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1.
中国苦苣苔科植物的多样性与地理分布(附表) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
物种多样性编目是开展生物多样性保护的重要基础,该研究结合最新分子系统学研究成果以及近年来发表的新资料,对中国苦苣苔科植物多样性和地理分布数据进行了统计和分析.结果表明:中国苦苣苔科植物共有44属671种(含种下单位,下同),其中特有属11个;特有种573种,占总种数的85.39%.种数最多的10个属依次为广义报春苣苔属(180种)、广义马铃苣苔属(122种)、石蝴蝶属(39种)、半蒴苣苔属(39种)、芒毛苣苔属(38种)、长蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(31种)、吊石苣苔属(31种)、蛛毛苣苔属(28种)、汉克苣苔属(22种).在地理分布上,种数排名前10的省份(区)有广西(260种,33属)、云南(236种,30属)、贵州(96种,28属)、广东(93种,17属)、四川(85种,21属)、湖南(58种,13属)、西藏(39种,9属)、湖北(29种,15属)、福建(26种,13属)、江西(25种,9属).含中国特有苦苣苔科植物的属中排前10位的分别为广义报春苣苔属(178种)、广义马铃苣苔属(119种)、石蝴蝶属(37种)、半蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(30种)、长蒴苣苔属(29种)、吊石苣苔属(23种)、蛛毛苣苔属(19种)、芒毛苣苔属(19种)、汉克苣苔属(11种).这表明中国南部和西南部是苦苣苔科植物的一个分布中心,特别是石灰岩地区有着高度的物种多样性和特有性,广义报春苣苔属、广义马铃苣苔属、石蝴蝶属、半蒴苣苔属、石山苣苔属、吊石苣苔属等为我国典型的优势属.此外,根据目前的研究现状,还对我国苦苣苔科植物资源的调查、分类学和系统发育研究、保护和可持续利用等进行了讨论. 相似文献
2.
3.
Ferenc Kozár Zsuzsanna Konczné Benedicty Kinga Fetykó Balázs Kiss éva Szita 《ZooKeys》2013,(309):49-66
The number of scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) known from Hungary has increased in the last 10 years by 39 (16.6 %), to a total of 274 species belonging to 112 genera in10 families. The family Pseudococcidae is the most species rich, with 101 species in 34 genera; Diaspididae contains 59 species in 27 genera; Coccidae contains 54 species in 27 genera; and the Eriococcidae contains 33 species in 8 genera. The other 6 coccoid families each contain only a few species: Asterolecaniidae (7 species in 3 genera); Ortheziidae (7 species in 4 genera); Margarodidae
sensu lato (5 species in 5 genera); Cryptococcidae (3 species in 2 genera); Kermesidae (4 species in 1genus); and Cerococcidae (1 species). Of the species in the check list, 224 were found in outdoor conditions, while 50 species occurred only in indoor conditions. This paper contains 22 species recorded for the first time in the Hungarian fauna. 相似文献
4.
《农业工程》2020,40(3):221-236
The floristic study carried out during 2015–2018 revealed that the flora of Koh-e-Safaid Range comprised of 654 species, 401 genera from 116 families. Leading families were Poaceae 72 species (11.07%), Asteraceae 56 species (8.61%), Rosaceae 43 species (6.61%), Lamiaceae 41 species (6.25%), Papilionaceae 38 species (5.84%), Brassicaceae 32 species (4.92%), Ranunculaceae 17 species (2.61%), Apiaceae and Polygonaceae each with 16 species (2.41%). The largest genera were: Prunus (9 species), Potentilla and Astragalus (8 species each), Artemisia, Allium (7 species) Euphorbia and Amaranthus (6 species each), Lepidium, Nepeta and Cotoneaster (5 species each). Therophytes with 257 species (39.23%) were the dominant life form, followed by nanophanerophytes 104 species (15.92%), geophytes 100 species (15.31%), hemicryptophytes 98 species (15.00%). Cuscuta reflexa, Viscum album and Viscum articulatum were three of the shoot parasites. The leaf spectrum was dominated by nanophylls 246 species (37.67%) followed by microphylls 140 species (21.43%) and mesophylls 128 species (19.54%). Eleven species (1.68%) were aphyllous. Majority of the species (459 species, 70.29%) had simple lamina while seven species (1.07%) had spiny leaves. Present report also listed the some of the endemic species while Cleome amblycarpa and Salvia reflexa are reported as a new addition to the list of Flora of Pakistan. 相似文献
5.
Ruth A. Gómez‐Rodríguez Gabriel Gutiérrez‐Granados Griselda Montiel‐Parra Ángel Rodríguez‐Moreno Víctor Sánchez‐Cordero 《Biotropica》2015,47(4):484-490
To understand the mechanisms driving species diversity is central to community ecology. Here, we explored if habitat partitioning is associated with a species‐rich ectoparasite community in small rodents from a tropical dry forest in western Mexico. We trapped 199 mice in three 0.5 ha‐plots from eight small rodent species for every two months, from July 2011 to April 2012, and collected their ectoparasites. We identified 17 species of mites, two sucking lice species, two phoretic species, and one commensal species. The most abundant ectoparasite species was Steptolaelaps liomydis, representing 42 percent of all ectoparasites collected; seven ectoparasite species had < 10 individuals. Eighteen ectoparasite species (of 22 species) were collected from the most abundant rodent Liomys pictus. C‐score and the number of checkerboard species pairs were significantly higher against a random expectation. Ectoparasite species in L. pictus mice showed host microhabitat partitioning; Fahrenholzia ehrlichi and Fahrenholzia texana were found only in the anterior dorsal area, Ornithonysus sp. occurred along the dorsal part, Ixodes species were restricted to the ears, and Steptolaelaps liomydis was found throughout the body. We also identified ectoparasite communities with distinct species composition in two rodent species that use contrasting macrohabitats (L. pictus, strictly terrestrial; Peromyscus perfulvus, mostly arboreal). The remaining and low abundant rodent species showed a species‐poor ectoparasite community composition. We conclude that habitat partitioning at both macro and microhabitat scales appeared to characterize the species‐rich ectoparasite community. Conversely, most rodent host species with low abundances showed a species‐poor ectoparasite community. 相似文献
6.
Floristic compositions, life forms, reproductive types for forage species, and their responses to desertification in Hunshandake desert were studied. 164 species, in 30 families and 94 genera, were identified with C3 (137 species), C4 (25 species), and CAM (2 species) photosynthesis. Of the 25 C4 species, 76 % were grasses and Chenopodiaceae species (hereafter chenopods). This suggests that the C4 species mainly occurred in a few families in the desert region. The reduction of C3 species and the increase of C4 species with desertification indicated that C4 species might have higher tolerance to environmental stresses (e.g. dry and poor soil). Relatively more hemicrytophyte and therophyte forms in the desert are related to the local temperate climate and vegetation dynamics. Relatively greater proportions of C4/C3 and clonal species/sexual species at mobile dune showed that the C4 species and clonal species could make greater contribution to sand land restoration in the Hunshandake desert. 相似文献
7.
Enrih Merdi Ana Klobu
ar Toni
itko Mirta Sudari Bogojevi Ivana Vruina Nataa Turi Goran Vignjevi 《Journal of vector ecology》2020,45(1):135-139
Improvement of morphological and molecular identification methods allows the detection of new species of mosquitoes. The mosquito fauna of Croatia currently includes 52 species, belonging to eight genera, including Anopheles (12 species), Aedes (24 species), Coquillettidia (one species), Culex (seven species), Culiseta (six species), Orthopodomyia (one species), and Uranotaenia (one species). This is an updated checklist, which includes five new species found in Croatian mosquito fauna. Two of these are invasive mosquito species, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) and Aedes japonicus (Theobald 1901), which are spreading across Europe and Croatia. The other three species, Culex laticinctus (Edwards 1913), Culex torrentium (Martini 1925), and Anopheles daciae (Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach 2004) are autochthonous species which haven't been recorded so far. Since there are several more invasive species spreading across Europe, we assume that this is not the final list. 相似文献
8.
毛茛科金莲花亚科植物的地理分布 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
本文对毛茛科金莲花亚科各属的地理分布作了分析,该亚科植物除了少数属的一些种分布到南半球的温带地区,一些种分布或延伸到亚热带山地、非洲东部和北部的干旱、半干旱的地区外,绝大部分的属、种均分布于泛北极区域。根据其17个属的地理分布式样,把它们划分为8个分布区类型:(1)北温带分布类型4属;(2)北温带和非洲分布类型1属;(3)北半球温带和南半球间断分布类型1属;(4)欧洲和东亚间断分布类型1属;(5)西亚分布类型1属;(6)地中海分布类型3属;(7)欧亚和温带亚洲分布类型1属;(8)东亚分布类型5属。本文以形态特征为主,结合花粉和染色体的性状分析,认为东亚特有的鸡爪草属、Megaleranthis和铁破锣属可能分别是联系驴蹄草属和金莲花属,鸡爪草属和金莲花属以及金莲花族和升麻族的中间类型。另外,文中详细地统计了该亚科的不同等级分类群及特有种在各个植物区的分布,并从系统发育的观点讨论了各个植物区所具有的原始类群和进化类群,提出了如下论点,即东亚植物区(特别是中国西南部)不但是金莲花亚科植物分布的多度和多样性中心以及特有类群的分布中心,而且还是原始类群的保存中心,伊朗-土兰区及地中海周围是第二分布中心。 相似文献
9.
Mark A. McPeek Laurel B. Symes Denise M. Zong Curtis L. McPeek 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2011,65(2):419-428
The selection pressures imposed by mate choice for species identity should impose strong stabilizing selection on traits that confer species identity to mates. Thus, we expect that such traits should show nonoverlapping distributions among closely related species, but show little to no variance among populations within a species. We tested these predictions by comparing levels of population differentiation in the sizes and shapes of male cerci (i.e., the clasper structures used for species identity during mating) of six Enallagma damselfly species. Cerci shapes were nonoverlapping among Enallagma species, and five of six Enallagma species showed no population variation across their entire species ranges. In contrast, cerci sizes overlapped among species and varied substantially among populations within species. These results, taken with previous studies, suggest that cerci shape is a primary feature used in species recognition used to discriminate conspecific from heterospecifics during mating. 相似文献
10.
DNA barcodes in species tagging have become a popular tool for taking inventories of species from different groups worldwide. The present study aimed to generate DNA barcodes of butterfly species from the Western Himalayas in Uttarakhand, India. The Indian Western Himalayan region (IWHR) has been explored to a limited extent about butterfly species’ diversity. However, the IWHR is prone to environmental change, and slight variations in climatic conditions can influence species diversity and change butterflies' range. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was first used to generate the DNA barcode for butterflies from this region on a broad scale. 28 morphologically identified species, consisting of 102 sequences, were finally grouped into 26 species, with only two species showing ambiguity in species identification. These species had < 3% sequence variations from their neighboring relatives, suggesting cryptic species diversity. Generated sequences were also compared with the GenBank data of conspecific geographical locations, which showed intraspecies variation ranging from 1.3% to 7.3%. It was also noted that butterfly species have both intra and interspecies sequence divergence. In the phylogenetic-based species identification, a total of 28 species belonging to 4 families of butterflies were successfully discriminated, and two species at the genus level, which had high intra-specific divergence (0.025), were considered. However, the high intra-species sequence divergence observed may represent the presence of hidden species. 相似文献
11.
Ronald Fricke 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2002,65(2):175-198
The Tripterygiidae of New Caledonia are revised and their zoogeographical relationships discussed. A total of 27 species is recognized from the territory; three species are recorded from New Caledonia for the first time [Enneapterygius howensis Fricke, 1997; Enneapterygius rhabdotus Fricke, 1994; Helcogramma trigloides (Bleeker, 1858)]. From Grande Terre, 26 species are known, with four species recorded for the first time. Seven species occur at the Ile des Pins (all new records); from the Chesterfield Islands, six species of tripterygiid fishes have been recorded; and from the Loyalty Islands, 17 species are known, with three species recorded from the island group for the first time: 15 species from Ouvéa, 11 species from Lifou (eight new records) and five species from Maré (three new records). 相似文献
12.
内蒙古高原锦鸡儿属植物的形态和生理生态适应性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
比较研究内蒙古高原锦鸡儿属(Caragana)中生种,旱生种和强旱生种的叶片形态结构、渗透调节、气孔调节和保护酶,目的是揭示锦鸡儿属不同类型植物的生态适应策略。中生种叶片平展,被稀疏绿色短柔毛;旱生种叶片平展或呈瓦状,被灰色柔毛;强旱生种叶片呈瓦状或卷成筒状,被直立或伏帖绢毛。叶片厚度强旱生种>旱生种>中生种,叶片面积、生物量和比叶面积(SLA)强旱生种<旱生种<中生种。叶片长宽比,强旱生种和旱生种大于中生种。这些形态结构导致保水能力强旱生种>旱生种>中生种,光能利用能力中生种>旱生种>强旱生种。渗透调节物质含量、细胞质离子浓度和细胞渗透势强旱生种>旱生种>中生种。渗透调节物质含量的差异主要表现在强旱生种可溶性糖和无机离子含量远高于旱生种,后者又远高于中生种。叶含水量、自由水含量、叶水势和气孔导度中生种>旱生种>强旱生种,束缚水含量、束缚水/自由水比值、POD和SOD活性正好相反,CAT活性旱生种>中生种>强旱生种。这些生理特性导致抗旱能力强旱生种>旱生种>中生种,但代谢速率正好相反。旱生种和中生种表现出较少的日水分亏缺,强旱生种水分亏缺从清晨到傍晚持续大幅增加。细胞膜相对透性和MDA含量强旱生种>旱生种>中生种。自由基含量表现为旱生种>中生种>强旱生种。这些数据说明虽然旱生种和强旱生种形成了多种特点来适应干旱环境,但仍然是不充分的。结论:(1)分布于半湿润至半干旱区的锦鸡儿属中生种依靠活跃的代谢、大量的水分消耗和快速生长使其在生物环境中取得竞争优势;生活在干旱地区和强干旱地区的旱生种和强旱生种依靠低代谢、节水和高抗旱性来抵抗苛刻的非生物环境。(2) 旱生种和强旱生种主要通过可溶性糖和无机离子的积累,调节细胞质渗透势,保持水分平衡,这是一种相对节省能量的适应对策。 相似文献
13.
Nora Haack Annegret Grimm‐Seyfarth Martin Schlegel Christian Wirth Detlef Bernhard Ingo Brunk Klaus Henle 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(1):626-635
- Species richness is a frequently used measure of biodiversity. The compilation of a complete species list is an often unattainable goal. Estimators of species richness have been developed to overcome this problem. While the use of these estimators is becoming increasingly popular, working with the observed number of species is still common practice.
- To assess whether patterns of beetle communities based on observed numbers may be compared among each other, we compared patterns from observed and estimated numbers of species for beetle communities in the canopy of the Leipzig floodplain forest. These patterns were species richness and the number of shared species among three tree species and two canopy strata.
- We tested the applicability of the asymptotic Chao1 estimator and the estimate provided by the nonasymptotic rarefaction–extrapolation method for all tree species and both upper canopy and lower canopy. In the majority of cases, the ranking patterns of species richness for host tree species and strata were the same for the observed and estimated number of species. The ranking patterns of the number of species shared among host tree species and strata, however, were significantly different between observed and estimated values.
- Our results indicate that the observed number of species under‐represents species richness and the number of shared species. However, ranking comparisons of published patterns based on the number of observed species may be acceptable for species richness but likely not reliable for the number of shared species. Further studies are needed to corroborate this conclusion. We encourage to use estimators and to provide open access to data to allow comparative assessments.
14.
《Systematic and applied microbiology》2020,43(1):126046
The genus Agrobacterium was created a century ago by Conn who included it in the family Rhizobiaceae together with the genus Rhizobium. Initially, the genus Agrobacterium contained the non-pathogenic species Agrobacterium radiobacter and the plant pathogenic species Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. At the end of the past century two new pathogenic species, Agrobacterium rubi and Agrobacterium vitis, were added to the genus. Already in the present century these species plus Agrobacterium larrymoorei were reclassified into genus Rhizobium. This reclassification was controversial and for a time both genus names were used when new species were described. Few years ago, after a taxonomic revision based on genomic data, the old species A. rhizogenes was maintained in the genus Rhizobium, the old species A. vitis was transferred to the genus Allorhizobium and several Rhizobium species were transferred to the genus Agrobacterium, which currently contains 14 species including the old species A. radiobacter, A. tumefaciens, A. rubi and A. larrymoorei. Most of these species are able to produce tumours in different plants, nevertheless the genus Agrobacterium also encompasses non-pathogenic species, one species able to nodulate legumes and one human pathogenic species. Taking into account that the species affiliations to five Agrobacterium genomospecies have not been determined yet, an increase in the number of species within this genus is expected in the near future. 相似文献
15.
Saleh Al-Qura’n 《The Botanical review》2007,73(1):51-65
Eighty-seven species belonging to 59 genera and 33 plant families identified in the study area are presented. The three families
with the most species represented were Labiatae (nine aquatic species), Compositae (seven species), and Salicaceae (seven
species). The genera most represented wereMentha (six species),Polygonum (five species), andSalix (five species). Sixty-three folk-medicinal aquatic species (73.3%) had similar therapeutic uses in neighboring countries,
while the 24 remaining species (26.7%) did not show therapeutic similarity with their use in other countries. Emerged species
(plants rooted in soil under water but which emerge partially above the water’s surface) were the most recorded, while amphibious,
submerged, and floating species were the least recorded. The folk-medicinal importance of the recorded aquatic species were
classified by rank-order priority (ROP). Twenty-one species (24%) had ROP values higher than 50, indicating the highest popularity
level in folk-medicinal potentiality; 26 species (29.9%) had therapeutic effects informed by fewer than three informants and
were therefore excluded from further consideration; 40 species (46.1%) had ROP values of less than 50, and were thus classified
as nonpopular medicinal plants. 相似文献
16.
Larry R. Hoffman 《American journal of botany》1967,54(3):271-281
Mitotic chromosome counts are reported for 12 species of Oedogonium with the following distribution: two species with 13 chromosomes, two species with 16 chromosomes, five species with 17 chromosomes one species with 19 chromosomes, one species with 32 chromosomes, and one species with 38 + 1 chromosomes. Diploid strains of two species are illustrated and discussed. Cytological comparison of species establishes that there is great diversity in Oedogonium with relation to chromosome number, size, and morphology. 相似文献
17.
Camargo JA 《Acta biotheoretica》2008,56(4):275-283
The Shannon information function (H) has been extensively used in ecology as a statistic of species diversity. Yet, the use
of Shannon diversity index has also been criticized, mainly because of its ambiguous ecological interpretation and because
of its relatively great sensitivity to the relative abundances of species in the community. In my opinion, the major shortcoming
of the traditional perspective (on the possible relation of species diversity with information theory) is that species need
for an external receiver (the scientist or ecologist) to exist and transmit information. Because organisms are self-catalized
replicating structures that can transmit genotypic information to offspring, it should be evident that any single species
has two possible states or alternatives: to be or not to be. In other words, species have no need for an external receiver
since they are their own receivers. Therefore, the amount of biological information (at the species scale) in a community
with one only species would be log2 21 = 1 { \log }_{2} 2^{1} = 1 species, and not log2 1 = 0 { \log }_{2} 1 = 0
bits as in the traditional perspective. Moreover, species diversity appears to be a monotonic increasing function of
log2 2\textS { \log }_{2} 2^{{\text{S}}} (or S) when all species are equally probable (S being species richness), and not a function of
log2 \text S { \log }_{2} {\text{ S}} as in the traditional perspective. To avoid the noted shortcoming, we could use 2H (instead of H) for calculating species diversity and species evenness (= 2H/S). However, owing to the relatively great sensitivity of H to the relative abundances of species in the community, the value
of species dominance (= 1 − 2H/S) is unreasonably high when differences between dominant and subordinate species are considerable, thereby lowering the
value of species evenness and diversity. This unsatisfactory behaviour is even more evident for Simpson index and related
algorithms. I propose the use of other statistics for a better analysis of community structure, their relationship being:
species evenness + species dominance = 1; species diversity × species uniformity = 1; and species diversity = species richness × species
evenness. 相似文献
18.
贡嘎山是横断山脉海拔最高的一座大山,是研究山地植物多样性和海拔分布的理想地区。为了探讨贡嘎山地区石松类和蕨类植物多样性组成及海拔分布特点,该研究基于野外考察、标本采集鉴定及文献考证,对贡嘎山地区石松类和蕨类植物进行统计和分析。结果表明:(1)贡嘎山地区有石松类植物3科4属25种,蕨类植物有23科56属291种。(2)主要的珍稀濒危植物有6种,分别是高寒水韭(Iso tes hypsophila)、松叶蕨(Psilotum nudum)、桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)、小叶中国蕨(Aleuritopteris albofusca)、玉龙蕨(Polystichum glaciale)和扇蕨(Lepisorus palmatopedatus)。(3)优势科为鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)75种、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)56种、凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)54种和蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)37种;优势属为耳蕨属(Polystichum)45种、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris)24种、蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium)24种和瓦韦属(Lepisorus)19种。(4)区系以温带成分为主,有286种(93.77%)。随着海拔的上升,石松类和蕨类的物种多样性逐渐增加,2000~3000 m海拔段的物种多样性最高,为20科46属192种,3000 m以上物种多样性逐渐下降,4500 m以上仅分布有4种蕨类植物。此外,该研究还发现,随着海拔的升高,中国-喜马拉雅成分逐渐增加。 相似文献
19.
《农业工程》2019,39(4):306-320
The District Charsadda has a wide diversification with nature beauty and greenery. The area has rich biodiversity and natural resources. The District is geographically organized into two primary parts: Hashtnagar and Do Aaba. Research was carried out during 2017–18, in blooming season to collect different taxa from the area. The study depicted 253 taxa floristically with 189 genera and 71 families in which 4 families were pteridiophytes, 3 were gymnosperms and 64 were angiospermic families included 11 Monocot and 53 Dicot. The number of taxa per family varies from 1 to 56. Poaceae was the leading family in term of number of genera and species with 36 genera (19.04%) and 56 species (22.13%) followed by Asteraceae with 15 genera (7.936%) and 17 species (6.719%). The important groups in terms of species percentage were Dicots with a share of (53 species) followed by Monocots (11 species), Pteridophytes (5 species) and Gymnosperms (4 species). Herbaceous layer consists of 173 species (68.37%) followed by trees 46 species (18.18%), 25 species (9.881%) were shrub, 8 species (3.162%) were climbers and only 1 species (0.395%) was parasitic in the area. Biological spectrum depicted that Therophytes (126 species, 49.80%) and Microphyll (78 species, 30.83%) were the leading life form and leaf size classes. Ethnobotanical study proved that majority of species 164 were used as fodder/forage, 27 species were fruits, 28 species were vegetables, 28 species ornamental, 47 species fuel, 66 species were medicinals, 21 species used as timber, 8 species for thatching, 29 species for insect attractant and only 4 species used as spices (condiments) while some species have no local use in research area like Dryopteris stewartii, Equisetum arvense L., Marsilea L., Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, and Potamogeton nodosus Poir. This is the first ever record of the area, no prior work exists in this regard. This work might help for future intensive and extensive researches. 相似文献
20.
According to our analysis of literature sources on the family Hydraenidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea) of Iran, it is represented by 67 species and three genera: Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 (21 species), Limnebius Leach, 1815 (six species) and Ochthebius Leach, 1815 (40 species). Twenty-two species are supposed to be endemic to Iran. Here, for the first time, we summarize species distribution data in Iranian provinces and present them in a checklist of Iranian Hydraenidae. We also present two additional species lists: one with incorrect records (one species and one subspecies) and the other with unidentified species. 相似文献