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1.
Catherine Ronin Herman van Halbeek Johannah GM Mutsaers Johannes F G Vliegenthart 《Glycoconjugate journal》1987,4(3):247-254
The lipid-linked precursor ofN-type glycoprotein oligosaccharides was isolated from porcine thyroid microsomes after in cubation with UDP[3H] Glucose. The carbohydrate was released from dolichol pyrophosphate by mild acid hydrolysis, purified by gel filtration and characterized by 500-MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with enzymatic degradation. The parent oligosaccharide was found to be Glc3Man9Glc-NAc2. The three glucose residues are present in the linear sequence Glcα1-2Glα1-3 Glc, the latter being α(1-3)-linked to one of the mannose residues. In order to establish the branch location of the triglucosyl unit, the parent compound was digested with jack-bean α-mannosidase. The oligosaccharide product was purified by gel filtration, and identified by1H-NMR as Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 lacking the mannose residues A, D2, B and D3. Therefore, the structure of the precursor oligosaccharide is as follows: $$\begin{gathered} c b a D_1 C 4 \hfill \\ Glc\alpha 1 - 2Glc\alpha 1 - 3Glc\alpha 1 - 3Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 \hfill \\ 3 \swarrow 3 2 1 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 Man\beta 1 - 4GlcNAc\beta 1 - 4GlcNAc \hfill \\ D_{2 } A 3 6 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 \hfill \\ 6 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 \nwarrow 4 \hfill \\ D_3 B \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ 相似文献
2.
The water-relations parameters of Chara inflata cells were determineddirectly using the micro pressure probe technique. The turgorpressure of cells in artificial pond water (0 = 0.06 MPa) wasabout 0.65 MPa and the half-time (T1/2) for water exchange wasabout 6.5 s. The calculated values of the hydraulic conductivity(LP) were in the range 12 ? 106m s1 (MPa)1.The volumetric elastic modulus () was 32.8 MPa for turgor rangingfrom 0.77 to 0.82 MPa. Large changes in the water-relations parameters and the electricalproperties of the membrane occurred when the turgor was decreasedto low values. These changes included: (i) a decrease in theT1/2 for water exchange, (ii) an increase in LP and (iii) depolarizationof the membrane potential difference (Vm). The micro pressure probe, which enabled the turgor pressureof the cell to be altered, was used in combination with thevoltage-clamp technique to determine the relationship betweenK+ and Cl conductances of the plasmalemma and the cellturgor. The K+ conductance increased reversibly as the turgorwas reduced in the range 0 to 0.6 MPa and the Cl -conductanceincreased as the turgor was reduced in the range 0.1 to 0.5MPa. It is suggested that these pressure-dependent K+ and Clconductances may have a dual role in electrical events and thenon-electrical responses such as changes in the cell volume. Key words: Chara inflata, membrane conductances, ion channels, water-relations parameters 相似文献
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Sebastian Dolff Daniel Quandt Benjamin Wilde Thorsten Feldkamp Fan Hua Xin Cai Christof Specker Andreas Kribben Cees GM Kallenberg Oliver Witzke 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(4):R150
Introduction
There is growing evidence that interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies showed that increased percentages of T-cell subsets expressing the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD134 are associated with disease activity and renal involvement in SLE. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and phenotypical characteristics of IL-17 producing T-cells in SLE, in particular in patients with lupus nephritis, with emphasis on the expression of CD80 and CD134. 相似文献6.
The electrical conductance of the plasmalemma of cells of Charainflata, due to the diffusion of ions, consists predominantlyof K+, Cl and leak components. When the membrane electricalpotential difference is stepped in a negative direction witha voltage-clamp, the resulting inward current has componentsIK, ICl and IL (leak). During such voltage-clamp steps IK isinactivated, and Ic activated with voltage-dependent half-times.Increases in the external NaCl concentration reduce the magnitudeof IK and increase the magnitude of Ic, but reduce the half-timeof inactivation or activation. The NaCl-induced changes in Ikand ICl and their kinetics were more pronounced at pH0 =6.5than at pH0 =9.5. When the concentration of external CaCl2 wasincreased, Ik, ICl and the half-time of inactivation, (T1/2),of Ik were all reduced. The half-time of activation of ICl wasincreased. The NaCI-induced changes could result from increases in bothexternal ion concentration and osmotic pressure. Previous experimentshave shown that an increase in external osmotic pressure alonealters the properties of the conductances. In this paper weattempt to separate the purely ionic effects from the osmoticones. Key words: Chara inflata, ionic effects, K+ and Cl currents 相似文献
7.
Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
T. A. BRANCH K. M. STAFFORD D. M. PALACIOS C. ALLISON J. L. BANNISTER C. L. K. BURTON E. CABRERA C. A. CARLSON B. GALLETTI VERNAZZANI P. C. GILL R. HUCKE‐GAETE K. C. S. JENNER M.‐N. M. JENNER K. MATSUOKA Y. A. MIKHALEV T. MIYASHITA M. G. MORRICE S. NISHIWAKI V. J. STURROCK D. TORMOSOV R. C. ANDERSON A. N. BAKER P. B. BEST P. BORSA R. L. BROWNELL JR S. CHILDERHOUSE K. P. FINDLAY T. GERRODETTE A. D. ILANGAKOON M. JOERGENSEN B. KAHN D. K. LJUNGBLAD B. MAUGHAN R. D. MCCAULEY S. MCKAY T. F. NORRIS S. RANKIN F. SAMARAN D. THIELE K. VAN WAEREBEEK R. M. WARNEKE 《Mammal Review》2007,37(2):116-175
- 1 Blue whale locations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of ≥8058 whales), strandings (103), Discovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings.
- 2 Sighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort. Groups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. Sighting rates (groups per 1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in the waters of Brazil, South Africa, the eastern tropical Pacific, Antarctica and South Georgia; higher in the Subantarctic and Peru; and highest around Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Chile, southern Australia and south of Madagascar.
- 3 Blue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering.
- 4 Compared with historical catches, the Antarctic (‘true’) subspecies is exceedingly rare and usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. In summer they are found throughout the Antarctic; in winter they migrate to southern Africa (although recent sightings there are rare) and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the Antarctic.
- 5 Pygmy blue whales are found around the Indian Ocean and from southern Australia to New Zealand. At least four groupings are evident: northern Indian Ocean, from Madagascar to the Subantarctic, Indonesia to western and southern Australia, and from New Zealand northwards to the equator. Sighting rates are typically much higher than for Antarctic blue whales.
- 6 South‐east Pacific blue whales have a discrete distribution and high sighting rates compared with the Antarctic. Further work is needed to clarify their subspecific status given their distinctive genetics, acoustics and length frequencies.
- 7 Antarctic blue whales numbered 1700 (95% Bayesian interval 860–2900) in 1996 (less than 1% of original levels), but are increasing at 7.3% per annum (95% Bayesian interval 1.4–11.6%). The status of other populations in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean is unknown because few abundance estimates are available, but higher recent sighting rates suggest that they are less depleted than Antarctic blue whales.
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Arends S Brouwer E van der Veer E Groen H Leijsma MK Houtman PM Th A Jansen TL Kallenberg CG Spoorenberg A 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(3):R94
Introduction
Identifying ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients who are likely to benefit from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blocking therapy is important, especially in view of the costs and potential side effects of these agents. Recently, the AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) has been developed to assess both subjective and objective aspects of AS disease activity. However, data about the predictive value of the ASDAS with respect to clinical response to TNF-α blocking therapy are lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify baseline predictors of response and discontinuation of TNF-α blocking therapy in AS patients in daily clinical practice. 相似文献10.
de Groot L Hinkema H Westra J Smit AJ Kallenberg CG Bijl M Posthumus MD 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(6):R205