MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF A VACUUM CONTACT-PLATE DEHYDRATION PROCESS

SUMMARY: A process for dehydrating fish under vacuum and in contact with heated plates is described. Although the conditions, in respect of time and temperature, appeared suitable for microbial development, a reduction in the number of bacteria usually occurred. A survey of the data accumulated over twenty months, including a series of experimental production periods, showed that the bacterial population estimated at 22° was reduced in the process as a whole to about 1% of its initial value and that estimated at 37° to about 10%. Species of the genus Micrococcus tended to predominate on the finished product. Contrary to earlier expectations, there should be no serious microbiological hazards if high standards of personal and factory hygiene are maintained.     

Enzyme Variation of Eimeria arizonensis from Peromyscus truei and P. boylii

ABSTRACT. Cricetid rodents, Peromyscus truei and P. boylii , were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria arizonensis collected from wild P. truei maintained in the lab. In P. truei the prepatent period was 4–5 days, the patent period was 9–11 days, and sporulated oocysts were 21.5 × 25.0 (20–23 × 24–26) μm with sporocysts 7.7 × 12.0 (6–8 × 10–13) pm. In P. boylii the prepatent period was 6–7 days, the patent period was 8–9 days, and sporulated oocysts were 20.1 × 23.2 (18–22 × 21–24) pm with sporocysts 6.8 × 10.0 (5–8 × 9–12) pm. Sporulated oocysts from both host species were used in direct side-by-side comparison of isozyme banding patterns using protein electrophoresis. The parasite has polytypic loci for leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). In oocysts from P. truei , LAP showed one band with fast migration and LDH and 6-PGD each showed two bands, one with fast and one with slow migration. In oocysts from P. boylii , LAP and LDH each had one band with slow migration and 6-PGD had one band with moderate migration. Oocysts of E. arizonensis collected from P. boylii were used to inoculate P. truei. The prepatent and patent periods, structural measurements, and isozyrne banding patterns of the resultant oocysts were the same as those from P. truei when inoculated with oocysts from P. truei.     

EXPERIMENTS ON THE MOVEMENT OF STREPTOMYCIN IN CHERRY TREES

Systemic activity of streptomycin in cherry trees was investigated by studying the penetration of the antibiotic into leaves and its subsequent translocation.
Antibiotic penetration appreciably suppressed infection with Pseudomonas morsprunorum. In detached leaves the uptake of the antibiotic was progressive with time.
Widespread and rapid distribution of the antibiotic in the transpiration stream resulted from petiolar injection. Immersion of the laminae of intact leaves in the antibiotic resulted in a much slower translocation, possibly occurring in the transpiration stream.
Evidence suggests that the antibacterial activity detected in fruiting spurs after field spraying is not dependent on the presence of leaves, but results from direct penetration of the antibiotic through the dermal tissues of the spur.
It was concluded that foliar sprays at field concentrations were unlikely to result in significant systemic distribution of the antibiotic, but that localized activity might be an important factor in the control of bacterial canker.     

Proceedings of the signature series symposium “cellular therapies for orthopaedics and musculoskeletal disease proven and unproven therapies—promise,facts and fantasy,” international society for cellular therapies,montreal, canada,may 2, 2018

The Signature Series Symposium “Cellular Therapies for Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Disease Proven and Unproven Therapies—Promise, Facts and Fantasy” was held as a pre-meeting of the 26^th International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) annual congress in Montreal, Canada, May 2, 2018. This was the first ISCT program that was entirely dedicated to the advancement of cell-based therapies for musculoskeletal diseases. Cellular therapies in musculoskeletal medicine are a source of great promise and opportunity. They are also the source of public controversy, confusion and misinformation. Patients, clinicians, scientists, industry and government share a commitment to clear communication and responsible development of the field. Therefore, this symposium convened thought leaders from around the world in a forum designed to catalyze communication and collaboration to bring the greatest possible innovation and value to patients with musculoskeletal conditions.     

An Apparatus for the Continuous Culture of Micro-organisms on Solid Surfaces with Special Reference to Dental Plaque

In the apparatus described a multi-channel peristaltic pump is employed to supply precisely controlled amounts of two media (saliva substitute and nutrient broth) to bacterial plaques growing on extracted teeth and other surfaces, in 6 independent chambers under identical conditions. The same pump also removes waste products. A timer-controlled pneumatic switch programmes the delivery of medium as required. The assembly is compact and is sterilizable in a hospital autoclave as a complete unit. Surface cultures have been established following inoculation with both selected single strains and with mixed bacteria derived from saliva; in the latter instance, the bacterial deposits showed morphological resemblance to natural dental plaque.