Occurrence of tributyltin-tolerant bacteria in tributyltin- or cadmium-containing seawater.

Tributyltin chloride (TBTCl)-tolerant bacteria accounted for 90% of the flora in natural seawater to which TBTCl was added. These tolerant bacteria were insensitive to 250 nmol of TBTCl per disc, and all were Vibrio species. Total counts of viable bacteria did not decrease upon storage of the TBTCl-treated seawater, indicating that enrichment of tolerant strains took place. Addition of CdSO4 to seawater resulted in the occurrence of TBTCl-tolerant bacteria as well as Cd-tolerant bacteria, suggesting some correlation of Cd tolerance and TBTCl tolerance.     

New polymorphisms of esterase 7 and esterase 8 in inbred strains of rats: Tissue expression and linkage studies

Two new esterase polymorphisms (Es-7 and Es-8) were identified in the testis homogenate of laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus, by using discontinuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Es-7 expressed two phenotypes: ES-7A (fast) and ES-7B (slow). Es-8, which migrated in the cathodal region rather than the ES-7 region, also expressed two phenotypes: ES-8A (fast) and ES-8B (slow). Linkage tests among Es-2, Es-7, and Es-8 were made from backcross progeny of the mating (LEJ/Hkm × T/Hok)F₁ × LEJ/Hkm. One recombinant in 51 progeny tested was observed between Es-2 and Es-7; however, recombination between Es-2 and Es-8 was not observed in the same progeny. In addition, we show that the esterase polymorphisms of Es-5 in liver homogenate and Es-3 in small intestine homogenate are identical.     

Screening of microorganisms having high fumarase activity and their immobilization with carrageenan

Summary To develop an efficient method for continuous production of L-malic acid from fumaric acid using immobilized microbial cells, screening of microorganisms having high fumarase activity was carried out and cultural conditions of selected microorganisms were investigated. As a result of screening microorganisms belonging to the genera Brevibacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Sarcina were found to produce fumarase in high levels. Among these microorganisms Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, B. flavum, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were further selected for their high fumarase levels in the cultivation on several media. These 4 microorganisms were entrapped into a k-carrageenan gel lattice, and the resultant immobilized B. flavum showed the highest fumarase activity and operational stability.Cultural conditions for the fumarase formation and the operational stability of fumarase activity of immobilized B. flavum are detailed. Productivity for L-malic acid using immobilized B. flavum with k-carrageenan was 2.3 fold of that using immobilized B. ammoniagenes with polyacrylamide.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, Nagoya, April 3, 1978     

Ex vivo intraoperative angiography for rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flaps

In this study, the vascular architecture of rectus abdominis free flaps nourished by deep inferior epigastric vessels was investigated using an ex vivo intraoperative angiogram. Oblique rectus abdominis free flaps were elevated and isolated from the donor site. In 11 patients, the vascular architecture of these flaps was analyzed before the flap was thinned. Radiographic study identified an average of 2.1 large deep inferior epigastric arterial perforators in each flap. In nine of the 11 flaps, the axial artery was visible. In four flaps, the axial artery originated from the perforator of the lateral branch of the deep inferior epigastric artery; in five others, it originated from the medial branch. In each flap, the angle of the axial perforator from its anterior rectus sheath in the vertical plane was measured; its mean was 50.6 degrees. All flaps survived, although three showed partial necrosis in the distal portions. In two of these three flaps, the axial artery was not visible in the angiograms, and the third revealed a one-sided distribution of axial flap arteries. Using ex vivo intraoperative angiography, the architecture of the individual flap, its axial perforator, and its connecting axial flap vessel could be investigated. This information can help the surgeon safely thin and separate the flap.     

Plant growth-promoting activities of alkoxycarbonylisoureas in relation to their chemical structures

A number of alkoxycarbonylisourea derivatives were synthesized and their plant growth-promoting activities examined by the rice (Oryza sativa) seedling test. Isourea compounds with an appropriate substituent such as a halogen atom or a methyl, ethyl or methoxy group at the para-position on a benzene ring in 1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-alkyl-3-phenylcarbamoylisoureas promoted the growth of rice seedlings and acted as a highly active gibberellic acid-synergist when used in combination with gibberellic acid. The common structural requirements of isourea derivatives applied well for a growth promoter and a gibberellic acid-synergist.     

Cloning and characterization of the alkaline phosphatase positive regulator gene (phoB) of Escherichia coli

Summary The positive regulator gene (phoB) for alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli was cloned into the EcoRI site of pBR322 from the E. coli chromosome by a shotgun method. phoB was then constructed in vitro by replacing the C fragment of gtC by the phoB chromosomal fragment obtained from the hybrid plasmid. When the phoB mutant was lysogenized by phoB, the lysogen became PhoB⁺. The integration site of the phage was identified by P1 phage transduction to be around phoB site on the chromosome. From these results, we conclude that the cloned gene is phoB and not a gene which suppresses phenotypically phoB mutation when it is in a multi-copy state. The restriction map was constructed. Based on this information, several PhoB deletion plasmids and smaller PhoB⁺ plasmids were constructed in vitro. By examining PhoB phenotype when these plasmids were introduced into phoB mutant, we could define the phoB gene locus in 2 kb on the restriction map of the cloned chromosomal fragment. Cells carrying the multi-copy phoB gene produced alkaline phosphatase qualitatively under normal phosphate regulation. The phoB gene product was identified by the maxicell method as a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 31,000 daltons.