Avoiding biohazards in medical,veterinary and research laboratories

Personnel in medical, veterinary or research laboratories may be exposed to a wide variety of pathogens that range from deadly to debilitating. For some of these pathogens, no treatment is available, and in other cases the treatment does not fully control the disease. It is important that personnel in laboratories that process human or microbiological specimens follow universal precautions when handling tissues, cells, or microbiological specimens owing to the increasing numbers of individuals infected with hepatitis C and HIV in the US and the possibility that an individual may be asymptomatic when a specimen is obtained. Similar precautions must be followed in laboratories that use animal tissues owing to the possibility of exposure to agents that are pathogenic in humans. Personnel with conditions associated with immunosuppression should evaluate carefully whether or not specific laboratory environments put them at increased risk of disease. We offer here some general approaches to identifying biohazards and to minimizing the potential risk of exposure. The issues discussed can be used to develop a general safety program as required by regulatory or accrediting agencies, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.     

The larvae of some blowflies of medical and veterinary importance

Diagnostic features are described as a series of couplets that enable separation of the third instar larvae of the following pairs of closely related forms of blowflies of medical and veterinary importance: Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) and Ch.putoria (Wiedemann), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and Ch.rufifacies (Macquart), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and Co.macellaria (Fabricius), Lucilia sericata (Mergen) and L. cuprina (Wiedemann), Calliphora augur (Fabricius) and C. stygia (Fabricius).     

DNA疫苗研究进展

DNA疫苗是20世纪90年代初出现的一种新型疫苗,近年来发展迅速,在预防和治疗病毒性疾病及肿瘤等方面效果显著。同传统的疫苗相比,DNA疫苗具有免疫效果好、生产成本低、临床应用方便等优点,但同样存在安全性的担忧。对DNA疫苗的发展及其作用机制、优势进行了综述,并对DNA疫苗的安全性提出了自己的观点与看法,可供DNA疫苗的研究者参考。     

医学研究中的实验动物

本文概述了实验动物的分类、特点及其在医学生物学中的应用。在医学生物学的发展过程中,实验动物的重要性已愈来愈被人们所认识。合理地选用实验动物对达到预定的实验目的起着至关重要的作用。     

冻干甲型肝炎-腮腺炎联合疫苗猴体安全性及免疫原性研究试验

为了观察冻干甲型肝炎-腮腺炎联合疫苗免疫恒河猴后的安全性及免疫原性,用静脉注射和丘脑注射的方式接种疫苗,观察恒河猴的临床症状、体征、生化、免疫学反应以及脑和肝组织的病理变化。结果未见临床症状和体征的异常改变,ALT正常,抗-HAV、抗流行性腮腺炎病毒的抗体在观察期内持续阳性,脑组织和肝组织无病毒性肝炎和腮腺炎病毒引起的病理性改变。因此该冻干甲型肝炎堋;腺炎联合疫苗抗原问无干扰,具有良好的安全性及免疫原性。     

毛丝鼠在医学研究中的应用

毛丝鼠已成功用于听觉系统、微生物及寄生虫感染动物模型研究,由于其独特的生物学特点,可进一步开发以用于老年性疾病、代谢性疾病等方面研究。本文将介绍毛丝鼠的相关生物学特性,并就其在医学研究中的应用进展作简要综述。     

Reporting research in medical journals and newspapers.

Newspapers are important sources of information about medical advances for many lay people and can influence those working in the health service. Medical journalists on newspapers routinely use general medical journals to obtain information on research. The Lancet and BMJ are both examined carefully by broadsheet journalists in Britain each week. These papers published an average of 1.25 stories from these journals every Friday. The stories focused on serious diseases, topical health problems, and new treatments rather than social problems. The newspaper stories were based on the full research article and not the journals'' press releases, although the press releases were valued as early information. Journalists relied heavily on the peer review processes of the journals in ensuring accuracy.     

When counting cattle is not enough: multiple perspectives in agricultural and veterinary research

A traditional approach in agricultural and veterinary research is focussing on the biological perspective where large cattle-databases are used to analyse the dairy herd. This approach has yielded valuable insights. However, recent research indicates that this knowledge-base can be further increased by examining agricultural and veterinary challenges from other perspectives. In this paper we suggest three perspectives that may supplement the biological perspective in agricultural and veterinary research; the economic-, the managerial-, and the social perspective. We review recent studies applying or combining these perspectives and discuss how multiple perspectives may improve our understanding and ability to handle cattle-health challenges.     

医学科研论文布局策略及写作技巧

本文论述了一篇优秀医学科研论文必须具备的一些特征,如:科学性、创新性与实用性等.同时,本文对目前国内外大多数医学期刊对递交稿件的逻辑结构及写法的基本要求进行了总结分析,并就一篇完整的医学科研论文的各个部分在撰写过程中应该遵循的规则及应该注意的事项进行了较为详细的说明.最后,作者阐述了医学科研论文写作过程文学修辞的恰当点缀,希望这些对医学工作者的论文撰写有所帮助.