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1.
The microtubule-binding protein tau has been investigated for its contribution to various neurodegenerative disorders. However,
the findings from transgenic studies, using the same tau transgene, vary widely among different laboratories. Here, we have investigated the potential mechanisms underlying tauopathies
by comparing Drosophila (d-tau) and human (h-tau) tau in a Drosophila model. Overexpression of a single copy of either tau isoform in the retina results in a similar rough eye phenotype. However, co-expression of Par-1 with d-tau leads to lethality, whereas co-expression of Par-1 with h-tau has little effect on the rough eye phenotype. We have found analogous results by comparing larval proteomes. Through genetic
screening and proteomic analysis, we have identified some important potential modifiers and tau-associated proteins. These
results suggest that the two tau genes differ significantly. This comparison between species-specific isoforms may help to clarify whether the homologous
tau genes are conserved.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (30270341; 30630028), the Multidisciplinary Program (Brain
and Mind) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Major State Basic Research Program (“973 program”; G2000077800; G2006CB806600;
2006CB911003), the Precedent Project of Important Intersectional Disciplines in the Knowledge Innovation Engineering of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX1-09-03). 相似文献
2.
Stefanie Kimbacher Ingrid Gerstl Branko Velimirov Sylvia Hagemann 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(2):165-172
P transposons belong to the eukaryotic DNA transposons, which are transposed by a cut and paste mechanism using a P-element-coded transposase. They have been detected in Drosophila, and reside as single copies and stable homologous sequences in many vertebrate species. We present the P elements Pcin1, Pcin2 and Pcin3 from Ciona intestinalis, a species of the most primitive chordates, and compare them with those from Ciona savignyi. They showed typical DNA transposon structures, namely terminal inverted repeats and target site duplications. The coding
region of Pcin1 consisted of 13 small exons that could be translated into a P-transposon-homologous protein. C. intestinalis and C. savignyi displayed nearly the same phenotype. However, their P elements were highly divergent and the assumed P transposase from C. intestinalis was more closely related to the transposase from Drosophila melanogaster than to the transposase of C. savignyi. The present study showed that P elements with typical features of transposable DNA elements may be found already at the base of the chordate lineage.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
3.
Antibodies are very often used as specific cell and/or tissue markers. An example of this is anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRP),
an antibody raised against a plant glycoprotein, which was shown some twenty-five years ago to specifically stain neural tissue
in an animal, Drosophila melanogaster. This peculiar finding was later expanded to other invertebrate species including Caenorhabditis elegans, which were also shown to bear anti-HRP epitopes. Initial experiments indicated that the epitopes recognised by anti-HRP
in invertebrates are of carbohydrate nature. Indeed, more recent experiments have characterised relevant core α1-3-fucosylated
N-glycan structures that act as epitopes in various model and parasitic organisms. Moreover, a number of enzymes required
for the synthesis of such structures have been identified. Over the years, medically-relevant roles of these structures have
become apparent as regards allergenicity and immunoregulation. Although major advances have been made in understanding of
the underlying mechanisms and structures related to the anti-HRP epitope, the in vivo role of the relevant epitopes in neural and other tissues is yet to be resolved. Current understanding of the anti-HRP epitopes
synthesis and their relevance is discussed and elaborated.
相似文献
Katharina PaschingerEmail: |
4.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rab11</Emphasis> is required for embryonic nervous system development in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In eukaryotes, membrane trafficking is regulated by the small monomeric GTPases of Rab protein family. Rab11, an evolutionary
conserved, ubiquitously expressed subfamily of the Rab GTPases, has been implicated in the regulation of vesicular trafficking
through the recycling of endosomes. To dissect out the role of this protein during embryonic nervous system development, we
have studied the expression pattern of Rab11 in the ventral nerve cord during neuronal differentiation in the Drosophila embryo. When the dominant-negative or constitutively-active mutant DRab11 proteins are expressed in neurons, or when homozygous
mutant Rab11 embryos are analyzed, defects are found in the developing central nervous system, along with disorganization
and misrouting of embryonic axons. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence that Rab11 is involved in the development of the nervous system during Drosophila embryogenesis.
This work was supported by the DST (to J.K.R.) and SRF from ICMR, New Delhi (to T.B.). 相似文献
5.
Every population possesses genetic variations which are achieved through gene mutation, genetic recombination, hybridization, gene duplication etc. These genetic variations provide raw materials for evolutionary forces to create a better surviving species. Genetic polymorphism is reflected at every level in the populations, for example, at phenotypic, chromosomal, protein and DNA levels. Protein or enzyme polymorphisms have been well studied in various organisms including Drosophila and humans. Drosophila has proven to be a good model organism for carrying out polymorphism studies. Among the different species of Drosophila, there is a wide variation in the levels of allozyme polymorphisms and heterozygosities which depends upon species, geographical regions, number and nature of loci in question etc. In Drosophila, the average polymorphic enzyme loci and average heterozygosity ranges from 35 to 70 percent and 10 to 20 percent respectively. The genetic differentiation as observed through allozyme or isozyme variation affords an important parameter in evaluating the phylogenetic relationships between different species of Drosophila and also for discussing the adaptive significance of allozyme polymorphisms. Therefore, this review attempts to compile all studies on allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila that have been undertaken so far. 相似文献
6.
A report of the 48th Annual Drosophila Research Conference, Philadelphia, USA, 7-11 March 2007. 相似文献
7.
8.
The Hox gene Sex combs reduced (Scr) is responsible for the differentiation of the labial and prothoracic segments in Drosophila. Scr is expressed in several specific tissues throughout embryonic development, following a complex path that must be coordinated by an equally complex regulatory region. Although some cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) have been identified in the Scr regulatory region (~75 kb), there has been no detailed and systematic study of the distinct regulatory elements present within this region. In this study, the Scr regulatory region was revisited with the aim of filling this gap. We focused on the identification of Initiator elements (IEs) that bind segmentation factors, Polycomb response elements (PREs) that are recognized by the Polycomb and Trithorax complexes, as well as insulators and tethering elements. To this end, we summarized all currently available information, mainly obtained from high throughput ChIP data projects. In addition, a bioinformatic analysis based on the evolutionary conservation of regulatory sequences using the software MOTEVO was performed to identify IE and PRE candidates in the Scr region. The results obtained by this combined strategy are largely consistent with the CRMs previously identified in the Scr region and help to: (i) delimit them more accurately, (ii) subdivide two of them into different independent elements, (iii) identify a new CRM, (iv) identify the composition of their binding sites and (v) better define some of their characteristics. These positive results indicate that an approach that integrates functional and bioinformatic data might be useful to characterize other regulatory regions. 相似文献
9.
10.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a vital role in signaling of various growth factors in both Drosophila and vertebrates. In Drosophila, mutations in the tout
velu (ttv) gene, a homolog of the mammalian EXT1 tumor suppressor gene, leads to abrogation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis. This impairs distribution and signaling
activities of various morphogens such as Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp). Mutations in members of
the exostosin (EXT) gene family lead to hereditary multiple exostosis in humans leading to bone outgrowths and tumors. In this study, we provide
genetic and biochemical evidence that the human EXT1 (hEXT1) gene is conserved through species and can functionally complement the ttv mutation in Drosophila. The hEXT1 gene was able to rescue a ttv null mutant to adulthood and restore GAG biosynthesis. 相似文献
11.
Rab11, an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed subfamily of small monomeric Rab GTPases, has been implicated in
regulating vesicular trafficking through the recycling of endosomal compartment. In order to gain an insight into the role
of this gene in myogenesis during embryonic development, we have studied the expression pattern of Rab11 in mesoderm during
muscle differentiation in Drosophila embryo. When dominant-negative or constitutively active Drosophila Rab11 proteins are expressed or Rab11 is reduced via double-stranded RNA in muscle precursors, they cause partial failure
of myoblast fusion and show anomalies in the shape of the muscle fibres. Our results suggest that Rab11 plays no role in cell fate specification in muscle precursors but is required late in the process of myoblast fusion.
This work was supported by grants from the DST (to J.K.R.) and SRF from ICMR, New Delhi (to T.B.). 相似文献
12.
13.
I. A. Glukhov A. P. Kotnova Y. E. Stefanov Y. V. Ilyin 《Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics》2016,466(1):1-4
A retrotransposon of the Mag family was found in the Drosophila simulans genome for the first time. We also identified novel transposable elements representing the Mag family in seven Drosophila species. The high similarity between the 3’ and 5’ long terminal repeats in the found copies of transposable elements indicates that their retrotransposition has occurred relatively recently. Thus, the Mag family of retrotransposons is quite common for the genus Drosophila. 相似文献
14.
Serendipitous discovery of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wolbachia</Emphasis> genomes in multiple <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis>species 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
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Salzberg SL Dunning Hotopp JC Delcher AL Pop M Smith DR Eisen MB Nelson WC 《Genome biology》2005,6(3):R23
Background
The Trace Archive is a repository for the raw, unanalyzed data generated by large-scale genome sequencing projects. The existence of this data offers scientists the possibility of discovering additional genomic sequences beyond those originally sequenced. In particular, if the source DNA for a sequencing project came from a species that was colonized by another organism, then the project may yield substantial amounts of genomic DNA, including near-complete genomes, from the symbiotic or parasitic organism. 相似文献15.
Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes. 相似文献
16.
Taillebourg E Moreau-Fauvarque C Delaval K Dura JM 《Development genes and evolution》2005,215(3):158-163
The RYK subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterised by unusual, but highly conserved, amino acid substitutions in the kinase domain. The linotte/derailed gene encodes a Drosophila RYK subfamily member involved in embryonic and adult central nervous system development. Previous studies have shown that the kinase activity of this receptor is not required in vivo for its embryonic function. In this study, we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic domain and the kinase activity of the linotte/derailed receptor tyrosine kinase in adult brain development. Our results indicate that these domains are not essential for adult brain development but they are required for the proper regulation of the activity of this receptor. This sheds light on a regulatory role for the kinase activity of a RYK subfamily member.Edited by C DesplanEmmanuel Taillebourg and Caroline Moreau-Fauvarque contributed equally to this work 相似文献
17.
Background
Recent translocations of autosomal regions to the sex chromosomes represent important systems for identifying the evolutionary forces affecting convergent patterns of sex-chromosome heteromorphism. Additions to the sex chromosomes have been reported in the melanica and robusta species groups, two sister clades of Drosophila. The close relationship between these two species groups and the similarity of their rearranged karyotypes motivates this test of alternative hypotheses; the rearranged sex chromosomes in both groups are derived through a common origin, or the rearrangements are derived through at least two independent origins. Here we examine chromosomal arrangement in representatives of the melanica and the robusta species groups and test these alternative hypotheses using a phylogenetic approach. 相似文献18.
19.
Zilong Wang Xingfu Zha Ningjia He Zhonghuai Xiang Qingyou Xia 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(5):2525-2531
RBP1 is an important splicing factor involved in alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA of Drosophila sex-determining gene dsx. In this work, the Bombyx mori homologue of the rbp1 gene, Bmrbp1, was cloned. The pre-mRNA of Bmrbp1 gene is alternatively spliced to produce four mature mRNAs, named Bmrbp1-PA, Bmrbp1-PB, Bmrbp1-PC and Bmrbp1-PD, with nucleotide lengths of 799 nt, 1,316 nt, 894 nt and 724 nt, coding for 142 aa, 159 aa, 91 aa and 117 aa, respectively.
BmRBP1-PA and BmRBP1-PD contain a N terminal RNA recognization motif (RRM) and a C terminal arginine/serine-rich domain, while
BmRBP1-PB and BmRBP1-PC only share a RRM. Amino acid sequence alignments showed that BmRBP1 is conserved with its homologues
in other insects and with other SR family proteins. The RT-PCR showed that Bmrbp1-PA was strongly expressed in all examined tissues and development stages, but Bmrbp1-PB was weakly expressed in these tissues and stages. The expression of both Bmrbp1-PA and Bmrbp1-PB showed no obvious sex difference. While the Bmrbp1-PC and Bmrbp1-PD were beyond detection by RT-PCR very likely due to their tissue/stage specificity. These results suggested that Bmrbp1 should be a member of SR family splicing factors, whether it is involved in the sex-specific splicing of Bmdsx pre-mRNA needs further research. 相似文献
20.
Mitochondria play essential roles in development and disease. The characterisation of mitochondrial proteins is therefore of particular importance. The slowmo (slmo) gene of Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to encode a novel type of mitochondrial protein, and is essential in the developing central nervous system. The Slmo protein contains a conserved PRELI/MSF1p domain, found in proteins from a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms. However, the function of the proteins of this family is currently unknown. In this study, the evolutionary relationships between members of the PRELI/MSF1p family are described, and we present the first analysis of two novel Drosophila genes predicted to encode proteins of this type. The first of these, preli-like (prel), is expressed ubiquitously during embryonic development, whilst the second, real-time (retm), is expressed dynamically in the developing gut and central nervous system. retm encodes a member of a novel conserved subclass of larger PRELI/MSF1p domain proteins, which also contain the CRAL-TRIO motif thought to mediate the transport of small hydrophobic ligands. Here we provide evidence that, like Slmo, both the Prel and Retm proteins are localised to the mitochondria, indicating that the function of the PRELI/MSF1p domain is specific to this organelle.Edited by P. Simpson 相似文献