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1.
Gursky EA Bice G 《Biosecurity and bioterrorism : biodefense strategy, practice, and science》2012,10(1):55-65
September 11 and the subsequent anthrax attacks marked the beginning of significant investment by the federal government to develop a national public health emergency response capability. Recognizing the importance of the public health sector's contribution to the burgeoning homeland security enterprise, this investment was intended to convey a "dual benefit" by strengthening the overall public health infrastructure while building preparedness capabilities. In many instances, federal funds were used successfully for preparedness activities. For example, electronic health information networks, a Strategic National Stockpile, and increased interagency cooperation have all contributed to creating a more robust and prepared enterprise. Additionally, the knowledge of rarely seen or forgotten pathogens has been regenerated through newly established public health learning consortia, which, too, have strengthened relationships between the practice and academic communities. Balancing traditional public health roles with new preparedness responsibilities heightened public health's visibility, but it also presented significant complexities, including expanded lines of reporting and unremitting inflows of new guidance documents. Currently, a rapidly diminishing public health infrastructure at the state and local levels as a result of federal budget cuts and a poor economy serve as significant barriers to sustaining these nascent federal public health preparedness efforts. Sustaining these improvements will require enhanced coordination, collaboration, and planning across the homeland security enterprise; an infusion of innovation and leadership; and sustained transformative investment for governmental public health. 相似文献
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Summary The purpose of this work was to study some biochemical and microbiological changes occurring during the fermentation of chorote, an important indigenous fermented food in the Mexican state of Tabasco. The chorote solid state fermentation is similar to that for the production of pozol, though fermented and roasted cacao beans are added to the maize dough. Changes in pH, lactic acid, total and soluble protein, available lysine and tryptophan as well as in some microbial groups were recorded during a 9-day fermentation period. Microbiological analysis showed an increase in moulds, yeasts, amylolytic lactic acid and nitrogen-fixing bacteria during the fermentation. There was a decrease in pH (to 4.2) and a significant net increase in protein content. There was also an increase in soluble protein and tryptophan. 相似文献
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《Journal of Biomedical Engineering》1988,10(6):477-482
Developments of the past decade, primarily in biomechanics, are characterized through personal recollections. Topics covered include pressure treatment of hypertrophic scars, laser eradication of tattoos, amputation stump and artificial limb interactions, elbow arthoplasty, disability rehabilitation and training for sports performance, functional electrical stimulation and joint goniometry. The review is prefaced by comments on the present day context and resource environment of bioengineering research and ends by discussing the anticipated advent of health maintenance orientated community care as the activity of first priority for the future. 相似文献
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Annelid phylogeny is one of the largest unresolved problems within the Metazoa. This is due to the enormous age of this taxon
and also strongly influenced by the current discussion on the position of the Arthropoda, which traditionally is hypothesized
to be the annelid sister taxon. Within the framework of recent discussions on the position of the Annelida, the ground pattern
of this taxon is either a clitellate-like, parapodia-less dwelling organism or an organisms that resembles errant polychaetes
in having parapodia and gills and probably being a predator. To solve this problem different attempts have been made in the
past, cladistic analysis, scenario based plausibility considerations and a successive search for sister taxa base on isolated
characters. These attempts are presented and critically discussed. There is at least strong support for the Annelida as wells
as for several of its taxa above the level of traditional families; the monophyly of the Polychaeta, however, remains questionable.
The term taxon is used here in the sense of group of things that share certain characteristics. Biological taxa are not necessarily
monophyletic, although many of them turned out to be. In terms of phylogenetic systematics taxa should be monophyletic. 相似文献
5.
S. L. Bauke M. Landl M. Koch D. Hofmann K. A. Nagel N. Siebers A. Schnepf W. Amelung 《Plant and Soil》2017,416(1-2):67-82
Background and aims
Macropores may be preferential root pathways into the subsoil. We hypothesised that the presence of macropores promotes P-uptake from subsoil, particularly at limited water supply in surface soil. We tested this hypothesis in a rhizotron experiment with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Scirocco) under variation of fertilisation and irrigation.Methods
Rhizotrons were filled with compacted subsoil (bulk density 1.4 g cm?3), underneath a P-depleted topsoil. In half of these rhizotrons the subsoil contained artificial macropores. Spring wheat was grown for 41 days with and without irrigation and 31P–addition. Also, a 33P–tracer was added at the soil surface to trace P-distribution in plants using liquid scintillation counting and radioactive imaging.Results
Fertilisation and irrigation promoted biomass production and plant P-uptake. Improved growing conditions resulted in a higher proportion of subsoil roots, indicating that the topsoil root system additionally promoted subsoil nutrient acquisition. The presence of macropores did not improve plant growth but tended to increase translocation of 33P into both above- and belowground biomass. 33P–imaging confirmed that this plant-internal transport of topsoil-P extended into subsoil roots.Conclusions
The lack of penetration resistance in macropores did not increase plant growth and nutrient uptake from subsoil here; however, wheat specifically re-allocated topsoil-P for subsoil root growth.6.
Diana Gulei Bogdan Petrut Adrian Bogdan Tigu Anca Onaciu Eva Fischer-Fodor Atanas G. Atanasov 《Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology》2013,48(5):564-577
Cancer represents a heterogeneous disease with multiple levels of regulation and a dynamic environment that sustains the evolution of the malignant mass. This dynamic is in part sustained by a class of extracellular vesicles termed exosomes that are able to imprint the pathological state by incorporating differential cargos in order to facilitate cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes are stable within the extracellular medium and function as shuttles secreted by healthy or pathological cells, being further taken by the accepting cell with direct effects on its phenotype. The exosomal trafficking is deeply involved in multiple levels of cancer development with roles in all cancer hallmarks. Nowadays, studies are constantly exploring the ability of exosomes to sustain the malignant progression in order to attack this pathological trafficking and impair the ability of the tumor mass to expand within the organisms. As important, the circulatory characteristics of exosomes represent a steady advantage regarding the possibility of using them as minimally invasive diagnosis tools, where cancer patients’ present modified exosomal profiles compared to the healthy ones. This last characteristic, as novel diagnosis tools, has the advantage of a possible rapid transition within the clinic, compared to the studies that evaluate the therapeutic meaning. 相似文献
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《International journal for parasitology》2023,53(2):91-101
The ornate dog tick (Dermacentor reticulatus) shows a recently expanding geographic distribution. Knowledge on its intraspecific variability, population structure, rate of genetic diversity and divergence, including its evolution and geographic distribution, is crucial to understand its dispersal capacity. All such information would help to evaluate the potential risk of future spread of associated pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. A set of 865 D. reticulatus ticks was collected from 65 localities across 21 countries, from Portugal in the west to Kazakhstan and southern Russia in the east. Cluster analyses of 16 microsatellite loci were combined with nuclear (ITS2, 18S) and mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) sequence data to uncover the ticks’ population structures and geographical patterns. Approximate Bayesian computation was applied to model evolutionary relationships among the found clusters. Low variability and a weak phylogenetic signal showing an east–west cline were detected both for mitochondrial and nuclear sequence markers. Microsatellite analyses revealed three genetic clusters, where the eastern and western cluster gradient was supplemented by a third, northern cluster. Alternative scenarios could explain such a tripartite population structure by independent formation of clusters in separate refugia, limited gene flow connected with isolation by distance causing a “bipolar pattern”, and the northern cluster deriving from admixture between the eastern and western populations. The best supported demographic scenario of this tick species indicates that the northern cluster derived from admixture between the eastern and western populations 441 (median) to 224 (mode) generations ago, suggesting a possible link with the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe. 相似文献
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Taiga Kasuya 《Mycoscience》2007,48(5):309-311
Aseroë coccinea, an invalid name for a Japanese phalloid, is formally validated. Morphological features of A. coccinea are described and illustrated. This fungus is well distinguishable from the other known species of Aseroë by 7–9 bright red arms dispersed radially on the apex of the receptacle, not bifurcating but simple, and consisting of a single tubulate chamber. 相似文献
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Agnieszka B. Wegrzyn Sarah Stolle Rienk A. Rienksma Vítor A.P. Martins dos Santos Barbara M. Bakker Maria Suarez-Diez 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2019,1865(2):360-370
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and its precursor flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are redox cofactors that are required for the activity of more than hundred human enzymes. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins cause severe phenotypes, including a lack of energy supply and accumulation of toxic intermediates. Ideally, patients should be diagnosed before they show symptoms so that treatment and/or preventive care can start immediately. This can be achieved by standardized newborn screening tests. However, many of the flavin-related diseases lack appropriate biomarker profiles. Genome-scale metabolic models can aid in biomarker research by predicting altered profiles of potential biomarkers. Unfortunately, current models, including the most recent human metabolic reconstructions Recon and HMR, typically treat enzyme-bound flavins incorrectly as free metabolites. This in turn leads to artificial degrees of freedom in pathways that are strictly coupled. Here, we present a reconstruction of human metabolism with a curated and extended flavoproteome. To illustrate the functional consequences, we show that simulations with the curated model – unlike simulations with earlier Recon versions - correctly predict the metabolic impact of multiple-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency as well as of systemic flavin-depletion. Moreover, simulations with the new model allowed us to identify a larger number of biomarkers in flavoproteome-related diseases, without loss of accuracy. We conclude that adequate inclusion of cofactors in constraint-based modelling contributes to higher precision in computational predictions. 相似文献
11.
Tropical and subtropical ecosystems, especially those found on limestone substrates, are among the most diverse terrestrial habitats in China. However, little is known about patterns of plant diversity, ecology and conservation status within these ecosystems. In this special issue we present five reviews and/or in-depth studies of these tropical Chinese plants and ecosystems that capture current research efforts in tropical China plant ecology. 相似文献
12.
Suat W Loo Andrew F Dean Philip Murray 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2009,6(1):8
Metastasis to the internal auditory canal from breast carcinoma is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. It radiologically mimics vestibular schwannoma and can occur as a first manifestation of systemic relapse after a long disease-free interval in patients previously treated for early breast cancer. The diagnosis is usually made retrospectively and the optimal management of such metastasis following complete resection remains undefined. 相似文献
13.
Fungi are key players in terrestrial ecosystem functions. They are not only indispensable symbionts of most of the terrestrial plants, but can also interact with almost all organisms and are the major decomposers of organic matter. Indeed, they are involved in most ecosystem services, so much that life on earth would not have evolved without them. Competition among fungi and with other organism groups has driven evolution of offensive and defensive mechanisms, including the production of secondary metabolites, which continue to be widely unexplored. In addition, fungal plant parasites threaten the global agricultural production and are therefore of highest relevance for human health and survival. Given the ecological and economical relevance of fungi, advancement of other biological and physical sciences are impeded because mycology—the science devoted to the study of fungi—is insufficiently recognized as a major field of life science and supported in basic and applied research and economic contexts. 相似文献
14.
Photoinhibition – a historical perspective 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Photoinhibition is a state of physiological stress that occurs in all oxygen evolving photosynthetic organisms exposed to
light. The primary damage occurs within the reaction center of Photosystem II (PS II). While irreversible photoinduced damage
to PS II occurs at all light intensities, the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transfer decreases markedly only when
the rate of damage exceeds the rate of its repair, which requires de novo PS II protein synthesis. Photoinhibition has been studied for over a century using a large variety of biochemical, biophysical
and genetic methodologies. The discovery of the light induced turnover of a protein, encoded by the plastid psbA gene (the D1 protein), later identified as one of the photochemical reaction center II proteins, has led to the elucidation
of the underlying mechanism of photoinhibition and to a deeper understanding of the PS II `life cycle.'
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
《TARGETS》2003,2(4):177-179
Patent Update is a regular column dedicated to the complex issues that affect patents in the genomics and proteomics field. In each issue, there are two sections compiled by patent attorneys. The first section, Patents – a Practical Perspective, is a commentary on current issues, landmark patents, useful patent resources and how to search them, and legislative changes that impact the pharma and biotech industries. The second section, Patent News, provides brief synopses of recently issued patents and other patent events, and their significance to drug discovery R&D. 相似文献
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Andrea C. Rinaldi 《Biometals》2000,13(1):9-13
In this brief paper, the author reports on a meeting on copper research (2nd International Meeting on Copper Homeostasis and its Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Aspects) recently held in Ravello, Italy (17–21 September 1999). Aimed at elucidating the diverse roles played by copper ions in biology and medicine, as they are currently intensely investigated worldwide, the meeting has been organized around a number of major topics from prominent areas of copper research. These included the molecular and cellular basis of copper transport, molecular advances in Menkes and Wilson's diseases, the involvement of copper in neurodegenerative diseases, the structure and function of copper metalloproteins. 相似文献
20.
Karl A. Didier David Wilkie Iain Douglas-Hamilton Laurence Frank Nicholas Georgiadis Max Graham Festus Ihwagi Anthony King Alayne Cotterill Dan Rubenstein Rosie Woodroffe 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2009,18(7):1979-2000
Conservation projects may be reluctant to attempt Systematic Conservation Planning because existing methods are often prohibitive
in the time, money, data, and expertise they require. We tried to develop a “resource light” method for Systematic Conservation
Planning and applied it to the Ewaso Ngiro Landscape of central Kenya. Over a 6-month preparation period and 1-week participatory
workshop, we used expert assessments to select focal biodiversity features, set quantitative targets for these, map their
current distribution, vulnerability, potential for recovery, and conservation costs, and, finally, map cross-feature conservation
priorities. Preparation for and facilitation of the workshop required time investment by one part-time workshop coordinator,
eight workshop committee members, six ecosystem experts, and two GIS technicians. Total time investment was approximately
56.5 person-weeks spread over facilitators and 40 workshop participants. Monetary costs for the workshop were approximately
$US 42,000, excluding investments made by researchers previous to this project. Costs for a similar workshop could vary substantially,
depending on need to cover salaries, international travel, food and lodging, and the number of participants. To stay within
our resource constraints, we completed the exercise for only four of nine focal biodiversity features and did not negotiate
trade-offs between conservation and human land-uses or use planning software to identify “optimal networks” of conservation
areas. These were not considered critical for conservationists to try Systematic Conservation Planning, introduce landscape-scale
conservation concepts to stakeholders, and begin implementing landscape conservation strategies. Participants agreed that
further work would be needed to complete and update the planning process. Due to the lack of comparative cost data from similar
planning exercises, we cannot definitively conclude that our approach was “resource light”, although we suspect it is within
the constraints of most site-based conservation projects. 相似文献