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1.
Yongbo Hu Erin Webb Jasbir Singh Barry A Morgan James A Gainor Thomas D Gordon Teruna J Siahaan 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(10):8366-8371
The molecular basis of the substrate specificity of Clostridium histolyticum beta-collagenase was investigated using a combinatorial method. An immobilized positional peptide library, which contains 24,000 sequences, was constructed with a 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-propanoyl (Cop) fluorescent group attached at the N terminus of each sequence. This immobilized peptide library was incubated with C. histolyticum beta-collagenase, releasing fluorogenic fragments in the solution phase. The relative substrate specificity (k(cat)/K(m)) for each member of the library was determined by measuring fluorescence intensity in the solution phase. Edman sequencing was used to assign structure to subsites of active substrate mixtures. Collectively, the substrate preference for subsites (P(3)-P(4)') of C. histolyticum beta-collagenase was determined. The last position on the C-terminal side in which the identity of the amino acids affects the activity of the enzyme is P(4)', and an aromatic side chain is preferred in this position. The optimal P(1)'-P(3)' extended substrate sequence is P(1)'-Gly/Ala, P(2)'-Pro/Xaa, and P(3)'-Lys/Arg/Pro/Thr/Ser. The Cop group in either the P(2) or P(3) position is required for a high substrate activity with C. histolyticum beta-collagenase. S(2) and S(3) sites of the protease play a dominant role in fixing the substrate specificity. The immobilized peptide library proved to be a powerful approach for assessing the substrate specificity of C. histolyticum beta-collagenase, so it may be applied to the study of other proteases of interest. 相似文献
2.
Transcriptional regulatory network triggered by oxidative signals configures the early response mechanisms of japonica rice to chilling stress 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
3.
Inflammatory responses mediated by activated microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders. Studies on identification of specific targets to control microglia activation and resultant neurotoxic activity are imperative. Increasing evidence indicate that voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels are involved in the regulation of microglia functionality. In this study, we investigated Kv1.3 channels in the regulation of neurotoxic activity mediated by HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120)-stimulated rat microglia. Our results showed treatment of microglia with gp120 increased the expression levels of Kv1.3 mRNA and protein. In parallel, whole-cell patch-clamp studies revealed that gp120 enhanced microglia Kv1.3 current, which was blocked by margatoxin, a Kv1.3 blocker. The association of gp120 enhancement of Kv1.3 current with microglia neurotoxicity was demonstrated by experimental results that blocking microglia Kv1.3 attenuated gp120-associated microglia production of neurotoxins and neurotoxicity. Knockdown of Kv1.3 gene by transfection of microglia with Kv1.3-siRNA abrogated gp120-associated microglia neurotoxic activity. Further investigation unraveled an involvement of p38 MAPK in gp120 enhancement of microglia Kv1.3 expression and resultant neurotoxic activity. These results suggest not only a role Kv1.3 may have in gp120-associated microglia neurotoxic activity, but also a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
4.
Ai‐Xin Song Chen‐Jie Zhou Xiao Guan Kong‐Hung Sze Hong‐Yu Hu 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2010,19(5):1104-1109
DC‐UbP/UBTD2 is a ubiquitin (Ub) domain‐containing protein first identified from dendritic cells, and is implicated in ubiquitination pathway. The solution structure and backbone dynamics of the C‐terminal Ub‐like (UbL) domain were elucidated in our previous work. To further understand the biological function of DC‐UbP, we then solved the solution structure of the N‐terminal domain of DC‐UbP (DC‐UbP_N) and studied its Ub binding properties by NMR techniques. The results show that DC‐UbP_N holds a novel structural fold and acts as a Ub‐binding domain (UBD) but with low affinity. This implies that the DC‐UbP protein, composing of a combination of both UbL and UBD domains, might play an important role in regulating protein ubiquitination and delivery of ubiquitinated substrates in eukaryotic cells. 相似文献
5.
Yihe Lu Bojie Fu Liding Chen Zhiyun Ouyang Jianying Xu 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2006,15(8):2813-2827
Resolving the conflicts between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development is a global pursuit for the long-run
prospects of the human species. Based on Wenchuan County, a typical county in southwestern China, a group of 20 indicators
quantifying regional biodiversity and socioeconomic development was established to classify and evaluate the county area spatially.
A fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) algorithm was used as the classification method. Three indices including BD, DL and DR characterizing
the value of biodiversity, the level and rate of socioeconomic development of the delineated regions were formulated. The
results indicated that Wenchuan County was optimally classified into 4 types of regions (region I to IV). The area percentages
of the regions vary widely from 4.3 to 65.7%. The sequences of the regions on biodiversity, socioeconomic development level,
and socioeconomic development rate were, respectively, IV > II > III > I, I > III > II > IV and III >I >II >IV. The spatial
strategy on coordinating biodiversity conservation and regional development is to develop mainly from the east(I, II, III)
and to conserve mainly in the west(IV). Eco-industry, such as eco-tourism and eco-agriculture, need to be emphasized in the
process of regional development. The quantitative methods used here may have a wide applicability. 相似文献
6.
7.
In species in which boron (B) mobility is limited, B deficiency only occurs in growing plant organs. As a consequence of the highly localized patterns of plant growth and the general immobility of B it has been extremely difficult to determine the primary function of B in plants. In species in which B is phloem mobile, the removal of B from the growth medium results in the depletion of B present in mature leaves. Thus, it is possible to develop mature leaves with increasingly severe levels of B depletion, thereby overcoming the complications of experiments based on growing tissues. Utilizing this approach we demonstrate here that B depletion of mature plum (Prunus salicina) leaves did not result in any discernible change in leaf appearance, membrane integrity or photosynthetic capacity even though B concentrations were reduced to 6-8 µg/g dwt, which is less than 30% of the reported tissue B requirement. Boron depletion, however, results in a severe disruption of plant growth and metabolism in young growing tissues. This experimental evidence and theoretical considerations suggest that the primary and possibly sole function of B, is as a structural component of growing tissues. 相似文献
8.
Jiao-Qi Wang Jin-Ting He Zhen-Wu Du Zong-Shu Li Yong-Feng Liu Jing Mang Zhong-Xin Xu 《Neurochemical research》2013,38(5):961-971
Ischemic stroke is a major composition of cerebrovascular disease, seriously threatening to human health in the world. Activin A (ActA), belonging to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) super family, plays an important role in the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury through ActA/Smads pathway. While as an essential phosphorylation assistor in TGF-β signaling, the functions and mechanisms of smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) in ischemic brain injury remain poorly understood. To solve this problem and explore the pathological processes of ischemic stroke, we used an Oxygen–Glucose deprivation (OGD) model in nerve growth factor-induced differentiated rattus PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and down regulated the expressions of SARA by RNA interference technology. Our results showed that the repression of SARA before OGD exposure reduced the expressions of Smad2, 3, 4 mRNA and the phosphorylation rate of Smad2 protein, but it did not affect the mRNA expressions of Smad7. After OGD treatment, ActA/Smads pathway was activated and the expression of SARA in the SARA pre-repression group was significantly up-regulated. The pre-repression of SARA increased the sensitivities of nerve-like cells to OGD damage. Moreover, the mRNA expression of Smad7 which was supposed to participate in the negative feedback of ActA/Smads pathway was also elevated due to OGD injury. Taken together, these results suggest a positive role of SARA in assisting the phosphorylation of Smad2 and maintaining the neuron protective effect of ActA/Smads pathway. 相似文献
9.
Fish finders have already been widely available in the fishing market for a number of years.However,the sizes of these fishfinders are too big and their prices are expensive to suit for the research of robotic fish or mini-submarine.The goal of thisresearch is to propose a low-cost fish detector and classifier which suits for underwater robot or submarine as a proximity sensor.With some pre-condition in hardware and algorithms,the experimental results show that the proposed design has good per-formance,with a detection rate of 100 % and a classification rate of 94 %.Both the existing type of fish and the group behaviorcan be revealed by statistical interpretations such as hovering passion and sparse swimming mode. 相似文献
10.
Zenghui Hu Yingbai Shen Fanyi Shen Youqing Luo Xiaohua Su 《Trees - Structure and Function》2009,23(5):1003-1011
Interplant communication has been widely demonstrated in plants, especially in herbaceous plants. In this study, mechanical
damage was shown to affect the levels of pyrochatechol, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and p-hydroxyl benzoic acid in poplar (Populus simonii × P. pyramidalis ‘Opera 8277’) cuttings, indicating the activation of defense response. In neighboring intact cuttings, the levels of those
phenolics also varied when compared to the control, suggesting the interplant communication between poplar cuttings. Three
volatiles, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate and benzothiazole, were detected in volatiles emitted from mechanically damaged
poplar cuttings. All of them can induce changes in the levels of four phenolics. Therefore, they could act as airborne signals
between P. simonii × P. pyramidalis ‘Opera 8277’ cuttings. The different change patterns of phenolic contents induced by different volatiles imply that the defense
response activated in neighboring plants may be regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The results also suggest that the
entire defense response of plants involves a variety of airborne signals in wound-induced volatiles. 相似文献