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排序方式: 共有241条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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E. Bonnaud F. M. Medina E. Vidal M. Nogales B. Tershy E. Zavaleta C. J. Donlan B. Keitt M. Le Corre S. V. Horwath 《Biological invasions》2011,13(3):581-603
Cats are among the most successful and damaging invaders on islands and a significant driver of extinction and endangerment. Better understanding of their ecology can improve effective management actions such as eradication. We reviewed 72 studies of insular feral cat diet from 40 islands worldwide. Cats fed on a wide range of species from large birds and medium sized mammals to small insects with at least 248 species consumed (27 mammals, 113 birds, 34 reptiles, 3 amphibians, 2 fish and 69 invertebrates). Three mammals, 29 birds and 3 reptiles recorded in the diet of cats are listed as threatened by the IUCN. However, a few species of introduced mammals were the most frequent prey, and on almost all islands mammals and birds contributed most of the daily food intake. Latitude was positively correlated with the predation of rabbits and negatively with the predation of reptiles and invertebrates. Distance from landmass was positively correlated with predation on birds and negatively correlated with the predation of reptiles. The broad range of taxa consumed by feral cats on islands suggests that they have the potential to impact almost any native species, even the smallest ones under several grams, that lack behavioral, morphological or life history adaptations to mammalian predators. Insular feral cat??s reliance on introduced mammals, which evolved with cat predation, suggests that on many islands, populations of native species have already been reduced. 相似文献
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Flix Manuel Medina Tommy Melo Paulo Oliveira Manuel Nogales Pedro Geraldes 《African Journal of Ecology》2021,59(1):88-98
Studies on feral cat diet offer important ecological information and are the first step towards determining their impact upon endangered species. However, in comparing seasonal changes in diet with seasonal prey availability, the scarce amount of research into oceanic islands worldwide must be considered when deciding if a specific population is actually affected by cat predation. Cat diet was analysed on Santa Luzia (Cabo Verde Islands) since this invasive predator is considered one of the main threats to native endangered species that require conservation measures. These previous studies were carried out in different seasons, providing contrasting results, skinks being more preyed upon in the rainy season and mice in the driest periods. To check these different results, we focussed on how cat diet varied seasonally in response to changes in prey abundance. Saurians were the most important prey group, followed by mice, invertebrates and birds. No seasonal differences were, however, observed in the different prey groups consumed, saurians being the main prey in both seasons. All cases reflected their respective abundances. Results corroborate the generalist and opportunistic trophic ecology of feral cats, providing important information to assess their impact on prey populations and design future eradication programmes. 相似文献
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Capsule Faecal DNA gives accurate results of habitat use. 相似文献
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José Manuel Rodríguez‐Nogales Josefina Vila‐Crespo Encarnación Fernández‐Fernández 《Biotechnology progress》2013,29(1):60-65
Entrapment of Oenococcus oeni into a polymeric matrix based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Lentikats®) was successfully used to get a better development of malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wine. The incubation of immobilized cells in a nutrient medium before starting the MLF, did not improve the degradation of malic acid. In only one day, 100% of conversion of malic acid was achieved using a high concentration of immobilized cells (0.35 g gel/ml of wine with a cell‐loading of 0.25 mg cells/mg of gel). While a low concentration of 0.21 g gel/ml of wine (cell‐loading of 0.25 mg cells/mg of gel) needed 3 days to get a reduction of 40%. The entrapped cells could be reused through six cycles (runs of 3 days), retaining 75% of efficacy for the conversion of malic acid into lactic acid. The immobilized cells in PVA hydrogels gave better performance than free cells because of the increase of the alcohol toleration. Consequently, the inhibitory effect of ethanol for developing MLF could be reduced using immobilized cells into PVA hydrogels. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013 相似文献
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Michael Breen Aitor Nogales Steven F. Baker Daniel R. Perez Luis Martínez-Sobrido 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively) cause annual seasonal human respiratory disease epidemics. In addition, IAVs have been implicated in occasional pandemics with inordinate health and economic consequences. Studying influenza viruses in vitro or in vivo requires the use of laborious secondary methodologies to identify infected cells. To circumvent this requirement, replication-competent infectious influenza viruses expressing an easily traceable fluorescent reporter protein can be used. Timer is a fluorescent protein that undergoes a time-dependent color emission conversion from green to red. The rate of spectral change is independent of Timer protein concentration and can be used to chronologically measure the duration of its expression. Here, we describe the generation of replication-competent IAV and IBV where the viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) was fused to the fluorescent dynamic Timer protein. Timer-expressing IAV and IBV displayed similar plaque phenotypes and growth kinetics to wild-type viruses in tissue culture. Within infected cells, Timer’s spectral shift can be used to measure the rate and cell-to-cell spread of infection using fluorescent microscopy, plate readers, or flow cytometry. The progression of Timer-expressing IAV infection was also evaluated in a mouse model, demonstrating the feasibility to characterize IAV cell-to-cell infections in vivo. By providing the ability to chronologically track viral spread, Timer-expressing influenza viruses are an excellent option to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo dynamics of viral infection. 相似文献
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A novel pathway for mineralization of the thiocarbamate herbicide molinate by a defined bacterial mixed culture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barreiros L Nogales B Manaia CM Ferreira AC Pieper DH Reis MA Nunes OC 《Environmental microbiology》2003,5(10):944-953
A bacterial mixed culture able to mineralize molinate was established, through enrichment, using mineral medium with molinate as the only carbon, nitrogen and energy source. The combination of five cultivable isolates, purified from the enrichment culture, permitted the reconstitution of a degrading consortium. Both enrichment and defined cultures were able to mineralize molinate without accumulation of degradation products by the end of the growth. Among the five isolates constituting the defined mixed culture, an actinomycete, strain ON4, was essential for biodegradation, being involved in the cleavage of the thioester bond of molinate, the initial step of the degradation pathway. Isolate ON4 was able to grow on molinate at concentrations below 2 mM, with the accumulation of ethanethiol and diethyl disulphide. These sulphur compounds were toxic to strain ON4 when accumulating at higher concentrations. However, this inhibitory effect was avoided by the presence of other members of the mixed culture, out of which isolates ON1 and ON2 were observed to consume ethanethiol and diethyl disulphide. In this way, interactions among defined mixed culture members involve metabolic and detoxifying association. 相似文献