Hand BMD loss in the first year of recent-onset RA predicts subsequent progressive total joint damage, however not independent of progressive joint damage in the first year. 相似文献7.
Widl K Brettschneider J Schattauer D Süssmuth S Huber R Ludolph AC Tumani H 《Neurochemical research》2007,32(7):1163-1168
We aimed to establish age-related reference values for Erythropoietin (EPO) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to evaluate concentrations
in neurological diseases. CSF and serum EPO was measured in controls with tension-type headache (CTTH), in patients with ALS,
dementia and depression using ELISA technique.
Stability experiments showed CSF EPO to be stable for two and a half months and over two thaw/freeze cycles. A positive correlation
of CSF EPO with age was found (P < 0.01). We found a CSF/serum EPO concentration ratio of 0.126, pointing towards an intrathecal synthesis of EPO. The ALS
group showed significantly lowered CSF EPO compared to age-matched CTTH (P < 0.012), whereas the dementia and depression group showed no significant differences compared to CTTH.
The establishment of age-related reference values in a large cohort of controls will improve the interpretation of future
CSF EPO evaluations in neurological diseases.
The authors have not reported any conflicts of interest. 相似文献
8.
Diffusion tensor imaging and tractwise fractional anisotropy statistics: quantitative analysis in white matter pathology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hans-Peter Mueller Alexander Unrath Anne D Sperfeld Albert C Ludolph Axel Riecker Jan Kassubek 《Biomedical engineering online》2007,6(1):42
Background
Information on anatomical connectivity in the brain by measurements of the diffusion of water in white matter tracts lead to quantification of local tract directionality and integrity. 相似文献9.
Paulo FP Pimenta Alessandra S Orfano Ana C Bahia Ana PM Duarte Claudia M Ríos-Velásquez Fabrício F Melo Felipe AC Pessoa Giselle A Oliveira Keillen MM Campos Luis Martínez Villegas Nilton Barnabé Rodrigues Rafael Nacif-Pimenta Rejane C Sim?es Wuelton M Monteiro Rogerio Amino Yara M Traub-Cseko José BP Lima Maria GV Barbosa Marcus VG Lacerda Wanderli P Tadei Nágila FC Secundino 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(1):23-47
In the Americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in
the Amazon Forest, which extends across nine countries. One keystone step to
understanding the Plasmodium life cycle in Anopheles species from the Amazon Region
is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. Several attempts to colonise
Ano- pheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no
success at all. In this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from
the perspective of its Amazon vectors. Currently, it is possible to develop
experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of the colonised and field-captured vectors
in laboratories located close to Amazonian endemic areas. We are also reviewing
studies related to the immune response to P. vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis,
a coastal mosquito species. Finally, we discuss the importance of the modulation of
Plasmodium infection by the vector microbiota and also consider the anopheline
genomes. The establishment of experimental mosquito infections with Plasmodium
falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites that could provide
interesting models for studying malaria in the Amazonian scenario is important.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the parasites
in New World vectors is crucial in order to better determine the interaction process
and vectorial competence. 相似文献
10.
Maria C Anholeti Rodrigo C Duprat Maria R Figueiredo Maria AC Kaplan Marcelo Guerra Santos Marcelo S Gonzalez Norman A Ratcliffe Denise Feder Selma R Paiva Cicero B Mello 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(5):629-635
Studies evaluated the effects of hexanic extracts from the fruits and flowers
ofClusia fluminensis and the main component of the flower
extract, a purified benzophenone (clusianone), against Aedes
aegypti. The treatment of larvae with the crude fruit or flower extracts
from C. fluminensis did not affect the survival ofAe.
aegypti (50 mg/L), however, the flower extracts significantly delayed
development of Ae. aegypti. In contrast, the clusianone (50 mg/L) isolate from the
flower extract, representing 54.85% of this sample composition, showed a highly
significant inhibition of survival, killing 93.3% of the larvae and completely
blocking development of Ae. aegypti. The results showed, for the first time, high
activity of clusianone against Ae. aegypti that both killed and inhibited mosquito
development. Therefore, clusianone has potential for development as a biopesticide
for controlling insect vectors of tropical diseases. Future work will elucidate the
mode of action of clusianone isolated from C. fluminensis. 相似文献