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A world revision of Strobilomyia gen.n.: the anthomyiid seed pests of conifers (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
VERNER MICHELSEN 《Systematic Entomology》1988,13(3):271-314
Abstract. The world species of anthomyiid cone and seed pests are revised. A new genus, Strobilomyia gen.n., is erected for the eighteen species, including seven new to science, presently recognized. Author's views on homologies in the male and female terminalia of Anthomyiidae and other Diptera Cyclorrhapha are amplified as background for the terminology employed. The monophyly and systematic position of Strobilomyia are discussed with reassessions of related genera: Lasiomma Stein, Chirosia Rondani, Egle Robineau-Desvoidy and Acklandia Hennig. Zoogeographic aspects, especially vicariance across the Beringia, are analysed from a partial hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among the species of Strobilomyia in conjunction with paleo-environmental data. New generic synonyms are: Macrophorbia Malloch, Crinurina Karl, Si-nohylemya Hsue (all =Lasiomma); Acrostilpna Ringdahl, Shakshainia Suwa, Meliniella Suwa (all =Chirosia). The species recognized in Strobilomyia (with geographic range and host trees in parentheses) are: anthracina (Czerny) (Palearctic, Picea); neanthracina sp.n. (Nearctic, Picea and ITsuga); appalachensis sp.n. (E. Nearctic); melania (Ackland) (Europe, Larix); sibirica sp.n. (N.E. Europe, Siberia, Larix); viaria (Huckett) (E. Palearctic, Nearctic, Larix); infrequens (Ackland) (Palearctic, Larix); luteoforceps (Fan & Fang) (E. Palearctic, Larix); baicalensis (Elberg) (E. Palearctic, Larix); laricicola (Karl) (Palearctic, Larix); laricis sp.n. (Nearctic, Larix); macalpinei sp.n. (W. Canada, Larix); carbonaria (Ringdahl) (C. Europe, E. Nearctic, Abies); svenssoni sp.n. (N. Europe, Mongolia); suwai sp.n. (Japan); todocola (Suwa) (Japan, Abies); abietis (Huckett) (Nearctic, Abies); and oriens (Suwa) (E. Palearctic, Abies). 相似文献
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ANDERS MARTINSSON 《Lethaia: An International Journal of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy》1969,2(2):153-161
The procedure of first defining a time boundary between the Silurian and Devonian Systems and postponing the designation of a stratotype leaves stratigraphers without guidance as to which series the Silurian should be divided into and which corresponding epochs would be practicable for reference in international work. The situation in Europe is reviewed with respect to established usage, and it is found that with present concepts Silurian series based on the succession in the Welsh Borderland and in the Barrandian can be made compatible in the critical part of the succession. A natural consequence of the establishment of a system boundary at the base of the zone with Monograptus uniformis would be the redefinition of the Downtonian as proposed by Allen & Tarlo 1963, to be used subsynonymously with the Pridolian. 相似文献
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A new species of Monoplacophora, redescription of the genera Veleropilina and Rokopella, and new information on three species of the class 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vema levinae Warén, sp. n. is described from a submarine volcano off western Mexico. The type species of Rokopella and Veleropilina are redescribed, the usage of the names is discussed and Rokopella and Veleropilina are recognized as valid genera in Neopilinidae. Rokopella euglypta (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897) is redescribed from shells and a single live specimen taken from seamounts south of the Azores, from a depth of 1200–1600 m. Tectura reticulata Seguenza, 1876 (Gastropoda, 'Acmaeidae', southern Italy, Upper Pliocene/Lower Pleistocene) is considered to have been based on the monoplacophoran species previously known as Neopilina zografi from the Mediterranean, and is classified in the genus Veleropilina. Veleropilina zografi (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896) is redescribed based on shells from several seamounts south of the Azores. It is considered distinct from Rokopella euglypta and classified in the genus Veleropilina. An undescribed species of Veleropilina from a seamount off southern Baja California is reported, figured and discussed but not formally described. 相似文献
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ANDERS FORSMAN RICHARD SHINE 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1995,55(4):273-291
Females of Lampropholis delicata are dimorphic for colour pattern, the difference between morphs being the presence or absence of a distinct white mid-lateral stripe. A less distinct striped morph occurs also in males. We evaluated alternative hypotheses for the maintenance of this polymorphism by examining temporal and spatial variation in morph frequency, testing for differential selection among morphs using data on body size and reproductive traits from preserved specimens, and experimentally manipulating colour pattern in free-ranging lizards of both sexes, to assess the influence of the lateral stripe on survival rates. We found that the relative frequency of striped individuals varied among populations and decreased from north to south in both sexes, coincident with an increasing incidence of regenerated tails. Morph frequencies did not change through time within a population. Striped gravid females appeared to survive better and produced larger clutches than did non-striped females. In our experimental study, the relationship between survival and colour morph differed between the two sexes; males painted with a white lateral stripe had lower survival than control (brown stripe) males, but survival did not differ between striped and control females. The different response in the two sexes may be due partly to differences in temperature and microhabitat selection. We propose that the white lateral stripe decreases susceptibility to predators in gravid females but increases risk of predation in males, especially in combination with low temperatures. The polymorphism might be maintained by: (1) opposing fitness consequences of the stripe in males and females; (2) sex-specific habitat selection; and (3) gene flow in combination with spatial variation in relative fitness of the two morphs. 相似文献
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