共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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一个农牧结合生态系统营养循环的源,库,流 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一个农牧结合生态系统营养循环的源、库、流曾江海,张玉铭(中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所050021)Source,PoolandFluxofNutrientCyclinginaCombinedAgro-AnimalHusbandryEcosyste... 相似文献
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应用分室模型,研究了高寒草甸(矮嵩草草甸)生态系统中氮素的分布与循环。结果表明:系统中,土壤库氮素总储量为 1063t/hm 2,主要以有机态存在,土壤氮素全量养分丰富,而有效养分贫乏,仅能满足较低水平生产的供求关系;植物氮素主要储存于植物活根中,根系氮素储量为 19011±4962kg/hm 2·a,活根内氮素占 7926% 。通过对该系统氮素收支平衡计算结果表明,氮素输出为 15935kg/hm 2·a,大于系统的输入 8473kg/hm 2·a,系统中氮素亏缺,成为限制草场生产力提高的限制因子。 相似文献
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本文介绍会同县18年生杉木人工林生态系统中氮素的分布、转化、消长和循环方面的初步研究。结果表明,该系统总氮量为12287.6公斤/公顷,其中约有97%存在土壤库中,植物固定的氮仅占总氮量的2.5%。杉木枝叶中的氮含量因受“稀释效应”的影响,表现为随时间的推移而降低,尤其是在当年生枝叶的萌发初期。该生态系统每年经水文学途径获得7.35公斤N/公顷,径流输出0.98公斤N/公顷,即该系统每年以6.37公斤/公顷的速率净积累氮,表明杉木林生态系统对氮素的保存和利用的能力较高。文章还建立了氮素动态数学模型并进行初步模拟。 相似文献
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杨树人工林下根系的氮素循环与动态特征 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
研究了辽宁沈阳地区人工林杨树细根及林下草本植物根系的N循环、积累和动态变化特征。结果表明,杨树人工林分条件下活细根中N储量为20.3kg·h^-2,净积累量10kg·hm^-2,吸收量14.7kg·hm^-2,年存留量和归还量分别为9.6和5.1kg·hm^-2周转期4年,整个生长季节杨树细根中N含量与土壤中水解N、NH3-N无明显相关,杨树细根中N浓度与活细根生物量的变化趋势大体一致,两者呈显著正相关。根据杨树活细根中N含量可以估测杨树活细根生物量,该林分下的草本植物根系主要吸收NH3-N,草根中N含量浓度变化与土壤中NH3-N的变化趋势相同,两者呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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基于DSSAT模型的吉林省黑土作物-土壤氮循环和土壤有机碳平衡 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用DSSAT模型中的CERES-Maize作物模型和Century土壤模型,分析了作物管理参数、施肥量、土壤初始氮含量和作物桔杆还田对吉林省黑土地区玉米生长、氮循环以及有机碳氮生态平衡的影响.结果表明:在玉米目标产量为12000~15000kg.hm-2条件下,最佳施氮肥量为200~240kgN.hm-2.在该氮肥用量下,玉米地上氮吸收量为250~290kgN.hm-2,其中,120~140kgN.hm-2来自土壤,130~150kgN.hm-2来自肥料;提高氮肥用量(250~420kgN.hm-2)将导致土壤残留氮明显增加(63~183kgN.hm-2);延迟追肥时间同样导致土壤残留氮增加;当玉米秸杆还田量超过6000kg.hm-2时,模拟的土壤活性有机碳、氮可以维持当年的供需平衡.建议在吉林省中部地区黑土玉米带,化肥施氮量控制在200~240kgN.hm-2,适时追肥,秸杆还田量在6000kg.hm-2以上,以确保高产和维持土壤养分生态平衡. 相似文献
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人工桤柏混交林中降雨对养分物质的淋溶影响 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
引 言水体养分物的循环是生态系统生物地球化学循环的一个重要组成部分,因此,从生态角度来研究森林的存在对流域的水分循环和物质迁移的影响将是一个十分有意义的工作。目前,欧美各国关于森林与水质的关系研究比较多[5]。我国较多研究森林对河流泥沙悬浮含量影响,或干枝落叶和微生物对腐殖质转化等作用形成的森林养分循环,而较少研究森林降雨重新分配作用对森林养分循环的影响[1,2],因此,本文选择了亚热带人工桤柏混交林,通过观测降雨过程中林外降雨、林内降雨、树干流及其相应水质的变化,结合林外降雨、林内降雨和树干流的时空变化特性,分… 相似文献
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桤柏混交林的氮素积累与生物循环 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
桤柏混交林的氮素积累与生物循环石培礼杨修(中国科学院自然资源综合考察委员会,北京100101)钟章成(西南师范大学生命科学系,重庆630715)TheAccumulationandBiologicalCyclingofNitrogenintheAld... 相似文献
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R. Quinn Thomas Sönke Zaehle Pamela H. Templer Christine L. Goodale 《Global Change Biology》2013,19(10):2986-2998
Projections of future changes in land carbon (C) storage using biogeochemical models depend on accurately modeling the interactions between the C and nitrogen (N) cycles. Here, we present a framework for analyzing N limitation in global biogeochemical models to explore how C‐N interactions of current models compare to field observations, identify the processes causing model divergence, and identify future observation and experiment needs. We used a set of N‐fertilization simulations from two global biogeochemical models (CLM‐CN and O‐CN) that use different approaches to modeling C‐N interactions. On the global scale, net primary productivity (NPP) in the CLM‐CN model was substantially more responsive to N fertilization than in the O‐CN model. The most striking difference between the two models occurred for humid tropical forests, where the CLM‐CN simulated a 62% increase in NPP at high N addition levels (30 g N m?2 yr?1), while the O‐CN predicted a 2% decrease in NPP due to N fertilization increasing plant respiration more than photosynthesis. Across 35 temperate and boreal forest sites with field N‐fertilization experiments, we show that the CLM‐CN simulated a 46% increase in aboveground NPP in response to N, which exceeded the observed increase of 25%. In contrast, the O‐CN only simulated a 6% increase in aboveground NPP at the N‐fertilization sites. Despite the small response of NPP to N fertilization, the O‐CN model accurately simulated ecosystem retention of N and the fate of added N to vegetation when compared to empirical 15N tracer application studies. In contrast, the CLM‐CN predicted lower total ecosystem N retention and partitioned more losses to volatilization than estimated from observed N budgets of small catchments. These results point to the need for model improvements in both models in order to enhance the accuracy with which global C‐N cycle feedbacks are simulated. 相似文献
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GAO Die CHEN Sai-nan LI Si-liang LIU Xiao-long LI Jun BAI Li YANG Jing WANG Zhong-liang 《生态学杂志》1982,39(8):2737
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Invasion of north temperate forest soils by exotic earthworms has the potential to alter microbial biomass and activity over large areas of North America. We measured the distribution and activity of microbial biomass in forest stands invaded by earthworms and in adjacent stands lacking earthworms in sugar maple-dominated forests in two locations in New York State, USA: one with a history of cultivation and thin organic surface soil horizons (forest floors) and the other with no history of cultivation and a thick (3–5 cm) forest floor. Earthworm invasion greatly reduced pools of microbial biomass in the forest floor and increased pools in the mineral soil. Enrichment of the mineral soil was much more marked at the site with thick forest floors. The increase in microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the mineral soil at this site was larger than the decrease in the forest floor, resulting in a net increase in total soil profile microbial biomass in the invaded plots. There was an increase in respiration in the mineral soil at both sites, which is consistent with a movement of organic matter and microbial biomass into the mineral soil. However, N-cycle processes (mineralization and nitrification) did not increase along with respiration. It is likely that the earthworm-induced input of C into the mineral soil created a microbial sink for N, preventing an increase in net mineralization and nitrification and conserving N in the soil profile. 相似文献
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Aharon Abeliovich 《Biodegradation》1992,3(2-3):255-264
In the sequence of events leading from ammonia to N2 during the process of biotransformation of inorganic nitrogen compounds, the weakest link, with respect to our knowledge and understanding of the organisms involved, is nitrification. In particular, this is true for the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. The enzymes have not been thoroughly studied, and the enzymatic mechanisms have not been identified. Almost any biochemical and physiological aspect studied proved to be controversial, and major ecological questions still remain unanswered. Unless the structure and function of the various components of the process are worked out, progress in developing means for controlling nitrification will depend mainly on laborious trial and error and not on knowledgeable manipulation of this group of bacteria.Abbreviations AMO ammonia monooxygenase - HAO hydroxylamine oxidoreductase - MPN most probable number - TCE trichloroethylene 相似文献
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在实验室条件下,控制土壤的温度与含水量,测定长白山两种森林类型,阔叶红松林和云冷杉林土壤的氮净矿化速率。将含水量适度和饱和的原样土柱置于5℃、15℃、25℃和35℃恒温箱中培养30d。分析培养前后的NH^ 4-N和NO^-3-N含量,确定土壤有机氮的矿化速率。结果表明,对于不同的土壤和不同的含水量,土壤的净的净矿化速率与温度呈正相关;而净硝化速率在低温段与温度正相关,在高温段则呈负相关,而且整个培养期硝态氮的变化不大。建立两种森林类型土壤氮净矿化速率与温度的一次线性和指数回归方程,发现指数回归效果较好,用回归方程模拟两种森林类型土壤的年矿化量分别为111.8kg/(hm^2.a)和57.4kg/(hm^2.a),与实测值1217.36kg(hm^2.a)和47.41kg/(hm^2.a)很接近。 相似文献