汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

Differences in Variation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sequences from Henan and Shanghai Regions of China

Illegally paid blood donation was a risk factor for HIV acquisition exclusively in Henan and Hubei Provinces of China,and not in Shanghai.Nucleotide sequences in the gag and env genes of HIV-1 were compared between isolates from Henan and Shanghai regions of China to test whether an expected higher degree of a common source of infections from this unique blood donation transmission risk would be evident as decreased variation among Henan isolates in an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.Among 38 isolates studied,23 of 23(100%)from Henan and 8 of 15(54%)from Shanghai were subtype B.In addition,fewer sequence differences were found in gp41 of subtype B isolates from Henan than from Shanghai isolates.Further studies with additional controls are therefore warranted to confirm the role of the degree of a common source of infections in differences in HIV variation across populations.     

转基因稻及其非转基因亲本对照在间隔种植条件下的转基因漂移

随着转基因技术的迅速发展, 越来越多的转基因作物被培育出来。转基因作物的外源转基因通过花粉传播向非转基因作物的漂移, 会影响非转基因作物品种的种子纯度, 从而可能导致一系列生物安全问题。为了研究转基因栽培水稻(Oryza sativa)中的外源转基因通过花粉介导向非转基因水稻品种逃逸的可能性及其频率, 我们选用3个含双价抗虫基因(Bt/CpTI)的转基因水稻品系及其相对应的非转基因水稻亲本品种(近等基因系)进行了转基因漂移的实验。为了获取在近距离状况下转基因水稻与非转基因水稻品种之间的转基因漂移频率, 采用了转基因与非转基因水稻品种间隔种植的栽培方式, 分别在福建省福州市和海南省三亚市的转基因环境安全实验地进行实验, 并利用潮霉素抗性筛选标记基因来鉴定转基因和非转基因稻的杂种。共检测了从非转基因水稻品种随机收获的70,056颗种子, 以此计算转基因漂移频率。结果表明, 在相邻种植的情况下, 由这3个转基因水稻向对应的非转基因水稻品种的转基因漂移的频率比较低(0.275–0.832％)。如此近距离条件下获得的低转基因漂移频率表明, 对于严格自花授粉的水稻而言, 通过一定的隔离措施, 能有效地降低由花粉介导的转基因漂移导致的非转基因种子混杂。     

杂交-渐渗进化理论在转基因逃逸及其环境风险评价和研究中的意义

转基因作物的商品化生产和大规模环境释放, 引起了全球对生物安全问题的广泛关注和争议, 其中转基因通过花粉介导的基因漂移逃逸到非转基因作物及其野生近缘种, 进而带来不同类型的环境风险就是备受争议的生物安全问题之一。有效的生物安全评价和研究能够为转基因作物的安全持久利用保驾护航。按照风险评价的原则, 对于转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的评价应包括两个重要步骤: (1)检测转基因向野生近缘种(包括杂草类型)群体逃逸的频率; (2)确定逃逸后的转基因能否通过遗传渐渗在野生近缘种群体中存留和扩散。杂交－渐渗是进化生物学中非常重要的科学命题和普遍的自然现象, 杂交－渐渗的进化理论与转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的研究和评价有密切的关系。杂交－渐渗过程往往导致物种形成、适应性进化和自然群体的濒危与灭绝, 这是因为在杂交－渐渗过程中, 不同的机制如遗传同化作用、群体湮没效应以及群体的选择性剔除效应等都会在很大程度上影响群体的进化过程。转基因通过杂交－渐渗进入野生群体, 使这一过程更加复杂化。如果转基因能提高群体的适合度, 则更有利于其渐渗速率, 从而在群体中迅速扩散并带来一定的生态后果。杂交－渐渗的进化理论和思想将有益于指导转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的研究和评价。     

Underproduction of sigma 70 mimics a stringent response. A proteome approach

When Escherichia coli cells enter stationary phase due to carbon starvation the synthesis of ribosomal proteins is rapidly repressed. In a DeltarelA DeltaspoT mutant, defective in the production of the alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), this regulation of the levels of the protein synthesizing system is abolished. Using a proteomic approach we demonstrate that the production of the vast majority of detected E. coli proteins are decontrolled during carbon starvation in the DeltarelA DeltaspoT strain and that the starved cells behave as if they were growing exponentially. In addition we show that the inhibition of ribosome synthesis by the stringent response can be qualitatively mimicked by artificially lowering the levels of the housekeeping sigma factor, sigma(70). In other words, genes encoding the protein-synthesizing system are especially sensitive to reduced availability of sigma(70) programmed RNA polymerase. This effect is not dependent on ppGpp since lowering the levels of sigma(70) gives a similar but less pronounced effect in a ppGpp(0) strain. The data is discussed in view of the models advocating for a passive control of gene expression during stringency based on alterations in RNA polymerase availability.     

Statures in Han populations of China

<正>Dear Editor,Shortly after initiating thePhysical Anthropological Research on Han Chineseresearch project,we applied uniform sampling methods as well as methods and instruments of measurement to obtain a complete set of measurements of physical anthropological indicators among Han populations across China.Among these measurements,body stature was a key indicator.Currently,there should be reliable     

Elymus sibiricus, E. nutans 和 E. burchan-buddae 的形态学鉴定及其染色体组亲缘关系的研究

为了进一步研究Elymus sibiricus L.、E．nutans Griseb．和E．burchan-buddae(Neuski)Tzelev [＝Roegneria nutans(Keng)Keng]的外部形态差异及其系统学关系,本文对这三种植物的6个穗部形 态性状进行了观测和比较,并对这三个Elymus种进行了种间杂交及杂种F1的减数分裂染色体配对行 为的分析研究。结果表明：这三个Elymus种的穗长及颖长等性状均变异很大,而内稃的长、宽则变异 不大并具有明显的种间差异。E. nutans×E．barchan-buddae及E.nutans×E．sibiricus的杂种F1均完 全不育,减数分裂不规则。E．nutans×E．burchan-buddae杂种F1的减数分裂构型为：7.70I+13.40 Ⅱ+0.06Ⅲ+O.08 Ⅳ,而E．sibiricus×E．nutans杂种F1的构型为11.98 Ⅰ+9.61Ⅱ+O.64Ⅲ+0.39 Ⅳ+0.01V。由本实验的形态学和细胞学的研究结果得出以下结论：1．利用内稃形态性状结合穗部 其它性状的差异能对这三个物种进行较准确的鉴定;2．E．nutans与E.burchan-buddae的亲缘关系较 近,而E．nutans与E．sibiricus的亲缘关系则较远;3. E,burchan-buddae×E．nutans的杂种Fl中存在着染色体配对控制因子。     

Advances in the reintroduction of rare and endangered wild plant species

Human disturbance and climate change have increased the risk of extinction for rare and endangered wild plant species.One effective way to conserve these rare and endangered species is through reintroduction.In this review,we summarize the advances in wild plant reintroduction from five perspectives:the establishment of reintroduction biology as an important tool for biodiversity conservation;the importance of genetic diversity in reintroduction;reintroduction under global climate change;recruitment limitation in reintroduction;and reintroduction and ecological restoration.In addition,we consider the future of plant reintroduction strategies.     

Trichosanthin inhibits T cell activation by interfering with the recruitment of ZAP-70 to CD3 ζchain

INTRoDUCTIONThichosanthin(Tk),aplantproteinisolatedfromaChinesemedicinalherbTh-1.Correspondenceaddress:Dr.KuangYenCHoU,ShanghaiInstituteofImmunology,Shang-haiSecondMedicalUniversity28oSouthChongqingRoad,Shanghai2ooo25,China.Fax:(8621)63846383,E-mail:my@sh…