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The bioinorganic complexes of europium with N-acetyl-DL-alanine, N-acetyl-DL-valine, and DL-alanyl-DL-alanine have been synthesized and the M?ssbauer spectra at room temperature have been measured for these solid state complexes. The M?ssbauer parameters indicate that the water molecules in these complexes are not directly linked to the central europium ion and are outside the coordination sphere of europium and biological ligands, and that the chemical bond between the europium ion and the ligands may be predominantly ionic in character, with the possibility of partial covalent contribution. 相似文献
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Evolution of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene in anurans: regions of variability and their phylogenetic implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fifteen restriction sites were mapped to the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of
individuals representing 54 species of frogs, two species of salamanders, a
caecilian, and a lungfish. Eight of these sites were present in all species
examined, and two were found in all but one species. Alignment of these
conserved restriction sites revealed, among anuran 28S rRNA genes, five
regions of major length variation that correspond to four of 12 previously
identified divergent domains of this gene. One of the divergent domains
(DD8) consists of two regions of length variation separated by a short
segment that is conserved at least throughout tetrapods. Most of the
insertions, deletions, and restriction-site variations identified in the
28S gene will require sequence-level analysis for a detailed reconstruction
of their history. However, an insertion in DD9 that is coextensive with
frogs in the suborder Neobatrachia, a BstEII site that is limited to
representatives of two leptodactylid subfamilies, and a deletion in DD10
that is found only in three ranoid genera are probably synapomorphies.
相似文献
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Formation of lymphocyte colonies under serum-free culture conditions in normal individuals and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y C Dai G Z Hu H Y Niu Z Wen Z Fang X G Lu J Li Q Wu Y P Huang R Wen 《International journal of cell cloning》1987,5(6):480-491
This paper describes a culture system which supports the formation of B cell and some T cell colonies under serum-free conditions in peripheral blood samples of normal individuals and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) of B cell type. In this system, serum is replaced by bovine serum albumin, transferrin, cholesterol, insulin and catalase or horseradish peroxidase. In addition, it is necessary to add staphylococcus protein A, mitomycin-treated T cells as feeders and phytohemagglutinin leukocyte-conditioned medium as a source of growth factors. The plating efficiency is greatly enhanced when normal cells are incubated with galactose oxidase prior to plating and when CLL cells are exposed sequentially to neuraminidase and galactose oxidase. 相似文献
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Characterization of cross-bridge elasticity and kinetics of cross-bridge cycling during force development in single smooth muscle cells 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Force development in smooth muscle, as in skeletal muscle, is believed to reflect recruitment of force-generating myosin cross-bridges. However, little is known about the events underlying cross-bridge recruitment as the muscle cell approaches peak isometric force and then enters a period of tension maintenance. In the present studies on single smooth muscle cells isolated from the toad (Bufo marinus) stomach muscularis, active muscle stiffness, calculated from the force response to small sinusoidal length changes (0.5% cell length, 250 Hz), was utilized to estimate the relative number of attached cross-bridges. By comparing stiffness during initial force development to stiffness during force redevelopment immediately after a quick release imposed at peak force, we propose that the instantaneous active stiffness of the cell reflects both a linearly elastic cross-bridge element having 1.5 times the compliance of the cross-bridge in frog skeletal muscle and a series elastic component having an exponential length-force relationship. At the onset of force development, the ratio of stiffness to force was 2.5 times greater than at peak isometric force. These data suggest that, upon activation, cross-bridges attach in at least two states (i.e., low-force-producing and high-force-producing) and redistribute to a steady state distribution at peak isometric force. The possibility that the cross-bridge cycling rate was modulated with time was also investigated by analyzing the time course of tension recovery to small, rapid step length changes (0.5% cell length in 2.5 ms) imposed during initial force development, at peak force, and after 15 s of tension maintenance. The rate of tension recovery slowed continuously throughout force development following activation and slowed further as force was maintained. Our results suggest that the kinetics of force production in smooth muscle may involve a redistribution of cross-bridge populations between two attached states and that the average cycling rate of these cross-bridges becomes slower with time during contraction. 相似文献
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Conformation of the second disulfide loop in human transforming growth factor-alpha studied by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The determination of the conformation of a cyclic heptadecapeptide derived from the second loop of human transforming growth factor-α, [Ala21]-hTGF-α-(16–32), is described. Two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann–Hahn and rotating-frame cross-relaxation spectroscopy in H2O were used to obtain the complete proton resonance assignments and the necessary distance constraints between nonbonded hydrogen atoms to derive a conformation without involving any energy minimization. The result is an ellipsoidal-shaped structure with a turn at Gly19 and a bend formed by residues 26–29, Gln-Glu-Asp-Lys. Comparison is made with the second loop of human epidermal growth factor and the results are discussed in terms of receptor binding and biological activity. 相似文献
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用硫酸铵分段盐析及DEAE-Sephadex A-50、羟磷灰石和CM纤维素等多种柱层析方法,从正常小鼠肝浸液中分离纯化出一种免疫抑制蛋白质(LISP)。在体外用微量该蛋白质就能强烈抑制小鼠T、B淋巴细胞对促有丝分裂原和同种异型抗原的增生反应。纯化的蛋白质在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PACE)和等电聚焦(IEF)鉴定时均显示为一条区带,其等电点(pI)值在7.5—7.8范围。沉降系数利S_(20),w为5.39。Sephadex G-100凝胶层析测得LISP的分子量为78,000道尔顿。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)提示LISP是由二个相同的亚基组成,亚基分子量为38,500道尔顿。LISP是一种既非糖蛋白又非脂蛋白的碱性蛋白质,对它的氨基酸组成也作了分析。 相似文献
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用硫酸铵分段盐析、超滤膜分级分离及DEAE-纤维素、Sephadex A-25和Sephadex G-50三种柱层析方法从双胸蚓组织的粗提取液中分离纯化出一种纤溶酶,分子量为29kD,由一条肽链组成。此晦具有强烈的溶解纤维蛋白的作用,对家兎实验性血凝块也具有明显的溶解作用。此酶的最适pH为8.0,在pH7.6~8.4之间活力相差不到2%;酶在PH4.7—11.0范围内稳定;酶作用的最适温度为57℃;此酶热稳定性较好,于25~50℃保温3小时,酶活力基本不变,60℃时,活力保留65%。金属离子Na~(+)、K~(+)、Mg~(2+)等可提高此酶的活力,而Hg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)等金属离子对此酶有不同程度的抑制作用。 相似文献