全文获取类型
收费全文 | 98篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1949年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有101条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
ROWLAND-BAMFORD AMANDA J; ALLEN L HARTWELL JR; BAKER JEFFREY T; BOOTE KEN J 《Journal of experimental botany》1990,41(12):1601-1608
The atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has beenrising and is predicted to reach double the present concentrationsometime during the next century. The objective of this investigationwas to determine the long-term effects of different CO2 concentrationson carbohydrate status and partitioning in rice (Oryza sativaL cv. IR-30). Rice plants were grown season-long in outdoor,naturally sunlit, environmentally controlled growth chamberswith CO2 concentrations of 160, 250, 330, 500, 660, and 900µmolCO2 mol1 air. In leaf blades, the priority between the partitioningof carbon into storage carbohydrates or into export changedwith developmental stage and CO2 concentration. During vegetativegrowth, leaf sucrose and starch concentrations increased withincreasing CO2 concentration but tended to level off above 500µmolmol1 CO2. Similarly, photosynthesis also increased withCO2 concentrations up to 500µmol mol1 and thenreached a plateau at higher concentrations. The ratio of starchto sucrose concentration was positively correlated with theCO2 concentration. At maturity, increasing CO2 concentrationresulted in an increase in total non-structural carbohydrate(TNC) concentration in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and culms.Carbohydrates that were stored in vegetative plant parts beforeheading made a smaller contribution to grain dry weight at CO2concentrations below 330µmol mol1 than for treatmentsat concentrations above ambient Increasing CO2 concentrationhad no effect on the carbohydrate concentration in the grainat maturity Key words: CO2 enrichment, starch, sucrose 相似文献
2.
PHILIP W. ATKINSON ALLAN J. BAKER KAREN A. BENNETT NIGEL A. CLARK JACQUIE A. CLARK KIMBERLY B. COLE ANNE DEKINGA AMANDA DEY SIMON GILLINGS PATRICIA M. GONZÁLEZ KEVIN KALASZ CLIVE D. T. MINTON JASON NEWTON LAWRENCE J. NILES THEUNIS PIERSMA ROBERT A. ROBINSON HUMPHREY P. SITTERS 《Journal of Applied Ecology》2007,44(4):885-895
3.
4.
CLIVE A. MCALPINE MICHIALA E. BOWEN JOHN G. CALLAGHAN DANIEL LUNNEY JONATHAN R. RHODES DAVID L. MITCHELL DAVID V. PULLAR HUGH P. POSZINGHAM 《Austral ecology》2006,31(4):529-544
Abstract Predicting the various responses of different species to changes in landscape structure is a formidable challenge to landscape ecology. Based on expert knowledge and landscape ecological theory, we develop five competing a priori models for predicting the presence/absence of the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in Noosa Shire, south‐east Queensland (Australia). A priori predictions were nested within three levels of ecological organization: in situ (site level) habitat (<1 ha), patch level (100 ha) and landscape level (100–1000 ha). To test the models, Koala surveys and habitat surveys (n = 245) were conducted across the habitat mosaic. After taking into account tree species preferences, the patch and landscape context, and the neighbourhood effect of adjacent present sites, we applied logistic regression and hierarchical partitioning analyses to rank the alternative models and the explanatory variables. The strongest support was for a multilevel model, with Koala presence best predicted by the proportion of the landscape occupied by high quality habitat, the neighbourhood effect, the mean nearest neighbour distance between forest patches, the density of forest patches and the density of sealed roads. When tested against independent data (n = 105) using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the multilevel model performed moderately well. The study is consistent with recent assertions that habitat loss is the major driver of population decline, however, landscape configuration and roads have an important effect that needs to be incorporated into Koala conservation strategies. 相似文献
5.
KARL E. HAVENS JOHN R. BEAVER THERESE L. EAST KIRSTEN WORK EDWARD J. PHLIPS MARY F. CICHRA AMANDA C. CROTEAU ANDREW J. RODUSKY ROLLAND S. FULTON III TEODORO C. ROSATI 《Freshwater Biology》2012,57(3):552-562
1. We examined 7–12 years of monthly to quarterly historical data from 15 lakes in FL, U.S.A. to determine the extent and outcome of invasion by the alien cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi Sars. 2. The alien species was found in 10 of the 15 lakes, including Florida’s three largest lakes: Okeechobee, George and Apopka. All the surveyed lakes had resident populations of the smaller native species Daphnia ambigua Scourfield. 3. In most of the lakes, D. ambigua occurred seven to ninefold more often in plankton samples than D. lumholtzi, and at 10‐ to 100‐fold higher maximal densities. One exception was a small lake in central Florida (Lake Jesup), where D. lumholtzi attained high densities on several occasions in the 10 years of sampling. 4. In Lake Okeechobee, where data were of sufficient quality and quantity to perform statistical analyses, the results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that high densities of D. lumholtzi were correlated with lower concentrations of suspended solids, high algal biomass and higher temperature, whereas the opposite conditions were correlated with high densities of D. ambigua. 5. Based on the majority of data, D. lumholtzi has successfully invaded many lakes in Florida, yet it has not become a substantive component of the zooplankton. Additional research is needed to determine whether resources, fish predation or some other factor is responsible for this outcome of invasion. 相似文献
6.
RYAN R. KELLY LINDSAY T. MCDONALD VINCENT D. PELLEGRINI JAMES J. CRAY AMANDA C. LARUE 《Cytotherapy》2018,20(11):1371-1380
Background aims
Previous studies identified a circulating human osteoblastic population that expressed osteocalcin (OCN), increased following fracture and pubertal growth, and formed mineralized colonies in vitro and bone in vivo. A subpopulation expressed CD34, a hematopoietic/endothelial marker. These findings led to our hypothesis that hematopoietic-derived CD34+OCN+ cells exist in the circulation of mice and are modulated after fracture.Methods
Flow cytometry was used to identify CD34+OCN+ cells in male B6.SJL-PtprcaPepcb/BoyJ and Vav-Cre/mTmG (VavR) mice. Non-stabilized tibial fractures were created by three-point bend. Fractures were longitudinally imaged by micro-computed tomography, and immunofluorescent staining was used to evaluate CD34+OCN+ cells within fracture callus. AMD3100 (10 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously for 3 days and the CD34+OCN+ population was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results
Circulating CD34+OCN+ cells were identified in mice and confirmed to be of hematopoietic origin (CD45+; Vav1+) using two mouse models. Both circulating and bone marrow-derived CD34+OCN+ cells peaked three weeks post-non-stabilized tibial fracture, suggesting association with cartilage callus transition to bone and early mineralization. Co-expression of CD34 and OCN in the fracture callus at two weeks post-fracture was observed. By three weeks, there was 2.1-fold increase in number of CD34+OCN+ cells, and these were observed throughout the fracture callus. AMD3100 altered CD34+OCN+ cell levels in peripheral blood and bone marrow.Discussion
Together, these data demonstrate a murine CD34+OCN+ circulating population that may be directly involved in fracture repair. Future studies will molecularly characterize CD34+OCN+ cells, determine mechanisms regulating their contribution, and examine if their number correlates with improved fracture healing outcomes. 相似文献7.
Bumble bee species exhibit divergent responses to urbanisation in a Southern California landscape
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Ecological Entomology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
1. Bees are ecologically important pollinators that are threatened by disease, habitat degradation, and habitat loss. Bee species that share ecological traits (e.g. body size, diet breadth, and sociality) may often respond similarly to environmental disturbance; however, few studies have examined the extent to which closely related, ecologically similar species exhibit divergent responses to the same forms of disturbance. 2. In the present study, the responses of bumble bees (Apidae: genus Bombus) to urbanization are examined by combining field surveys with the quantification of local‐ and landscape‐level variables using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). During the spring and summer of 2012 and 2013, 57, bumble bees were surveyed in 1‐ha plots in San Diego County, California that spanned a gradient of urbanisation. Species‐level, occurrence (presence/absence) data and logistic regressions were then used to identify determinants of Bombus occurrence across this landscape. 3. Approximately 1000 Bombus individuals belonging to three species were observed: B. californicus Smith, B. melanopygus Cresson, and B. vosnesenskii Radoszkowski. The occurrence of all Bombus species was negatively related to impermeable surface cover within study plots, but species responded uniquely to other plot‐scale variables and exhibited distinctive patterns of scale‐dependency with respect to impermeable surface cover surrounding plots. 4. Urbanisation negatively affected all three focal bumble bee species in this study. Species‐specific responses to plot‐scale and landscape‐scale variables presumably reflect interspecific trait differences (e.g. body size, tongue length, and foraging behaviour). Unique responses to urbanisation caution against pooling species into functional groups based merely on taxonomic relationships or perceived ecological similarities. 相似文献
8.
Nitrogen uptake by rhizomes of the clonal sedge Carex bigelowii: a previously overlooked nutritional benefit of rhizomatous growth 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Studies on the rhizomatous clonal sedge Carex bigelowii , at a fellfield site in subarctic Swedish Lapland examined the ecological potential of rhizomes as nitrogen uptake systems. Direct application of a solution of 15 NH4 15 NO3 to the rhizomes of C. bigelowii significantly enriched the 15 N content of the plant tissue. The pattern of enrichment indicated movement of labelled nitrogen into rhizomes and adjoining tissue (including roots and shoots), showing both uptake and translocation via the rhizome system. There was a gradient of decreasing 15 N enrichment with increasing distance from the point of labelling, and estimation of the total mass of nitrogen taken up via labelled rhizomes showed low levels and rates of uptake. Quantification of the size of rhizome and root systems of C. bigelowii at the study site indicates that 80% of the living biomass may be below ground, and that the surface area of the rhizome system of C. bigelowii is approx. two-thirds that of the roots. The rhizome system of C. bigelowii can therefore act as a route for nitrogen uptake, with the potential to exploit almost as great a volume of soil as the root system. This mechanism of nitrogen uptake may play an important role in the Arctic, where many species have a clonal, rhizomatous growth form. In addition, plant growth in many arctic ecosystems is limited by low soil nutrient availability, a result of low temperatures (leading to slow soil decomposition rates) and patchy resource distribution. Nitrogen uptake via rhizomes may provide plants with the capacity to take advantage of transient nutrient supplies, and may partly compensate for the cost of developing and maintaining persistent rhizome networks in ecosystems where nutrient resources are in short supply. 相似文献
9.
Recent studies in a variety of species have shown that polyandrous females are somehow able to bias paternity against their relatives postcopulation, although how they do so remains unknown. Field crickets readily mate with their siblings, but when also mated to an unrelated male, they produce disproportionately fewer inbred offspring. We use a new competitive microsatellite polymerase chain reaction technique to determine the contribution of males to stored sperm and subsequent paternity of offspring. Paternity is almost completely predicted by how much sperm from a particular male is stored, and unrelated males contribute more sperm to storage and have a corresponding higher paternity success. 相似文献
10.
JESSICA E. SNODDY MARIAN LANDON GAËLLE BLANVILLAIN AMANDA SOUTHWOOD 《The Journal of wildlife management》2009,73(8):1394-1401
ABSTRACT Mortality due to fisheries interactions has been implicated as a contributor to population decline for several species of sea turtle. The incidental capture of sea turtles in the coastal gillnet fisheries of North Carolina, USA, has received much attention in recent years, and mitigation measures to reduce sea turtle mortality due to gillnet entanglement are a high priority for managers and conservationists. Efforts to evaluate effects of gillnet entanglement on sea turtle populations are complicated by the lack of information on health status of turtles released alive from nets and postrelease mortality. We obtained blood samples from green (Chelonia mydas) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles captured in gillnets for 20–240 minutes to assess the impacts of gillnet entanglement on blood biochemistry and physiological status. We measured concentrations of lactate, corticosterone, ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, P, Ca2+), enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatine phosphokinase [CPK], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]), protein, and glucose in the blood and also performed physical examinations of turtles to document external indicators of health status (injuries, lethargy, muted reflexes). We evaluated the effects of entanglement time on blood biochemistry and to look for correlations between blood biochemistry and results of the physical examinations. We observed a significant increase in blood lactate, LDH, CPK, phosphorus, and glucose with increased entanglement time. Alterations in blood biochemistry were generally associated with a decline in health status as indicated by results of the physical examination. Although entanglement time plays an important role in determining the health status of sea turtles upon release from a gillnet, our results suggest that factors such as the depth and severity of entanglement may also have an effect on health status of turtles and the probability of postrelease survival. We were unable to set a maximum unattended gillnet soak time to minimize impacts on captured sea turtles, and therefore recommend that fisheries managers continue to enforce the net attendance regulations currently in place in the lower Cape Fear River, North Carolina, during the summer months. 相似文献