A new role for PGRP-S (Tag7) in immune defense: lymphocyte migration is induced by a chemoattractant complex of Tag7 with Mts1

PGRP-S (Tag7) is an innate immunity protein involved in the antimicrobial defense systems, both in insects and in mammals. We have previously shown that Tag7 specifically interacts with several proteins, including Hsp70 and the calcium binding protein S100A4 (Mts1), providing a number of novel cellular functions. Here we show that Tag7–Mts1 complex causes chemotactic migration of lymphocytes, with NK cells being a preferred target. Cells of either innate immunity (neutrophils and monocytes) or acquired immunity (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes) can produce this complex, which confirms the close connection between components of the 2 branches of immune response.     

The larvae of Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) (Camarodonta: Diadematidae) from South China Sea

Abstract

Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) develops from small isolecithal eggs with a diameter of 84 ± 3 μm. Embryonic development took about 6.5–7 h and finished when a blastula left the fertilization envelope and became a larva. At this stage, the first pigment cells had appeared. At 23 h a prism developed; at 44 h a pluteus with one pair of arms had appeared; at 45 h of development plutei had two pairs of arms. The pigment cells colour the pluteus of D. setosum dark red. When 20-day-old larvae were mechanically stimulated, they flared their arms which may be defensive behaviour. During further development, the post oral arms of plutei grew to 1900 μm or more. Metamorphosis took place at about 40–45 days. At this time, five primary ambulacral podia were visible within the larval body. The duration of metamorphosis from the moment of larval settlement until the juvenile sea urchins began to move along the bottom was 40–60 min. The diameter of the test of the newly metamorphosed juvenile sea urchins was about 500 μm.     

吐鲁番市胃食管反流病发生相关危险因素分析（附280例报道）

目的：探讨280例胃食管反流病（GERD）的分布特点及危险因素。方法：对临床诊断和胃镜确诊的280例GERD患者进行临床和风险因子相关性分析。结果：不论汉族还是维族,男性患者比例均明显高于女性;汉族患者高发年龄段早于维族患者（z=-2．939,P=0．003,）;汉族和维族患者占反流性食管炎和Barrett食管比例分别为42．4％、81_3％及56．5％、18．8％,其中汉族患者Barrett食管比例较高（X2=14．358,P=0．000）;肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动者、饮食习惯不良在维族患者中的比例较高（P〈0．001）。结论：GERD与性别、年龄密切相关,男性多于女性,汉族患者发病年龄高峰旱于维族患者;汉族患者Barrett食管发生比例高于维族患者;肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动、饮食习惯不良可能是GERD尤其是维族人群GERD的危险因素。     

High level of genetic divergence between sympatric color morphs of the littoral sea anemone Anthopleura orientalis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria)

Using enzyme electrophoresis and nematocyst analysis, the sympatrically occurring "light" and "dark" color morphs of the sea anemone Anthopleura orientalis from the Sea of Japan were shown to be two valid species. The "light" morph was identified as A. orientalis (Averintsev, 1967 Issledovaniya fauny morei: Vyp. 5 (13). Nanka, Leningrad, pp. 62-77), while the "dark" morph was designated as Anthopleura sp. The analysis of 21 isozyme loci revealed high value of Nei's genetic distance (D=1.284) between the two species, which are indistinguishable in their external morphology. The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities for A. orientalis and Anthopleura sp. are high (H(o)=0.252+/-0.061, H(e)=0.250+/-0.061 and H(o)=0.327+/-0.052, H(e)=0.351+/-0.054, respectively). The species differ significantly in the size of spirocysts and nematocysts, among which the atrichs from acrorhagi and the basitrichs from actinopharynx contribute most to the observed difference. Strong qualitative difference is revealed between distributions of nematocysts in mesenteric filaments of the two sea anemone species studied. The possible conspecificity of Anthopleura sp. with Anthopleura artemisia (Dana, 1848) is discussed and the conclusion made that these are two separate species.     

湖南省双季稻生产系统碳效率

提高农作物生产系统的碳效率是实现低碳农业的重要途径之一.本文采用2004—2012年农作物产量、农田作物生产系统农资投入等统计数据,利用生命周期法和投入产出法,对湖南省双季稻生产系统碳排放、碳吸收和碳效率特征及其动态进行估算.结果表明:湖南省2004—2012年双季稻生产系统年均碳排放总量为656.4×107kg CE,其中化肥和农药生产运输碳排放占农资投入碳排放总量的大部分,分别约占70.0%和15.9%,碳排放总量年际间持续降低,年均降低率为2.4%,碳排放强度则表现为增长趋势;湖南双季稻生产系统2004—2012年年均碳吸收总量为1547.0×107kg C,也呈现逐年降低的趋势,年降低率为1.2%,单位面积稻田碳吸收强度则表现为增长趋势;碳生产效率呈现缓慢增加的趋势,碳经济效率随着年份递进增加幅度较大,年均增长率为9.9%,碳生态效率则表现为稳定且较低,保持在2.4kg C·kg-1CE左右.表明湖南近几年双季稻生产系统碳综合效率提高缓慢,降低肥料和农药的投入量,提高利用效率是提高双季稻生产系统碳效率的关键.     

无症状吸烟者的肺功能改变情况分析

目的:探讨烟龄≥15年,日吸烟量≥15支的无症状男性吸烟者的肺功能改变情况。方法:选择男性无症状吸烟者190人及非吸烟者180人,进行肺功能测定,并比较两组人群的肺功能改变情况。结果:吸烟组与非吸烟组比较,肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、Tiffeneau 1秒率(FEV1/VC)结果改变不明显,而Gaensler 1秒率(FEV1/FVC)、最大分钟通气量(MVV)、用力呼气50%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF50%)、用力呼气75%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF75%)、呼出25%～75%肺活量时的平均流量(FEF25%～75%)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)结果均有显著降低,有统计学意义。结论:通过对无症状吸烟人群肺功能测定结果进行分析。发现有些吸烟者虽无临床症状,但已经出现了小气道及肺弥散功能的损伤,提醒吸烟者应早期戒烟,关爱自身健康,净化生存环境,提高生活质量。     

棉叶中棉酚的快速提取与测定方法研究

棉酚(G)及其相关物甲氧基半棉酚(DHG)、半棉酚酮(HGQ)、半棉酚(HG)、杀实夜蛾素(H1-4)等是棉花中重要的抗虫性萜烯类次生物质.利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对棉酚及其相关物进行了分离,测定了棉叶中的棉酚含量,讨论了不同的提取方法和测定条件对结果的影响,给出了一套简便、快速的分析测试方法,同时与紫外-可见分光光度法(苯胺法)的结果进行了对比,认为对于棉花的抗虫性的研究来说,HPLC是比较适宜的方法.     

Finding of the Hydromedusa Hydractinia minima (Trinci, 1903) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Hydractiniidae) in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan

The first finding of the hydromedusa Hydractinia minima (Trinci, 1903) in plankton of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) is reported. The hydromedusae are 0.24–0.51 mm in bell diameter and 0.25–0.53 mm in height. The size characteristics of the nematocysts of this species (desmonemes and microbasic euryteles) are given. H. minima is present in the plankton of Peter the Great Bay from June through October at water temperatures of 16.4 to 22°C with the highest mean monthly density of 151 ind./m³. The finding of H. minima in Peter the Great Bay extends the area of this species in the North Pacific to the low-boreal subzone.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Biologiya Morya, Chaplygina, Dautova.     

Water permeability ofElodeacells and cytoplasm motion

The reduction of the rotational chloroplast motion velocity (CMV) during the exposure of Elodea cells to hypertonic solutions of PEG-4000 is satisfactorily described by an exponent. The dynamics of reduction correlates with the dynamic equilibration time (T_eq) between osmotic potentials of cell cytoplasm and external solution. The acceleration of the chloroplast motion, for example by gadolinium ions, results in the reduction of T_eq, and this is supposed to be due to the increase of the con tribution of the near-membrane Nernst layers to transmembrane transfer resistance resulting from the «blowing-off» of a part of the layer by moving cytoplasm.     

Use of lipids for chemotaxonomy of octocorals (Cnidaria: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcyonaria</Emphasis>)

The relationship between taxonomic position and the lipid composition of octocorals from coastal waters of Vietnam was investigated. The principal component analysis of the total fatty acid (FA) composition of 64 coral specimens showed that total FAs are markers at the family level. A good distinction was obtained between antipatarians, gorgonians, and alcyonarians. Azooxanthellate corals of the genus Dendronephthya formed a separate group. The alcyonarian genera Sinularia, Lobophytum, and Sarcophyton were distinguished only by the composition of polyunsaturated FAs. The taxon-specific composition of FAs in octocorals is likely to be determined by differences in the nutrition of food sources, symbiont composition, and the enzymatic activity of FA biosynthesis.