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1.
Mizuki Taniguchi Shunichi Kajioka Habibul B. Shozib Kenta Sawamura Shinsuke Nakayama 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Smooth and elaborate gut motility is based on cellular cooperation, including smooth muscle, enteric neurons and special interstitial cells acting as pacemaker cells. Therefore, spatial characterization of electric activity in tissues containing these electric excitable cells is required for a precise understanding of gut motility. Furthermore, tools to evaluate spatial electric activity in a small area would be useful for the investigation of model animals. We thus employed a microelectrode array (MEA) system to simultaneously measure a set of 8×8 field potentials in a square area of ∼1 mm2. The size of each recording electrode was 50×50 µm2, however the surface area was increased by fixing platinum black particles. The impedance of microelectrode was sufficiently low to apply a high-pass filter of 0.1 Hz. Mapping of spectral power, and auto-correlation and cross-correlation parameters characterized the spatial properties of spontaneous electric activity in the ileum of wild-type (WT) and W/Wv mice, the latter serving as a model of impaired network of pacemaking interstitial cells. Namely, electric activities measured varied in both size and cooperativity in W/Wv mice, despite the small area. In the ileum of WT mice, procedures suppressing the excitability of smooth muscle and neurons altered the propagation of spontaneous electric activity, but had little change in the period of oscillations. In conclusion, MEA with low impedance electrodes enables to measure slowly oscillating electric activity, and is useful to evaluate both histological and functional changes in the spatio-temporal property of gut electric activity. 相似文献
2.
Kenzo Yamanaka Akira Hasegawa Ryoji Sawamura Shoji Okada 《Biological trace element research》1989,21(1):413-417
DNA damage induced by administration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) to rats and mice was investigated. At 12 h after administration of DMAA, DNA single-strand breaks were induced markedly in lung. The majority of dimethylarsine, one of the main metabolites, in the expired air was excreted within 6–18 h after administration of DMAA to rats. In vitro experiments using nuclei isolated from lung of mice indicated that DNA strand breaks were caused by dimethylarsine. Furthermore, the strand breaks after exposure to dimethylarsine were reduced in the presence of catalase and/or superoxide dismutase. These results strongly suggest that the strand breaks are induced not by dimethylarsine itself but by active oxygen, e.g., O 2 ? and ·OH, produced both by dimethylarsine and molecular oxygen. When DNA was exposed to dimethylarsine, thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive intermediates andcis-thymine glycol were produced. Dimethylarsine appears to induce DNA damage by the mechanism similar to the damage produced by ionizing radiation. 相似文献
3.
Endothelin-3 is a novel neuropeptide: isolation and sequence determination of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in porcine brain 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
O Shinmi S Kimura T Sawamura Y Sugita T Yoshizawa Y Uchiyama M Yanagisawa K Goto T Masaki I Kanazawa 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1989,164(1):587-593
The molecular forms of endothelin (ET) related peptides were investigated in porcine brain by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with three specific radioimmunoassays. ET-1 and its oxidized form were isolated and sequenced as in the case of porcine spinal cord. A very small amount of big ET-1 (1-39) and its C-terminal fragment (big ET-1 (22-39] were also detected. Furthermore, immunoreactive (ir)-ET-3 was isolated and sequenced; its partial primary structure was identical to that of human (rat) ET-3. The concentrations of ir-ET-1 and ir-ET-3 in porcine brain were 140 fmol/g tissue and 5 fmol/g tissue, respectively. These results indicate that besides ET-1, ET-3 is a novel neuropeptide in the central nervous system. 相似文献
4.
Presence of endothelin-1 in porcine spinal cord: isolation and sequence determination 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
O Shinmi S Kimura T Yoshizawa T Sawamura Y Uchiyama Y Sugita I Kanazawa M Yanagisawa K Goto T Masaki 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1989,162(1):340-346
We investigated the molecular forms of endothelin (ET) related peptides in porcine spinal cord by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassays using three antisera raised against ET-1 and C-terminal fragments of ET-1 and big ET-1. ET-1 and its oxidized form were isolated as major immunoreactive peptides and sequenced. Furthermore, immunoreactivities like ET-3 and big ET-1(22-39) (contents: less than 8% and less than 1% of ET-1, respectively) were detected based on their chromatographic retention times and characteristics of immunoreactivity to the antisera. Big ET-1 was only scarcely detected. Immunohistochemical study showed the presence of ET-1-like immunoreactivity in motoneurons, dorsal horn neurons and dot- and fiber-like structures in the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord. These results indicate that ET-1 is present not only in endothelial cells but also in spinal cord, and that big ET-1 is converted into ET-1 in spinal cord by specific processing between Trp21-Val22. The data also indicate that ET-1 may act as a neuropeptide in the central nervous system. 相似文献
5.
The growth inhibitor of African green monkey (BSC-1) cells is transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The growth inhibitory activity in conditioned medium of African green monkey kidney epithelial (BSC-1) cells that has been shown to arise, at least in part, from transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) [Hanks, S. K., Armour, R., Baldwin, J. H., Maldonado, F., Spiess, J., & Holley, R. W. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 79-82] was tested for growth inhibitory activity prior to and following acidification. Similar to TGF-beta 1 from human platelets, the inhibitory activity from BSC-1 cells demonstrated an 8-10-fold stimulation following acidification, showing that the activity was secreted from the cells in latent form. Conditioned medium from BSC-1 cells was collected, acidified, and fractionated by procedures that separate TGF-beta 1 and -2. Biological activity was assayed by using the BSC-1 cell proliferation assay. Two active proteins with properties similar to known TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 were identified. Identity was confirmed by using immunological and amino acid sequencing techniques. These results were consistent with Northern blot analysis of total BSC-1 RNA, using cDNA probes for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2, which demonstrated strong signals for both mRNAs. Metabolic labeling in conjunction with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the cells secrete approximately 10% TGF-beta 1 and 90% TGF-beta 2. 相似文献
6.
Dose and time-dependent mesoderm induction and outgrowth formation by activin A in Xenopus laevis. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
T Ariizumi K Sawamura H Uchiyama M Asashima 《The International journal of developmental biology》1991,35(4):407-414
We examined the quality of mesoderm induced by the action of activin A on the Xenopus presumptive ectoderm when various concentrations and treatment times were employed. The minimum concentration of activin A to induce mesodermal tissues was inversely proportional to its treatment time. The explants differentiated into different types of mesodermal tissues, from ventral-type to dorsal-type depending on the concentration of activin A and its treatment time. To confirm whether activin A has a role in establishing axial organization, activin A was injected into the blastocoel of late blastulae. About 70% of the injected embryos formed secondary tail-shaped outgrowths in which muscle and neural tube differentiated. The amount of activin A to form secondary outgrowths was 0.5-2.5 pg, roughly consistent with the amount estimated from in vitro experiments. As we have detected almost the same amount of activin homologue in the early embryos (Asashima et al., 1991a), we speculate that activin A may be the natural mesodermal inducer, and that it is responsible for establishing axial organization in the Xenopus embryo. 相似文献
7.
T Ohkubo T Tsuda S Sawamura T Katsunuma M Yamamura 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1988,153(3):1167-1172
The role of intestinal flora in the production of anorexigenic substance was investigated. Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were found to produce an anorexigenic substance, while Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis, type 1 and 2) and Staphylococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) did not. The anorexigenic substance was purified and was detected as, a single though broad band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The specific activity of the final form of the purified substance was 120 units/mg carbohydrate. The substance contained no protein residue and appeared to be a lipopolysaccharide. The evidence that intestinal flora produces an anorexigenic substance leads to an interesting assumption that the intestinal flora may be responsible for regulating food intake. 相似文献
8.
A Sawamura N Sperelakis J Azuma S Kishimoto 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》1986,64(5):649-655
The effect of taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) on myocardial slow action potentials (APs) and accompanying contractions was examined in isolated perfused chick hearts and reaggregated cultured cells. Isoproterenol (ISO), histamine (HIS), or tetraethylammonium (TEA) induced slow APs and contractions in hearts whose fast Na+ channels had been inactivated by elevated K+. Taurine (10 mM) not only failed to induce slow APs, but actually decreased ISO (10(-8) M), HIS (10(-4) M), or TEA (10 mM) induced slow APs and contractions transiently (about 30s-2 min after the addition of taurine). The properties of the slow APs recovered to control levels by 7-13 min after the addition of the taurine; at this time, there was an increase in developed tension of the contraction accompanying the slow APs. These results suggest that the positive inotropic action of taurine is not mediated through an increase in the slow inward Ca2+ current. However, the transient depression of Ca2+-dependent slow APs by taurine probably explains the transient negative inotropic effect of taurine. 相似文献
9.
Hybrid females from crosses between Drsophila melanogaster males and females of its sibling species, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, or D. sechellia die as embryos. This lethality is believed to be caused by incompatibility between the X chromosome of D. melanogaster and the maternal cytoplasm. Zygotic hybrid rescue (Zhr) prevents this embryonic lethality and has been cytogenetically mapped to a proximal region of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster, probably in the centromeric heterochromatin. We have carried out high resolution cytological mapping of Zhr using deficiencies and duplications of the X heterochromatin. Deletions of the Zhr
+ gene from the hybrid genome exhibit the Zhr phenotype. On the contrary, addition of the wild-type gene to the hybrid genome causes embryonic lethality, regardless of sex. The Zhr locus has been narrowed down to the region covered by Dp(1;f)1162 but not covered Dp(1;f)1205, a chromosome carrying a duplication of heterochromatin located slightly distal to the In(1)sc
8 heterochromatic breakpoint. 相似文献
10.
Miwako Nishizawa Kazushi Tanabe Taijo Takahashi 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1984,124(3):917-924
DNA topoisomerase activity together with the activities of DNA polymerase were detected in a form tightly associated with rat liver nuclear matrices. DNA polymerase activities were solubilized from the nuclear matrices of regenerating rat livers by sonic treatment followed by extraction of these activities with detergent and salt. The predominant activity was mainly α-polymerase as judged from the size determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. However, only β-polymerase activity was detected in the matrix of normal rat livers. DNA topoisomerase activity, detected in both regenerating and normal liver nuclear matrices, showed a molecular size of about 4 S in sucrose gradient, and was active in the presence of EDTA. These results suggest that this enzyme belongs to type I topoisomerase. 相似文献