家蚕信使核糖核酸的分离及体外活性测定

总RNA的制备主要参考Schutz等(1972)的方法,加以修改。除注明外,实验操作控制在4℃以下。以家蚕幼虫的整体 (除去消化道) 为材料,按1:8(W/V)加入pH8.3缓冲液(0.01M Tris,0.075M NaCl,0.005M EDTA,0.5％SDS),置组织捣碎机中迅速匀浆一分钟。加入4倍组织体积(W/V)90％酚液(9份体积重蒸酚溶     

核糖核酸酶A超家族抗菌活性评价

抗菌肽是机体重要的免疫防御分子,具有广谱杀菌活性。核糖核酸酶A是脊椎动物特异性的分泌型蛋白质,在人基因组中包含8个经典成员(RNase1-8)。它们作为一类重要的抗菌肽,广泛分布于机体需要抵抗外界病原微生物的组织中,除了特有的生物学功能外,均具有一定的抗菌活性。然而,目前各实验室对它们抗菌活性的报道并不一致,有必要开展横向比较分析。为此,我们表达纯化了人核糖核酸酶A超家族8个成员的重组蛋白质,并在同一实验条件下以半致死浓度评估了它们对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)和革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)的抗菌活性。结果显示,RNase1-8重组蛋白质对大肠杆菌半数致死浓度分别为：0.081,0.046,0.008,0.250,2.028,0.072,0.001μmol·L^-1和1.1416μmol·L^-1;对金黄色葡萄球菌半数致死浓度分别为：3.427,1.856,2.211,5.188,8.274,4.356,2.502μmol·L^-1和9.916μmol·L^-1。该结果提示,RNase1-8对大肠杆菌的抗菌活...     

抗绿脓杆菌核糖核酸的免疫活性研究

在应用抗菌素比较容易地解决了各种细菌感染的治疗之后,临床上出现了“条件致病菌”的感染问题。在革兰氏阴性杆菌中,绿脓杆菌是分布广、自然抗药性发生率高的一类条件致病细菌。它所引起的感染性疾病,近来有逐年增加的趋势,已经成为死亡率较高的难治病之一。绿脓杆菌感染常在机体防御功能低下时发生。虽然临床上不断使用新的抗菌素,但如果机体条件不改善,疗效就受到一定限制。因此国内外都在研究应用各种免疫制剂治疗和予防绿脓杆菌的感染,以便给临床控制和治疗绿脓杆菌感染寻找新途径。鉴于免疫核糖核酸有特异促进噬菌细     

眼镜王蛇毒柱层析分离及其组份的活性测定和L—氨基酸氧化酶的分离纯化

用ＣＭ—ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ—２５分离广西产眼镜王蛇毒,得到了１３个蛋白峰,测定了６种酶在这些峰的分布,其中７个峰有酸活性。并对含量高的Ｌ—氨基酸氧化酶进一步纯化,得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯一的Ｌ—氨基酸氧化酶     

北极苔原土壤中可培养细菌的分离及其抗菌活性测定

【目的】北极地区具有高纬度、低温、高辐射等独特的环境条件。北冰洋及周围大面积的陆地区域鲜有人类踪迹,其中微生物数量不可低估。本研究旨在了解北极土壤中的可培养微生物的多样性及其抗菌活性。【方法】对来源于北极黄河站附近的7份不同植物根下苔原土壤进行直接涂布和富集培养后涂布。【结果】共获得细菌菌株721株,对其中608株进行细菌16S rRNA基因序列测定,归属于86个属,229个种,主要分布于变形菌门(Proteobacteria,54.3%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,21.2%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,12.8%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,10.0%)和奇异球菌门(Deinococcus-Thermus,1.6%)。其中从16S rRNA基因序列同源性推测有22株细菌菌株为潜在新种/属。从分离菌株中筛选出16株可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)或鲍氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacterbaumannii)生长的拮抗菌。【结论】获得了北极土壤地区特有的微生物菌株资源,为进一步筛选拮抗菌的活性物质提供了菌株基础。     

抗呼吸道合胞病毒免疫核糖核酸免疫活性的研究

本文在小鼠模型系统中,应用ELISA和~(125)IUdR释放试验分别研究抗呼吸道合胞病毒免疫核糖核酸(RSV—i—RNA)诱生血清特异性抗体活性和以细胞毒活性为指标检测其增强细胞免疫的作用。实验结果表明:RSV-i-RNA能诱生血清特异性抗体和提高鼠脾细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用,且明显高于正常核糖核酸对照组。 RSV-i-RNA的上述作用可被RNase所阻断,但不受DNase和Pronase的影响。     

西藏湖泊放线菌的分离鉴定及抗菌活性测定

勘探西藏湖泊沉积物样品中放线菌资源并进行抗菌活性研究,以期发现可以产生新颖活性物质的药用放线菌资源。采用4种分离培养基,以稀释涂布法对西藏地区7个湖泊沉积物样品中的放线菌进行分离,通过分离菌株16S rRNA基因序列分析确定种属分类。采用纸片扩散法进行体外抗菌活性测定,以感染病原菌的秀丽隐杆线虫模型进行体内抗菌活性测定。结果显示,分离获得73株放线菌,分属于4个目5个科8个属,其中链霉菌属和小单孢菌属为优势菌属。至少对一种检定菌表现为阳性的菌株有55株,阳性率为75.3%。8株放线菌具有线虫体内抗菌活性,其中菌株PF188的体内外抗菌活性较好,其16S rRNA基因序列与最近有效菌株Nonomuraea guangzhouensis NEAU-ZJ3~T的相似度为98.13%,为Nonomuraea属潜在新种。西藏湖泊沉积物含有丰富的放线菌资源,是新抗生素发现的潜在药源。     

抗腺病毒免疫核糖核酸活性的实验研究

腺病毒(7型)经培养和纯化后免疫绵羊,从免疫羊肝脾抽提抗腺病毒免疫核糖核酸(AdV—i—RNA)。应用ELISA和细胞毒试验研究AdV—i—RNA的免疫活性,实验结果证明:AdV—i—RNA可以在小鼠体内诱生抗腺病毒抗体及增强小鼠脾细胞的细胞毒活性。     

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Augment the Anti-Bacterial Activity of Neutrophil Granulocytes

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity, for example by responding to pathogen-derived signals and by regulating the function of innate immune cells. MSCs from the bone-marrow and peripheral tissues share common basic cell-biological functions. However, it is unknown whether these MSCs exhibit different responses to microbial challenge and whether this response subsequently modulates the regulation of inflammatory cells by MSCs.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We isolated MSCs from human bone-marrow (bmMSCs) and human salivary gland (pgMSCs). Expression levels of TLR4 and LPS-responsive molecules were determined by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Cytokine release was determined by ELISA. The effect of supernatants from unstimulated and LPS-stimulated MSCs on recruitment, cytokine secretion, bacterial clearance and oxidative burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) was tested in vitro. Despite minor quantitative differences, bmMSCs and pgMSCs showed a similar cell biological response to bacterial endotoxin. Both types of MSCs augmented anti-microbial functions of PMNs LPS stimulation, particularly of bmMSCs, further augmented MSC-mediated activation of PMN.

Conclusions/Significance

This study suggests that MSCs may contribute to the resolution of infection and inflammation by promoting the anti-microbial activity of PMNs. This property is exerted by MSCs derived from both the bone-marrow and peripheral glandular tissue.     

Synthesis of Quinoxlines Containing 1,2,3-Triazoles and Their Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Cancer Activity

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - A series of 1-((1aryl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones have been synthesized in moderate to high yields and evaluated for their...     

鲮鱼垂体Poly(A)~+RNA的分离和纯化及其生物活性鉴定

本文利用快速保温法分离纯化了鲮鱼垂体Poly(A)~+RNA,并首次在北农大“白粒146号”小麦麦胚体系中进行了体外翻译活性测定,对鲮鱼Poly(A)~+RNA其最适镁离子浓度为1.7mmol/L,最适Poly(A)~+RNA浓度为0.12μg/50mL,但钾离子浓度及预保温对蛋白质的合成影响不大。实验结果表明鲮鱼垂体Poly(A)~+RNA的体外蛋白翻译活性达对照组的22倍。由于改进了方法,简化了操作程序,因此使鲮鱼垂体Poly(A)~+RNA的翻译活性大大提高了。     

海洋微生物几丁质酶分离纯化及其抗真菌活性

以实验室筛选的海洋产几丁质酶短芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus brevis sp．）菌株Bspl,经往复式摇床振荡培养96h后,发酵液先后采取了75％的硫酸铵盐析、透析、几丁质亲和层析、SDS—PAGE等方法对几丁质粗酶液进行分离纯化和鉴定。几丁质亲和层析一步纯化后,经过SDS—PAGE电泳测定该酶的分子量为23ku,其比活力为86．65．纯化倍数为1．707、产率为32．1％。纯化的几丁质酶能抑制病原真菌的生长,对病原真菌的拮抗作用具有广谱性。同时研究了几丁质酶的稳定性,以胶态几丁质为底物,分离的几丁质酶在pH7．5,55．0℃左右具有最大酶活性;Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋和Hg^2＋能强烈抑制几丁质酶活性;Ni^＋和EDTA抑制20％-40％;然而5mmol／LCo^2＋可以使几丁质酶活性提高1．4倍;Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋等也能使酶活性增加。     

The RNA World and Its Evolution

This paper develops Belozersky’s early idea of the precedence of RNA in the origin of life on the Earth. Based on the current knowledge of the functional omnipotence of RNA, three new mechanisms are considered that could be critical for the origin and evolution of the ancient RNA world: (1) the reaction of spontaneous transesterification of polyribonucleotides in aqueous media, which has been recently discovered by A.B. Chetverin and colleagues and could result in elongation of short initial oligoribonucleotides and generate sequence variants for further selection; (2) compartmentation of functional RNA ensembles in the form of mixed molecular colonies on moist mineral surfaces, in the absence of membranes and other envelopes; and (3) systematic exponential enrichment of an RNA population with “ functionally the best” molecules due to alternating dissolution of the colonies upon flooding and formation of new colonies upon drying in ancient pools (“primordial natural SELEX”).__________Translated from Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2005, pp. 550–556.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Spirin.     

Polyacrylamide Gel Separation and Molecular Weight Determination of the Components of Cucumber Mosaic Virus RNA

The six principal components of cucumber mosaic virus RNA were eluted from polyacrylamide gels. After reaction with formaldehyde, their molecular weights were determined by means of sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation. The molecular weights found were 0.91 million Daltons (mixture of components C₂ and C₁); 0.68 million Daltons (component B); 0.33 million Daltons (component A); 0.11 million Daltons (component 0); and 0.01 million Daltons (component 00). Individual molecular weights of components C₂ and C₁ (determined by polyacrylamide electrophoresis) were 1.01 million and 0.89 million Daltons respectively.     

TRIM Protein-Mediated Regulation of Inflammatory and Innate Immune Signaling and Its Association with Antiretroviral Activity

Members of the tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases are emerging as critical regulators of innate immunity. To identify new regulators, we carried out a screen of 43 human TRIM proteins for the ability to activate NF-κB, AP-1, and interferon, hallmarks of many innate immune signaling pathways. We identified 16 TRIM proteins that induced NF-κB and/or AP-1. We found that one of these, TRIM62, functions in the TRIF branch of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Knockdown of TRIM62 in primary macrophages led to a defect in TRIF-mediated late NF-κB, AP-1, and interferon production after lipopolysaccharide challenge. We also discovered a role for TRIM15 in the RIG-I-mediated interferon pathway upstream of MAVS. Knockdown of TRIM15 limited virus/RIG-I ligand-induced interferon production and enhanced vesicular stomatitis virus replication. In addition, most TRIM proteins previously identified to inhibit murine leukemia virus (MLV) demonstrated an ability to induce NF-κB/AP-1. Interfering with the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling induced by the antiretroviral TRIM1 and TRIM62 proteins rescued MLV release. In contrast, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression was increased by TRIM proteins that induce NF-κB. HIV-1 resistance to inflammatory TRIM proteins mapped to the NF-κB sites in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) U3 and could be transferred to MLV. Thus, our work identifies new TRIM proteins involved in innate immune signaling and reinforces the striking ability of HIV-1 to exploit innate immune signaling for the purpose of viral replication.     

龙须菜多糖提取工艺优化及其体外免疫活性研究

本文对龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）50℃下水提的粗多糖进行冻融,将其分成胶体和非胶体部分,比较了他们的溶出率、多糖含量、蛋白含量和体外免疫活性,并在此基础上应用正交实验对非胶体粗多糖的提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明,胶体部分的溶出率和多糖含量均显著高于非胶体部分,但是非胶体部分的免疫活性极显著高于胶体部分（P〈0．01）;尽管提取次数对溶出率有着较大的影响,但提取次数、料水比和提取时间对非胶体粗多糖的多糖含量、蛋白含量、免疫活性均无显著影响,综合正交实验结果和实际生产中的能耗因素,确定50℃条件下的最佳提取工艺为：料水比1：40（质量比）,提取2次,每次浸提3h。     

The Gallocyanin-Chrome Alum Stain; Influence of Methods of Preparation on Its Activity and Separation of Active Staining Compound

A dye, which is probably a cationic chelate, has been separated from a gallocyanin-chrome alum staining solution and prepared in the dry form. This dye is apparently the major staining compound. To prepare the chelate or dye, dissolve 150 mg of gallocyanin and 15 gm of chrome alum in 100 ml of distilled water and boil for 10-20 min, cool, filter, wash the precipitate with sufficient distilled water to restore the volume of the filtrate to 100 ml, then add concentrated NH₄OH until the pH is raised to 8-8.5. Filter, with suction, through a medium porosity fritted glass funnel. Wash with 100-200 ml of anhydrous ethyl ether and air dry the precipitate. This ratio of chrome alum to gallocyanin and the 10-20 min boiling time are optimal for preparation of the staining solution, which may be used either for staining or for separation of the chelate in its dry form. From the dried chelate, the staining solution is prepared as a 3% solution in1 N H₂SO₄ and a staining time of 16-24 hr is required. No differentiation is needed; the stain is self-limiting.