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1.
Yan Lu Shulin/SL Li Shiguo/SG Zhu Yabin/YB Gong Jun/J Shi Ling/ L Xu 《Biological procedures online》2017,19(1):2
DNA/RNA methylation plays an important role in lung cancer initiation and progression. Liquid biopsy makes use of cells, nucleotides and proteins released from tumor cells into body fluids to help with cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Methylation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gained increasing attention as biomarkers for lung cancer. Here we briefly introduce the biological basis and detection method of ctDNA methylation, and review various applications of methylated DNA in body fluids in lung cancer screening, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment prediction. We also discuss the emerging role of RNA methylation as biomarkers for cancer. 相似文献
2.
Hardies SC; Martin SL; Voliva CF; Hutchison CA d; Edgell MH 《Molecular biology and evolution》1986,3(2):109-125
3.
Skin lesions known as "tattoos", were observed in several captive Atlantic bottlenosed dolphins (tursiops truncatus) maintained at the Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, California. Biopsy of typical lesions and subsequent ultrastructural examination revealed intracytoplasmic particles with poxvirus morphology. 相似文献
4.
Summary Microsomal and soluble fractions of Pleurotus pulmonarius exhibited a reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum with P450 maxima at 448nm and 450–452nm respectively. Substrate induced Type I spectra were observed on addition of benzo(a)pyrene to both fractions. Benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation was measured using the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase assay and was observed to be P450 dependent as indicated by carbon monoxide inhibition together with the substrate binding characteristics. The activity of the fractions were observed to give Km of 200mM and 660mM and Vmax of 1.25 nmol/min/nmol P450 and 0.57 nmol/min/nmol P450 for the microsomal and cytosolic fractions respectively. 相似文献
5.
Bernhard M. Riegl Samuel J. Purkis Peter Houk Genevieve Cabrera Richard E. Dodge 《Coral reefs (Online)》1994,13(1):40-40
International Society for Reef Studies 相似文献
6.
James Houk 《American anthropologist》1998,100(1):206-206
Anthropology of Religion:. Handbook. Stephen D. Glazier. ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997. 542 pp. 相似文献
7.
P. Houk K. Rhodes J. Cuetos-Bueno S. Lindfield V. Fread J. L. McIlwain 《Coral reefs (Online)》2012,31(1):13-26
A dearth of scientific data surrounding Micronesia’s coral-reef fisheries has limited their formal assessment and continues
to hinder local and regional management efforts. We approach this problem by comparing catch-based datasets from market landings
across Micronesia to evaluate fishery status in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, Yap, and Pohnpei.
Initial examinations found that calm weather and low lunar illumination predicted between 6% (Yap) and 30% (CNMI) of the variances
in daily commercial landings. Both environmentally driven catch success and daily catch variability increased in accordance
with reef-fish demand indices. Subsequent insight from species composition and size-at-capture data supported these findings,
highlighting reduced trophic levels and capture sizes where higher human-population-per-reef-area existed. Among the 12–15
target species and/or species complexes that accounted for 70% of the harvest biomass, capture sizes were consistently smallest
for CNMI and Guam, often below the reported mean reproductive sizes. Comparatively, Pohnpei has the greatest potential for
reef fisheries, with a large reef area (303 km2) and a moderate human population (34,000 people). However, the estimated harvest volume of 476 mt year−1 was 8–9 times higher than other jurisdictions. Even on Yap where the reef-fish demand index was lowest (67.7 people km−2 reef habitat), many target fish were harvested below their mean reproductive sizes, including the iconic green bumphead parrotfish
and humphead wrasse, as well as several other herbivores. We discuss our results with respect to the contemporary doctrine
surrounding size-spectra, catch composition, and catch frequencies that afford insight into fishery pressure and status. We
posit that regional catch-based policies (initially) instituted at the market level, combined with area and gear-based restrictions,
represent plausible vectors for improving Micronesian fisheries. 相似文献
8.
Sara E. Cannon Simon D. Donner Angela Liu Pedro C. González Espinosa Andrew H. Baird Julia K. Baum Andrew G. Bauman Maria Beger Cassandra E. Benkwitt Matthew J. Birt Yannick Chancerelle Joshua E. Cinner Nicole L. Crane Vianney Denis Martial Depczynski Nur Fadli Douglas Fenner Christopher J. Fulton Yimnang Golbuu Nicholas A. J. Graham James Guest Hugo B. Harrison Jean-Paul A. Hobbs Andrew S. Hoey Thomas H. Holmes Peter Houk Fraser A. Januchowski-Hartley Jamaluddin Jompa Chao-Yang Kuo Gino Valentino Limmon Yuting V. Lin Timothy R. McClanahan Dominic Muenzel Michelle J. Paddack Serge Planes Morgan S. Pratchett Ben Radford James Davis Reimer Zoe T. Richards Claire L. Ross John Rulmal Jr. Brigitte Sommer Gareth J. Williams Shaun K. Wilson 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(12):3318-3330
Scientists and managers rely on indicator taxa such as coral and macroalgal cover to evaluate the effects of human disturbance on coral reefs, often assuming a universally positive relationship between local human disturbance and macroalgae. Despite evidence that macroalgae respond to local stressors in diverse ways, there have been few efforts to evaluate relationships between specific macroalgae taxa and local human-driven disturbance. Using genus-level monitoring data from 1205 sites in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, we assess whether macroalgae percent cover correlates with local human disturbance while accounting for factors that could obscure or confound relationships. Assessing macroalgae at genus level revealed that no genera were positively correlated with all human disturbance metrics. Instead, we found relationships between the division or genera of algae and specific human disturbances that were not detectable when pooling taxa into a single functional category, which is common to many analyses. The convention to use percent cover of macroalgae as an indication of local human disturbance therefore likely obscures signatures of local anthropogenic threats to reefs. Our limited understanding of relationships between human disturbance, macroalgae taxa, and their responses to human disturbances impedes the ability to diagnose and respond appropriately to these threats. 相似文献
9.
Marcheschi RJ Li H Zhang K Noey EL Kim S Chaubey A Houk KN Liao JC 《ACS chemical biology》2012,7(4):689-697
Nature uses four methods of carbon chain elongation for the production of 2-ketoacids, fatty acids, polyketides, and isoprenoids. Using a combination of quantum mechanical (QM) modeling, protein-substrate modeling, and protein and metabolic engineering, we have engineered the enzymes involved in leucine biosynthesis for use as a synthetic "+1" recursive metabolic pathway to extend the carbon chain of 2-ketoacids. This modified pathway preferentially selects longer-chain substrates for catalysis, as compared to the non-recursive natural pathway, and can recursively catalyze five elongation cycles to synthesize bulk chemicals, such as 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, and phenylpropanol directly from glucose. The "+1" chemistry is a valuable metabolic tool in addition to the "+5" chemistry and "+2" chemistry for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, fatty acids, or polyketides. 相似文献
10.
Torbett NE Luna-Moran A Knight ZA Houk A Moasser M Weiss W Shokat KM Stokoe D 《The Biochemical journal》2008,415(1):97-110
The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway regulates cell proliferation, survival and migration and is consequently of great interest for targeted cancer therapy. Using a panel of small-molecule PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors in a diverse set of breast cancer cell lines, we have demonstrated that the biochemical and biological responses were highly variable and dependent on the genetic alterations present. p110alpha inhibitors were generally effective in inhibiting the phosphorylation of PKB (protein kinase B)/Akt and S6, two downstream components of PI3K signalling, in most cell lines examined. In contrast, p110beta-selective inhibitors only reduced PKB/Akt phosphorylation in PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) mutant cell lines, and was associated with a lesser decrease in S6 phosphorylation. PI3K inhibitors reduced cell viability by causing cell-cycle arrest in the G(1) phase, with multi-targeted inhibitors causing the most potent effects. Cells expressing mutant Ras were resistant to the cell-cycle effects of PI3K inhibition, which could be reversed using inhibitors of Ras signalling pathways. Taken together, our data indicate that these compounds, alone or in suitable combinations, may be useful as breast cancer therapeutics, when used in appropriate genetic contexts. 相似文献