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Jiayan Li Daiwen Chen Bing Yu Jun He Zhiqing Huang Xiangbing Mao Ping Zheng Jie Yu Junqiu Luo Gang Tian Yuheng Luo 《Microbial biotechnology》2020,13(2):509-521
Despite their important roles in host nutrition and metabolism, and potential to cause disease, our knowledge of the fungal community in the mammalian gut is quite limited. To date, diversity and composition of fungi in swine gut still remains unknown. Therefore, the first internal transcribed spacer of fungi in faecal samples from three breeds of pigs (10 pigs for each breed) was sequenced based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the relationship between the fungal community and the concentrations of main short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also analysed. Results indicated that Chenghua (local, higher body fat rate), Yorkshire (foreign, higher lean meat and growth rate) and Tibetan (plateau, stronger disease resistance) pigs harboured distinct fungal community. The Basidiomycota and Ascomycota presented as the two predominant phyla, with Loreleia, Russula and Candida as the top three genera in all samples. Network analysis revealed a total of 35 correlations among different fungal genera, with 27 (77.14%) positive and 8 (22.86%) negative pairwise interactions. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that fungi in the faeces of pigs were more correlated to the concentration of acetate and butyrate rather than propionate. Spearman’s correlation further showed that Tomentella was positively correlated to both acetate and butyrate, and Loreleia was positively correlated to propionate (P < 0.05), while Nephroma and Taiwanofungus were negatively correlated to acetate and propionate (P < 0.05). These findings expanded our knowledge on the intestinal fungi in pigs with different genotypes and phenotypes, indicating that fungi may play an indispensable role during the metabolism of host and the maintenance of intestinal health. The cross-feeding between fungi and other microorganisms may be crucial during the digestion of dietary carbohydrates and the associated physiological processes, which is worthy to be further studied. 相似文献
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A simple scheme is presented for the suppression of dispersive contributions to cross peaks in HNCO-type spectra where the 15N chemical shift is recorded in a constant-time manner immediately prior to the transfer from 15 N to 1HN at the end of the sequence. These dispersive contributions arise when the delay for refocusing the 15N-13CO one-bond coupling is set to less than 0.5/1JN,CO and when 2 JHN,CO 0. Improvements in sensitivity in 1HN detected experiments recorded on 15 N,13C-labeled samples can be realized by application of 13CO/13
decoupling during acquisition. Sensitivity gains on the order of 15% and 5% have been obtained for an SH3 domain (62 residues) and maltose binding protein (370 residues), respectively. 相似文献
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A 4D TROSY-based triple resonance experiment, 4D-HNCOi–1CAi, is presented which correlates intra-residue 1HN, 15N, 13 C chemical shifts with the carbonyl (13C) shift of the preceding residue. The experiment is best used in concert with recently described 4D TROSY-HNCOCA and -HNCACO experiments [Yang, D. and Kay, L.E. (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 2571–2575]. In cases where degeneracy of (1HN,15N) spin pairs precludes assignment using the HNCOCA and HNCACO, the HNCOi–1CAi often allows resolution of the ambiguity by linking the 13C and 13C spins surrounding the (1HN,15N) pair. The experiment is demonstrated on a sample of 15N, 13C, 2 H labeled maltose binding protein in complex with -cyclodextrin that tumbles with a correlation time of 46 ns. 相似文献
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Daiwen Yang Ronald A. Venters Geoffrey A. Mueller W.Y. Choy Lewis E. Kay 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》1999,14(4):333-343
HNCO-based 3D pulse schemes are presented for measuring 1HN-15N,15N-13CO, 1HN-13CO,13CO-13C and 1HN-13C dipolar couplings in 15N,13C,2-labeled proteins. The experiments are based on recently developed TROSY methodology for improving spectral resolution and sensitivity. Data sets recorded on a complex of Val, Leu, Ile (1 only) methyl protonated 15N,13C,2H-labeled maltose binding protein and -cyclodextrin as well as 15N,13C,2H-labeled human carbonic anhydrase II demonstrate that precise dipolar couplings can be obtained on proteins in the 30–40 kDa molecular weight range. These couplings will serve as powerful restraints for obtaining global folds of highly deuterated proteins. 相似文献
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Mengmeng Xu Long Che Dingyue Wang Zhenguo Yang Pan Zhang Yan Lin Zhengfeng Fang Lianqiang Che Jian Li Daiwen Chen De Wu Shengyu Xu 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Time-dependent expression of functional proteins in fetal ovaries is important to understand the developmental process of the ovary. This study was carried out to enhance our understanding of the developmental process of porcine fetal ovaries and to better address the differences in fetal ovary development of local and foreign pigs. The objective of the present study is to test the expression of key proteins that regulate the growth and development of fetal ovaries in Meishan and Yorkshire porcine breeds by using proteomics technology. Six Meishan and 6 Yorkshire pregnant gilts were used in this experiment. Fetal ovaries were obtained from Yorkshire and Meishan gilts on days 55 and 90 of the gestation period. Using 2D-DIGE (two dimensional-difference in gel electrophoresis) analysis, the results showed that there are about 1551 and 1400 proteins in gilt fetal ovaries on days 55 and 90, respectively of the gestation. Using MALDI TOF-TOF MS analysis, 27 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the fetal ovaries of the 2 breeds on day 55 of gestation, and a total of 18 proteins were identified on day 90 of gestation. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in the regulation of biological processes (cell death, stress response, cytoskeletal proteins) and molecular functions (enzyme regulator activity). We also found that alpha-1-antitrypsin, actin, vimentin, and PP2A proteins promote the formation of primordial follicles in the ovaries of Yorkshire pigs on day 55 of gestation while low expression heat shock proteins and high expression alpha-fetoproteins (AFP) may promote Meishan fetal ovarian follicular development on day 90 of gestation. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how reduced expression of heat shock proteins and increased expression of AFP can significantly reduce the risk of reproductive disease in obese Meishan sows. Our study also shows how these proteins can increase the ovulation rate and may be responsible for the low reproductive efficiency reported in other obese breeds. The ovarian developmental potential was found to be greater in Meishan pigs than in Yorkshire pigs. 相似文献
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Zhengfeng Fang Kang Yao Xiaoling Zhang Shengjun Zhao Zhihong Sun Gang Tian Bing Yu Yan Lin Biquan Zhu Gang Jia Keying Zhang Daiwen Chen De Wu 《Amino acids》2010,39(3):633-640
Sulfur amino acids (SAA), particularly methionine and cysteine, are critical for the gut to maintain its functions including the digestion, absorption and metabolism of nutrients, the immune surveillance of the intestinal epithelial layer and regulation of the mucosal response to foreign antigens. However, the metabolism of SAA in the gut, specifically the transmethylation of methionine, will result in a net release of homocysteine, which is shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke. Furthermore, the extensive catabolism of dietary methionine by the intestine or by luminal microbes may result in a decrease in nutritional efficiency. Therefore, the regulation of SAA metabolism in the gut is not only nutritionally relevant, but also relevant to the overall health and well-being. The superiority of dl-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate to dl-methionine in decreasing homocysteine production, alleviating stress responses, and reducing the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary methionine may provide a promising implication for nutritional strategies to manipulate SAA metabolism and thus to improve the nutrition and health status of animals and perhaps humans. 相似文献
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Yang D 《Protein and peptide letters》2011,18(4):380-395
Protein side chain dynamics is associated with protein stability, folding, and intermolecular interactions. Detailed dynamics information is crucial for the understanding of protein function and biochemical and biophysical properties, which can be obtained using NMR relaxation techniques. In this review, (13)C relaxation of methine, methylene and methyl groups with and without (1)H decoupling are described briefly for a better understanding of how spin relaxation is associated with motional (dynamics) parameters. Developments in the measurement and interpretation of (13)C auto-relaxation and cross-correlated relaxation data are presented too. Finally, recent progress in the use of (13)C relaxation to probe the dynamics of protein side chains is detailed mainly for the dynamics of non-deuterated proteins on picoseconds-nanosecond timescales. 相似文献