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排序方式: 共有205条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Different regions of the estrogen receptor are required for synergistic action with the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Estrogen and progesterone or estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors functionally cooperate in gene activation if their cognate binding sites are close to one another. These interactions have been described as synergism of action of the steroid receptors. The mechanism by which synergism is achieved is not clear, although protein-protein interaction of the receptors is one of the favorite models. In transfection experiments with receptor expression vectors and a reporter gene containing estrogen and progesterone-glucocorticoid receptor binding sites, we have examined the effects that different portions of the various receptors have on synergism. N-terminal domains of the chicken progesterone and human glucocorticoid receptors, when deleted, abolished the synergistic action of these receptors with the estrogen receptor. Deletion of the carboxy-terminal amino acids 341 to 595 of the estrogen receptor produced a mutant receptor that could not trans-activate on its own. This mutant receptor did not affect the action of the glucocorticoid receptor but functioned synergistically with the progesterone receptor. We therefore conclude that the synergistic action of the receptors for estrogen and progesterone is mechanistically different from the synergistic action of the receptors for estrogen and glucocorticoid. 相似文献
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Benny Bj?rkblom Altynai Adilbayeva Jodi Maple-Gr?dem Dominik Piston Mats ?kvist Xiang Ming Xu Cato Brede Jan Petter Larsen Simon Geir M?ller 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(31):22809-22820
The progressive loss of motor control due to reduction of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decreased striatal dopamine levels are the classically described features of Parkinson disease (PD). Neuronal damage also progresses to other regions of the brain, and additional non-motor dysfunctions are common. Accumulation of environmental toxins, such as pesticides and metals, are suggested risk factors for the development of typical late onset PD, although genetic factors seem to be substantial in early onset cases. Mutations of DJ-1 are known to cause a form of recessive early onset Parkinson disease, highlighting an important functional role for DJ-1 in early disease prevention. This study identifies human DJ-1 as a metal-binding protein able to evidently bind copper as well as toxic mercury ions in vitro. The study further characterizes the cytoprotective function of DJ-1 and PD-mutated variants of DJ-1 with respect to induced metal cytotoxicity. The results show that expression of DJ-1 enhances the cells'' protective mechanisms against induced metal toxicity and that this protection is lost for DJ-1 PD mutations A104T and D149A. The study also shows that oxidation site-mutated DJ-1 C106A retains its ability to protect cells. We also show that concomitant addition of dopamine exposure sensitizes cells to metal-induced cytotoxicity. We also confirm that redox-active dopamine adducts enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of intracellular proteins in vivo by use of live cell imaging of redox-sensitive S3roGFP. The study indicates that even a small genetic alteration can sensitize cells to metal-induced cell death, a finding that may revive the interest in exogenous factors in the etiology of PD. 相似文献
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Protein- and gene-based tissue engineering in bone repair 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
A tissue engineering approach to bone regeneration includes the use of a scaffold, cells and bioactive factors alone or in various combinations. Several investigators have demonstrated enhanced bone formation when the tissue-engineered construct possesses traits inherent to autogenic bone grafts, namely osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and osteogenicity. Use of the biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) in combination with bone morphogenetic protein or primary cells genetically modified to release osteogenic protein have demonstrated the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of, and subsequent mineralization by, muscle-derived cells and mesenchymal stem cells in both in vitro and in vivo applications. 相似文献
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Faye T Brede DA Langsrud T Nes IF Holo H 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2004,70(4):2240-2244
The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of production of the bacteriocin propionicin T1 and the protease-activated antimicrobial peptide (PAMP) and their corresponding genes in 64 isolates of classical propionibacteria. This study revealed that these genes are widespread in Propionibacterium jensenii and Propionibacterium thoenii but absent from the remaining species of classical propionibacteria that were studied. The pro-PAMP-encoding gene (pamA) was found in 63% of the P. jensenii strains and 61% of the P. thoenii strains, and all of these strains displayed PAMP activity. The propionicin T1-encoding gene (pctA) was present in 89% of the P. thoenii strains and 54% of the P. jensenii strains. All P. thoenii strains containing the pctA gene exhibited antimicrobial activity corresponding to propionicin T1 activity, whereas only 38% of the pctA-containing P. jensenii strains displayed this activity. Sequencing of the pctA genes revealed the existence of two allelic variants that differed in a single nucleotide in six strains of P. jensenii; in these strains the glycine at position 55 of propionicin T1 was replaced by an aspartate residue (A variant). No strains harboring the A variant showed any antimicrobial activity against propionicin T1-sensitive bacteria. An open reading frame (orf2) located immediately downstream from the pctA gene was absent in three strains containing the G variant of propionicin T1. Two of these strains showed low antimicrobial activity, while the third strain showed no antimicrobial activity at all. The protein encoded by orf2 showed strong homology to ABC transporters, and it has been proposed previously that this protein is involved in the producer immunity against propionicin T1. The limited antimicrobial activity exhibited by the strains lacking orf2 further suggests that this putative ABC transporter plays an important role in propionicin T1 activity. 相似文献
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We have dissected the molecular determinants involved in targeting the protein serine kinase PSKH1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, and the plasma membrane (PM). Given this intracellular localization pattern, a potential role of PSKH1 in the secretory pathway was explored. The amino-terminal of PSKH1 revealed a striking similarity to the often acylated Src homology domain 4 (SH4)-harboring nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Biochemical studies demonstrated that PSKH1 is myristoylated on glycine 2 and palmitoylated on cysteine 3. Dual amino-terminal acylation targets PSKH1 to Golgi as shown by colocalization with beta-COP and GM130, while nonpalmitoylated (myristoylated only) PSKH1 targets intracellular membranes colocalizing with protein disulphide isomerase (PDI, a marker for ER). Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the dually acylated amino-terminal domain (in fusion with EGFP) was targeted to Golgi membranes as well as to the plasma membrane (PM), suggesting that the amino-terminal domain provides PSKH1 with membrane specificity dependent on its fatty acylation status. Subcellular fractionation by sucrose gradient analysis confirmed the impact of dual fatty acylation on endomembrane targeting, while cytosol and membrane fractioning revealed that myristoylation but not palmitoylation was required for general membrane association. A minimal region required for proper Golgi targeting of PSKH1 was identified within the first 29 amino acids. Expression of a PSKH1 mutant where the COOH-terminal kinase domain was swapped with green fluorescent protein and cysteine 3 was exchanged with serine resulted in disassembly of the Golgi apparatus as visualized by redistribution of beta-COP and GM130 to a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern, while leaving the tubulin skeleton intact. Our results suggest a structural and regulatory role of PSKH1 in maintenance of the Golgi apparatus, a key organelle within the secretory pathway. 相似文献
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Expression level-dependent contribution of glucocorticoid receptor domains for functional interaction with STAT5 下载免费PDF全文
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Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11 下载免费PDF全文
Rosser ZH Zerjal T Hurles ME Adojaan M Alavantic D Amorim A Amos W Armenteros M Arroyo E Barbujani G Beckman G Beckman L Bertranpetit J Bosch E Bradley DG Brede G Cooper G Côrte-Real HB de Knijff P Decorte R Dubrova YE Evgrafov O Gilissen A Glisic S Gölge M Hill EW Jeziorowska A Kalaydjieva L Kayser M Kivisild T Kravchenko SA Krumina A Kucinskas V Lavinha J Livshits LA Malaspina P Maria S McElreavey K Meitinger TA Mikelsaar AV Mitchell RJ Nafa K Nicholson J Nørby S Pandya A Parik J Patsalis PC 《American journal of human genetics》2000,67(6):1526-1543
Clinal patterns of autosomal genetic diversity within Europe have been interpreted in previous studies in terms of a Neolithic demic diffusion model for the spread of agriculture; in contrast, studies using mtDNA have traced many founding lineages to the Paleolithic and have not shown strongly clinal variation. We have used 11 human Y-chromosomal biallelic polymorphisms, defining 10 haplogroups, to analyze a sample of 3,616 Y chromosomes belonging to 47 European and circum-European populations. Patterns of geographic differentiation are highly nonrandom, and, when they are assessed using spatial autocorrelation analysis, they show significant clines for five of six haplogroups analyzed. Clines for two haplogroups, representing 45% of the chromosomes, are continentwide and consistent with the demic diffusion hypothesis. Clines for three other haplogroups each have different foci and are more regionally restricted and are likely to reflect distinct population movements, including one from north of the Black Sea. Principal-components analysis suggests that populations are related primarily on the basis of geography, rather than on the basis of linguistic affinity. This is confirmed in Mantel tests, which show a strong and highly significant partial correlation between genetics and geography but a low, nonsignificant partial correlation between genetics and language. Genetic-barrier analysis also indicates the primacy of geography in the shaping of patterns of variation. These patterns retain a strong signal of expansion from the Near East but also suggest that the demographic history of Europe has been complex and influenced by other major population movements, as well as by linguistic and geographic heterogeneities and the effects of drift. 相似文献