细胞质膜在罗非鱼和叉尾斗鱼低温驯化过程中的功能

研究通过一系列科学的指标,比如死亡温度、累计温度处理时间和存活率曲线,检测并比较了吉富罗非鱼和叉尾斗鱼的低温耐受能力,然后系统地检测了在两种鱼中,低温对一系列与细胞膜相关的生理指标的影响,包括细胞膜流动性、内吞作用和膜蛋白Na+, K+ -ATPase的活性。实验结果显示叉尾斗鱼比吉富罗非鱼有着明显优良的耐寒力。两种鱼内与细胞膜相关的生理指标都对温度敏感,但是具体的敏感程度却在耐寒种(叉尾斗鱼)和不耐寒种(吉富罗非鱼)之间存在显著差异。在具体每个物种内部,与细胞膜相关的一系列生理功能对温度的敏感程度是一致的。所有这些种间差异性和种内一致性都使得细胞膜流动性在物种耐寒过程中的重要性凸显出来。结果揭示细胞质膜,尤其是质膜流动性可能在这两种鱼对低温适应过程中扮演重要的角色。       

The formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp × common carp hybrids by androgenesis

Bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (A0) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. In this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (AT) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (♀) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (♂) were used to fertilize the UV-treated hap- loid eggs of goldfish (Carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. The A0 became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each other to form their offspring (A1). In this study, we observed the chromosomal number, gonadal structure and appearance of A1 fish. The results are as follows: (1) In A1, there were 85% tetraploids (A1-4n), 10% triploids (A1-3n) and 5% diploids (A1-2n), suggesting that diploid A0 could produce diploid gametes. It was concluded that the formation of diploid gametes generated from diploid A0 was probably related to the mechanism of pre-meiotic endoreduplication. (2) Among A1, only A1-4n possessed normal ovaries and testes. The mature males of A1-4n produced white semen. Under the electron microscope, the head of diploid sperm generated by A1-4n was bigger than that of haploid sperm generated by red crucian carp. In the testes of the A1-4n, there were many mature normal spermatozoa with a head bearing plasma mem- brane and a tail having the typical structure of "9 2" microtubules. Between the head and the tail, there were some mitochondria. The ovaries of A1-4n developed well and mainly contained II, III and IV-stage oocytes. The IV-stage oocytes were surrounded by inner and outer follicular cells. The micropyle was observed on the oolemma of follicular cells. There were abundant yolks and plenty of endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of IV-stage oocytes. Because A1-2n and A1-3n were distant crossing diploid hybrids and triploid hybrids respectively, they possessed abnormal gonads, and no mature semen and eggs were observed. (3) Compared with allotetraploids, the A1-4n fish not only had advantages such as fast growth rate and strong resistibility but also showed some new good performances such as high ratio of body width to body length, smaller heads and shorter tails. These results indicated that an- drogenesis could produce bisexual fertile tetraploids and improve the shape of allotetraploid hybrids as well, which will be of great significance in both the cell genetics research and fish breeding.     

原发性子宫大B细胞淋巴瘤一例报告及文献复习

摘要 目的：总结原发性子宫恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现、影像及病理学特点,以期提高对原发性子宫恶性淋巴瘤的认识及诊治水平。方法：通过PubMed、万方、维普、中国知网数据库检索2001年1月至2019年12月报道的原发性子宫恶性淋巴瘤的文献,结合首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院收治的1例原发性子宫大B细胞淋巴瘤的病例资料,对此类患者临床表现、影像及病理学特点、治疗方案及预后进行总结。结果：患者女,64岁,发现盆腔肿物半月伴有绝经后阴道流血,盆腔CT提示：宫体与宫颈局部巨大团块状软组织密度灶,宫底及宫体上段可见内膜。宫腔镜下组织活检病理：（宫内物）符合低分化恶性肿瘤,结合免疫组化结果,诊断原发性子宫大B细胞淋巴瘤。行开腹全子宫及双侧附件、大网膜及腹膜后淋巴结清扫术,术后接受CHOP方案化疗六程,现治疗后随访17月,未发现复发。结论：原发性子宫恶性淋巴瘤极少见,组织学上以大B 细胞淋巴瘤为主,临床表现缺乏特异性。最终需要结合免疫组化确诊。该疾病恶性程度高,治疗上以根治性手术联合化疗为主,预后较差。     

刺楸中酚性成分研究

采用常压柱色谱、半制备型高效液相色谱以及制备型薄层色谱等色谱技术结合重结晶等分离纯化手段,从刺楸根中分离得到6个酚性化学成分,通过理化性质和波谱分析鉴定所得化合物分别为苔色酸乙酯(1),2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸(2),香草醛(3),原儿茶醛(4),原儿茶酸(5)和3-甲氧基苯甲醛(6).所有化合物均为首次从该属植物中获得.     

地方稻资源D43的开花期耐热特性研究

水稻在抽穗开花期对高温胁迫非常敏感,通过挖掘耐热资源,培育耐热水稻品种是应对高温热害最有效的方式。前期研究发现,地方稻资源D43在花期连续高温条件下能保持较高的结实率。本研究在大田和人工气候室不同高温处理下,分析了D43的开花时间与耐热性之间的相互关系。结果表明,高温能够使水稻的开花时间提前,D43表现出稳定的早花时特性,高温胁迫下的开花时间集中在8∶30~10∶00;在开花时间段恒定高温胁迫下,D43的结实率较低;但在大田高温和人工气候室模拟高温胁迫下,D43的开花时间避开了日高温段,从而表现出较高的结实率;花器官形态性状包括花药开裂率、柱头上的花粉附着数、花粉萌发数与结实率之间呈显著正相关,因此可用于评价水稻的花期耐热性。     

豹斑火焰兰的离体快速繁殖

1 植物名称豹斑火焰兰(Renanthera monachica Ames). 2 材料类别种子. 3 培养条件种子萌发培养基:(1)VW;(2)VW+100 mL·L-1椰子乳;(3)1/2MS;(4)1/2MS+椰子乳100 mL·L-1.     

强直性脊柱炎易感基因的研究进展

强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）是一种常见的高度遗传的风湿类疾病。至20世纪70年代以来,越来越多的证据表明HLA-B27是AS最主要的易感基因。然而,全基因组扫描和关联分析等研究发现在HLA以外的区域仍存在AS的易感区域,大量的证据显示在HLA区内外有许多基因与AS的发病有关。文章主要综述了与AS相关的易感基因以及它们的研究现状。     

Antisense-mediated Depletion of Tomato Endoplasmic Reticulum Omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Enhances Thermal Tolerance

An endoplasmic reticulum-localized tomato ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene(LeFAD3) was isolated.The antisense tomato plants were obtained under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter(35S-CaMV).Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression of LeFAD3 was inhibited in the tomato genome.Levels of 18:3 decreased and correspondingly levels of 18:2 increased in total lipids of leaves and roots.After heat stress,the fresh weight of the aerial parts of antisense transgenic plants was higher than that of the wild type(WT) plants.The membrane system ultrastructure of chloroplasts in leaf cells and all of the subcellular organelles in the root tips of transgenic plants remained more intact than those of WT.Relative electric conductivity increased less in transgenic plants than in WT.Under heat stress,the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(Fv/Fm) and the O2 evolution rate decreased more in WT than in transgenic plants.These results suggested that the depletion of LeFAD3 increased the saturation of fatty acids and alleviated high temperature stress.