藻红蓝蛋白裂合异构酶对几种脱辅基藻胆蛋白的催化作用

PecE/PecF是层理鞭枝藻藻红蓝蛋白α亚基(α-PEC)生物合成的裂合异构酶。以4种脱辅基藻胆蛋白为底物,初步研究了PecE/PecF对底物蛋白的催化专一性。结果表明,PecE/PecF可催化藻蓝胆素(PCB)与高度同源的层理鞭枝藻不同亚种的α-PEC脱辅基蛋白的体外重组,也可催化经128位Trp定点突变到Phe而得到的α-PEC脱辅基蛋白的体外重组,但PecE/PecF对PCB与藻蓝蛋白α亚基(α-CPC)脱辅基蛋白的体外重组无催化作用。A-PEC脱辅基蛋白的重组不受表面活性剂Triton X-100的影响,而Triton X-100可改进PCB与α-CPC脱辅基蛋白的重组。     

层理鞭枝藻藻蓝蛋白E和F基因的克隆及序列分析

克隆并测定了层理鞭枝藻藻蓝蛋白E和F基因全序列,通过将其氨基酸序列与其他蓝藻的相应序列进行比较,表明层理鞭枝藻中cpcE,cpcF所编码的蛋白质是层理鞭枝藻中α-CPC生命合成的连接酶。     

层理鞭枝藻藻蓝蛋白和藻红蓝蛋白β亚基Cys-155的藻胆色素共价偶联

层理鞭枝藻(Mastigocladus laminosus PCC7603)藻蓝蛋白β-CPC和藻红蓝蛋白β-PEC中均存在2个藻胆色素结合位点(Cys-84和Cys-155),可与藻蓝胆素(简称PCB)发生共价偶联反应,已有研究证实编码基因为alr0617的裂合酶CpcS1是催化Cys-84与PCB共价偶联的裂合酶。在研究Cys-155与PCB共价偶联的过程中,通过BLAST软件同源性对比分析后,筛选出4个基因:cpcT1、cpcT2、cpcS1、cpcS2,其中基因cpcT1和cpcS2,利用分子克隆的技术,根据实验需要转到载体pCDFDuet上,通过DNA电泳和蛋白质电泳挑选出正确的克隆。此4个基因对应的质粒与在大肠杆菌内生成PCB必需的质粒pACYCDuet-ho1-pcyA,以及质粒pET-cpcB(C84S)或pET-pecB(C84A),共同转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)内,进行体内重组,得到各重组蛋白,经过亲和层析柱提纯并透析,过滤掉金属离子,纯化透析后的蛋白经过活性比较、蛋白质电泳以及锌染色、蛋白质变性等试验以及荧光和紫外吸收光谱等鉴定,通过与相应文献中PCB光谱的比对,确定编码基因为all5339的裂合酶CpcT1能高效地催化Cys-155与PCB共价偶联,而其余3个基因不能起到催化作用。由此,能催化脱辅基蛋白β-CPC和β-PEC的两个位点共价偶联PCB的裂合酶均被发现。实验对于研究藻胆蛋白的生物合成、光合作用捕光机理以及藻胆体的组装等有重要的意义。       

球等鞭金藻中Δ5去饱和酶基因的克隆与功能鉴定

球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)是一类单细胞海洋微藻,富含二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22:6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19)。我们利用RACE的方法从球等鞭金藻cDNA文库中同源克隆到一个大小为1329 bp的cDNA片段,编码442个氨基酸的多肽,分子量约49.9 kD。生物信息学分析表明,其编码产物N端具有细胞色素b5结构域,以及与电子传递有关的三个富含组氨酸的结构域,与Pavlova salinaΔ5去饱和酶同源性最高,达56%,故将该基因命名为IgD5。酿酒酵母功能鉴定实验表明,其编码的蛋白质具有Δ5去饱和酶活性,能够将二高-γ-亚麻酸(DGLA,20:3Δ8,11,14)转化成花生四烯酸(AA,20:4Δ5,8,11,14),转化效率平均为34.6%,最高可达40.3%。     

优化培养基增加层理鞭枝藻藻胆蛋白产量

藻胆蛋白(phycobiliprotein)是蓝藻和红藻藻胆体的组成部分,是光合作用集光复合体的组成部分,一般由α和β亚基构成,每个亚基含1～4个辅基色素,从而使藻胆蛋白具有特定的光谱吸收性质。根据这些吸收光谱性质,可以将藻胆蛋白分为:别藻蓝蛋白(APC)、藻蓝蛋白(PC)和藻红蛋白(PE)等,在某些缺乏PE而有异形胞的蓝藻中存在充当PE天线捕光功能的藻红蓝蛋白(PEC)〔1〕。藻胆蛋白可用于天然食用色素、化妆品色素和制药行业,还可作为免疫检测、荧光显微技术和流式细胞荧光测定法技术方面的荧光探针。特别是本工作研究的层理鞭枝藻(简称M.laminosu…     

虫光素酶N端16个氨基酸与催化活性密切相关

把全长虫光素酶基因及其缺失突变体(5′端缺失48个核苷酸)分别克隆到分泌型表达载体pIN-Ⅲ-ompA3,前者转化体能表达高活性虫光素酶,而后者完全丧失酶活.该结果表明虫光素酶N端16个氨基酸与酶活性密切相关.     

藻红蓝蛋白β亚基体内重组及其色谱分析

藻胆蛋白是蓝藻中的捕光蛋白,其生物合成的重要一步是藻胆色素与脱辅基蛋白的连接.大多数藻胆色素的正确连接都需要结合位点专一和对色素的构象有选择性的裂合酶来催化完成,但是这方面的报道不是很多.藻红蓝蛋白由两个亚基组成,β亚基(简称β-PEC)含171个氨基酸残基及两个辅基色素藻蓝胆素(简称PCB),分别在Cys-84和Cys-155位以硫醚键共价相连.通过同源性分析获得的由编号为alr0617基因编码的蛋白为藻红蓝蛋白β亚基(β-PEC)中的Cys-84与PCB的连接的催化酶.为了研究层理鞭枝藻藻红蓝蛋白(PEC)β亚基(β-PEC)中藻蓝胆素(PCB)与脱辅基蛋白的连接机制,通过体内重组方式得到色素蛋白PCB-PecB(C155I),分析表明该色素蛋白与β-PEC的吸收光谱和荧光光谱一致.酸性尿素变性实验证明得到的色素蛋白中的藻蓝胆素PCB没有被破坏.使用胃蛋白酶对天然藻红蓝色素蛋白和重组藻红蓝色素蛋白进行相同条件的水解并得到各自的色素肽,高效液相色谱分析表明这两种色素肽相同,由此证明了编号为alr0617基因编码的蛋白质能催化PCB与PecB(C155I)正确共价偶联.     

大肠杆菌PGDH末端缺失突变体的构建及抗反馈抑制效应分析

为了获得具有抗反馈抑制性质的大肠杆菌磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶（PGDH, d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.95）,通过对其碱基序列和蛋白质结构分析,用PCR突变法构建突变酶M1（缺失第410位氨基酸）、M2（缺失407~410位氨基酸）、M3（缺失337~410位氨基酸）。M0(野生型)及各突变型基因与pET22b(+)载体连接后,表达融合蛋白。在非变性条件下,由NTA-Ni镍离子螯合亲和层析柱纯化野生型和突变体的酶蛋白。酶活性测定结果表明,M1、M2蛋白酶均保持了原有的野生型磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶活性,且部分解除了终产物L-丝氨酸的反馈抑制作用;M3蛋白酶完全解除了终产物的反馈抑制作用,但酶本身的催化活性略有降低（为野生型的83%）。M0、M1、M2菌株PGDH与L-丝氨酸结合的Ki值分别约为7 μmol/L、20 μmol/L、50 μmol/L,说明该酶C-末端1~4个氨基酸残基对L-丝氨酸和调控区的结合有重要影响。     

鱼腥藻PCC7120基因all5292和alr0647的初步研究

通过BLAST软件分别对藻胆蛋白裂合酶(biliprotein lyase)编码基因cpcS和cpcT进行同源搜索分析,在鱼腥藻(Anabaena)PCC7120中获取了同源基因all5292和alt0647.同源分析发现,这两个基因所编码氨基酸序列与其相对应的裂合酶氨基酸序列相似程度分别达到53.4%和61.4%.随后,对这两个基因进行了初步研究.结果显示:All5292和Air0647无论单独还是共同表达均没有裂合酶催化藻蓝胆素PCB结合到藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin)或藻红蓝蛋白(phycoerythrocyanin)B亚基上的功能.通过在不同生理条件下对鱼腥藻PCC7120的培养,还对这两个基因的调控表达进行了初步的探索.结果表明:all5292和alt0647的表达与氮源的缺乏与否有联系,在氮胁迫条件下两个基因均进行了转录而在氮源充足的情况下则没有表达.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.