戊型肝炎病毒ORF2编码多肽抗原的表达及其特性研究

迄今所发现的唯一的戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）中和表位定位于开放读码框架2（ORF2）编码蛋白的第578和第607氨基酸（aa）之间的区域。将对应此区域的基因片段通过一段柔性的甘氨酸铰链与乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）表面抗原（HBsAg）基因的3′端相连,构建成HBV/HEV融合基因。该融合基因在毕赤酵母细胞内的表达产物物为分子量约29kDa的融合蛋白,具有组装成嵌合病毒样颗粒（VLP）的能力。此嵌合VLP具有与HBsAgVLP相似的特性且保留了天然HBV/HEV双重抗原性。对此嵌合VLP特性的初步研究提示其可能具有HBV/HEV双价重组疫苗的潜在应用前景。     

戊型肝炎病毒ORF1多聚蛋白的不同功能域在细胞内的定位

为了探讨戊型肝炎病毒多聚蛋白ORF1的多个功能域在宿主细胞中的表达和定位情况,我们首先将psk-HEV重组载体上的ORF1各功能域的编码序列克隆到绿色荧光蛋白载体pcDNA3.1-GFP上,构建成融合表达的重组质粒,并测序和酶切鉴定其构建成功。再通过Western-Blot验证各融合蛋白在细胞中正确表达,并用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察融合蛋白在细胞内的分布和定位。在Huh7细胞中,RdRp蛋白主要分布于细胞核内,HEL蛋白以囊泡状分布于细胞核周,MET蛋白以颗粒状存在于细胞核和细胞质中,PLP蛋白呈极性分布于细胞核周,X蛋白在细胞核和细胞质中均存在。各融合蛋白在细胞中的不同定位印证了对这些蛋白质的功能预测和体外研究结果,这为进一步研究HEV不同蛋白功能提供了支持。     

CD63在戊型肝炎病毒感染中的作用机制

本研究旨在寻找戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)衣壳蛋白ORF2的相互作用蛋白,探讨其在HEV感染中的作用。采用酵母双杂交方法从人肝细胞文库中筛选与HEV ORF2相互作用的蛋白,结果显示CD63与HEV ORF2相互作用。Pull-down实验提示原核表达的ORF2与CD63结合较弱,而免疫共沉淀实验提示真核表达的ORF2能与CD63结合。流式细胞术检测结果显示,HEV易感细胞PLC/PRF/5细胞膜表面的CD63表达水平普遍低于HEV非易感细胞。过表达CD63抑制PLC/PRF/5细胞的HEV感染,而小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)干扰CD63表达则促进HEV感染。结果提示,CD63能与HEV ORF2相互作用,可能抑制HEV感染肝细胞。     

戊型肝炎病毒开读框架3的分子生物学特性及研究进展

结合近年来在HEV病毒ORF3基因片断方面的研究进展,详细论述了ORF3的分子生物学特性,编码蛋白的生物学功能和它在戊型肝炎的诊断与预防中发挥的作用。对来自不同实验室的科研数据进行了综合分析及科学推论,预测并展望了今后HEV的研究方向。     

猪戊型肝炎病毒swCH-GS189株ORF2基因的克隆及序列分析

为进行猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2基因特征研究,参照GenBank中已发表的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)核酸序列,设计了一对扩增HEV ORF2基因的引物,利用RT-PCR等方法克隆出了一株猪戊型肝炎病毒甘肃分离株GS189的ORF2基因cDNA片段.序列测定结果表明,swCH-GS189株的ORF2基因长2 025 bp,编码674个氨基酸,与GenBank中公布的其它毒株间的核苷酸序列同源性为79.1%～91.8%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为89.5%～98.8%.系统发育进化树结果表明,该分离株为基因IV型.     

戊型肝炎病毒细胞培养模型的研究进展

戊型肝炎病毒（ HEV）体外细胞培养模型的建立有助于阐明HEV的感染、复制及其致病机理,有利于新型抗病毒药物和疫苗的研发与评估。近年来国内外对HEV细胞培养模型的报道很多,但所用细胞系、感染方法及病毒的复制效果等不尽相同。因此,对近年来HEV细胞培养模型的研究进展进行了综述。     

大肠杆菌表达的戊型肝炎病毒ORF2片段的聚合现象研究

在大肠杆菌中表达了戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）ORF2的a.a.394～a.a.604片段,得到的重组蛋白NE2在SDSPAGE中主要以可被尿素解聚的二聚体形式存在,二聚体对病人血清的反应性明显强于单体;质谱分析表明NE2可形成从二聚体到至少六聚体的多种聚体;动态光散射测定表明平均分子半径约4nm,相当于四聚体,但分散度较大,提示为多种大小不一的聚合体的混合物。这些证据表明NE2蛋白可形成以同源二聚体为基本单位的多种聚合体形式,其中以二聚体间的结合最为紧密,并且以二聚体为基础可进一步装配出多种更高级结构,从而具有作为HEV疫苗及诊断试剂抗原的良好前景。      

猪戊型肝炎病毒防控及研究策略分析

戊型肝炎为人畜共患病病原, 猪是主要的病毒储库。我国猪场戊肝病毒流行情况复杂, 猪感染率高, 同一地点存在3型或/和4型两种基因型混合污染。病毒存在基因重组和准种现象, 为病毒遗传进化提供了遗传基础。当前猪戊肝感染人的主要媒介为污染的猪肉及其制品, 其他感染机制和途径还有待进一步阐明。应加强对猪HEV与猪场其他流行病原体相互关系的研究, 同时应加强猪HEV相关信息的积累分析包括对猪HEV感染特性和遗传特性进行实时监测, 将猪HEV流行情况纳入兽医公共卫生预警体系, 实现常态跟踪。     

戊型肝炎病毒Ⅳ型ORF2蛋白在汉逊酵母中的表达

为了寻求新型表达系统来研制戊型肝炎基因工程疫苗,利用甲基营养型汉逊酵母(Hansenulapolymorpha)系统表达戊型肝炎病毒(HepatitisEvirus,HEV)Ⅳ型结构区ORF2编码蛋白第112-607氨基酸片段。为实现目的基因在汉逊酵母中的高效表达,根据汉逊酵母偏爱密码子优化设计目的基因,用搭桥PCR法合成优化后的基因序列,并克隆到多拷贝表达载体上,转化汉逊酵母营养缺陷宿主菌ATCC26012(Ura3-),在选择培养基上培养,运用PCR法筛选得到携带外源基因的重组菌株,然后用含甲醇的培养基诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE、ELISA和Westernblot检测和鉴定。SDS-PAGE实验结果表明目的蛋白分子量约为56kD,表达量占菌体总蛋白的12%;ELISA检测结果表明表达产物为具有免疫反应性的HEVORF2蛋白,ELISA效价最高可达1∶2048,目的蛋白表达量随着基因拷贝数的增加呈升高的趋势;Westernblot鉴别实验结果证实表达产物与HEV多抗有特异性抗原抗体结合反应。HEV结构区ORF2蛋白在汉逊酵母中的成功表达,为研制基因工程戊型肝炎疫苗奠定了基础。     

上海部分地区戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因型的分析

为了解戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)在上海部分地区流行的基因型,采用RT-nPCR的方法检验35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中HEV RNA,并对阳性产物进行克隆测序,然后对其基因型进行分析.结果显示在35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中PCR阳性为9例,测序证实8例为HEV的基因序列;其中1例为HEV 1型,7例为HEV 4型.提示在上海部分地区的急性散发性戊型肝炎中以HEV 4型感染为主.     

猪源戊型肝炎病毒基因IV型ORF3编码蛋白的表达及鉴定

通过PCR从已构建的猪源戊型肝炎病毒全基因克隆扩增ORF3全基因,将扩增产物插入到pMD18-T载体中,亚克隆至原核表达载体pET28a（+）,构建pET28a-ORF3表达载体,转入E.coli BL21 (DE3),IPTG诱导表达。Ni-NTA层析柱纯化表达蛋白,用SDS-PAGE、免疫印迹、ELISA等方法分析鉴定表达产物。结果成功扩增到345 bp的目的基因;构建了重组表达载体pET28a-ORF3;转化宿主菌E.coli BL21 (DE3)后表达产物的相对分子质量在6.50~16.5 kDa之间,与预期表达的目的蛋白相对分子质量相符;表达的目的蛋白能与阳性猪源和人源血清发生特异性反应,证实其具有较好的反应原性。     

Sequence to structure analysis of the ORF4 protein from Hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. HEV accounts for up to 30% mortality rate in pregnant women, with highest incidences reported for genotype 1 (G1) HEV. The contributing factors in adverse cases during pregnancy in women due to HEV infection is still debated. The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of viral infection is attributed to different genomic component of HEV, i.e., open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1, ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4. Recently, ORF4 has been discovered in enhancing the replication of GI isolates of HEV through regulation of an IRES-like RNA element. However, its characterization through computational methodologies remains unexplored. In this novel study, we provide comprehensive overview of ORF4 protein''s genetic and molecular characteristics through analyzing its sequence and different structural levels. A total of three different datasets (Human, Rat and Ferret) of ORF4 genomes were built and comparatively analyzed. Several non-synonymous mutations in conjunction with higher entropy values were observed in rat and ferret datasets, however, limited variation was observed in human ORF4 genomes. Higher transition to tranversion ratio was observed in the ORF4 genomes. Studies have reported the association of intrinsic disordered proteins (IDP) with drug discovery due to its role in several signaling and regulatory processes through protein-protein interactions (PPIs). As PPIs are potent drug target sources, thus the ORF4 protein was explored by analyzing its polypeptide structure in order to shed light on its intrinsic disorder. Pressures that lead towards preponderance of disordered-promoting amino acid residues shaped the evolution of ORF4. The intrinsic disorder propensity analysis revealed ORF4 protein (Human) as a highly disordered protein (IDP). Predominance of coils and lack of secondary structure further substantiated our findings suggesting its involvement in binding to ligand molecules. Thus, ORF4 contributes to cellular signaling processes through protein-protein interactions, as IDPs are targets for regulation to accelerate the process of drug designing strategies against HEV infections.     

Acidic pH enhances structure and structural stability of the capsid protein of hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is enterically transmitted and endemic to tropical areas of the world. The major capsid protein of HEV is pORF2 ( approximately 74 kDa), encoded by open reading frame 2 (ORF2). When expressed in insect cells, it is processed into a approximately 55 kDa form (n-pORF2). We also generated a mutant, m-pORF2, lacking a C-terminal hydrophobic region shown earlier to be required for its homo-oligomerization. Circular dichroism was used to measure the secondary structure and stability of these proteins as a function of pH and temperature. With decreasing pH both proteins acquired increasing alpha-helicity and thermal stability in terms of midpoint of denaturation and the Gibbs energy change.     

Evidence of MAPK–JNK1/2 activation by hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein in cultured hepatoma cells

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently emerged to cause chronic infection in some immunosuppressed individuals, including extrahepatic manifestations in acute and chronic patients. Mammalian MAPK–JNK1/2 is expressed in hepatocytes, which is known to be involved in anti-apoptotic signaling pathway for the establishment of persistent infection. Though in vitro modulation of cellular MAPK–ERK cascade by HEV-ORF3 protein is suggested to have a role in host pathobiology, activation of the JNK module has not been studied so far. In this report, we have shown for the first time, evidence of MAPK–JNK1/2 activation by HEV-ORF3, using viral replicon as well as expression vector in human hepatoma cells. Phospho-ELISA based relative quantitaion has demonstrated ~54% and ~66% phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in replicon-RNA and ORF3-vector DNA transfected cells, respectively. Our finding however, suggests further molecular studies to validate a role of JNK1/2 in HEV pathogenesis.     

戊型肝炎病毒基因 ORF3编码蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达及鉴定

实验以两种不同的表达策略构建了两个以大肠杆菌DE3为宿主的原核表达载体,由T7启动子启动外源基因的转录,在诱导剂IPTG诱导下成功地进行了戊肝病毒ORF3蛋白的原核表达。并通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、免疫印迹、竞争抑制法酶联免疫等一系列实验对两种表达产物进行了鉴定和分析。综合分析两种表达结果发现,在融合型表达中ORF3蛋白与其融合标签蛋白(谷胱甘肽S一转移酶)之间存在免疫交叉反应,而且这种融合标签蛋白在空间结构上可能对ORF3蛋白中的抗体结合位点有掩盖作用。     

Sequence to structural analysis of ORF5 protein in Norway rat Hepatitis E Virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis in developing countries. The Norway rat HEV genome consists of six open reading frames (ORFs), i.e., ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5 and ORF6. The additional reading frame encoded protein ORF5 is attributed to life cycle of rat HEV. The ORFF5 protein’s function remains undetermined. Therefore, it is of interest to analyze the ORF5 protein for its physiochemical properties, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and functional characteristics using bioinformatics tools. Analysis of the ORF5 protein revealed it as highly unstable, hydrophilic with basic pI. The ORF5 protein consisted mostly of Arg, Pro, Ser, Leu and Gly. The 3D structural homology model of the ORF5 protein generated showed mixed α/β structural fold with predominance of coils. Structural analysis revealed the presence of clefts, pores and a tunnel. This data will help in the sequence, structure and functional annotation of ORF5.