不同培养条件对黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

以黄连木花粉为试材,采用离体培养法研究了培养基组分和植物生长调节物质对黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明:花粉萌发和花粉管生长的适宜蔗糖浓度为15%,适宜培养温度为25℃;该培养条件下,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度分别达最大值63.3%和412.1 μm.硼酸、赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)在一定浓度范围内,可以促进黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长,浓度过高时起抑制作用;最适宜黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的硼酸浓度、赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)浓度分别为100、50和15 mg/L.     

桔梗花粉萌发与花粉管生长研究

以2年生桔梗植株为材料,采用液体培养法研究了培养基种类、PEG、蔗糖、pH以及培养温度、培养时间对桔梗花粉离体萌发生长的影响,结果表明:(1)浓度为100~150 g.L-1的PEG可显著促进桔梗花粉萌发和花粉管的生长;200~250 g.L-1PEG显著促进花粉萌发,但对花粉管生长的作用不显著。(2)100 g.L-1的蔗糖有利于花粉萌发和花粉管生长,高浓度蔗糖(200 g.L-1)有明显抑制作用;(3)桔梗花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的适宜培养基为ME3+BK+10%蔗糖+150 g.L-1PEG(pH5.8);(4)25~40℃条件下桔梗花粉均可较好萌发,以30℃培养1.5 h为最佳培养条件。     

楸树等4种梓属树种花粉离体培养条件的研究

为筛选出楸树(Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey. )等4个树种花粉离体培养的适宜条件,以花粉萌发率和花粉管长度为指标,研究了培养时间、培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对2个楸树花粉样品(CB-1和CB-2)及滇楸[C. fargesii Bur. f. duclouxii (Dode) Gilmour]、黄金树[C. speciosa (Warder ex Barney)Engelmann]和梓树(C. ovata G. Don)花粉离体萌发的影响.实验结果显示,不同培养时间对楸树的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有极显著影响,培养至6 h时花粉萌发率最高(91.0%),培养至6～7 h时花粉管长度达到最长,最适培养时间为6 h.培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对4个树种花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有明显影响.在19 ℃～36 ℃范围内,较低或较高的培养温度均对花粉萌发有一定的抑制作用,适宜各树种花粉离体萌发的培养温度为24 ℃～28 ℃;供试的4个树种花粉适宜在弱酸性环境下萌发和生长,适宜的液体培养基pH值为5.0～5.6;在蔗糖浓度为15～25 g·L-1的液体培养基中,花粉萌发率及花粉管长度均达到最大值;液体培养基中添加不同浓度PEG-4000,在较短的培养时间(3 h)内明显抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长,但培养时间延长至6 h,添加5～25 g·L-1 PEG-4000对花粉萌发有一定促进作用,适宜的PEG-4000浓度为20 g·L-1.结果表明,不同树种甚至同一树种不同种源适宜的花粉离体培养条件有一定的差异,应根据种类或种源进行适当的调整.     

硼和尿素及生长调节剂对苹果花粉萌发与生长的影响(简报)

花粉萌发培养基上添加0．01％－0.1％硼砂或硼酸及O．1％－0．6％的尿素,均不同程度地促进花粉萌发与花粉管生长。5~50mg·L-1的乙烯利及萘乙酸对花粉的萌发与花粉管生长则有抑制作用,抑制程度随两者浓度增加而增强。在1~5mg·L－1的BA下,花粉萌发率稍有下降,但花粉管生长受促;25mg·L－1BA可显著抑制花粉的萌发与生长。稀释500~2000倍的普洛马林（promalin）可促进红富士花粉的花粉管生长。     

GA3对含笑花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

以含笑(Michelia figo)花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,研究GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,GA3可以促进含笑花粉提早萌发,20～200 mg/L GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长起促进作用,浓度超过200 mg/L花粉萌发和花粉管生长均受到抑制。以GA3200 mg/L的促进作用最好。     

景宁木兰花粉萌发与贮藏特性研究

以景宁木兰的花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,用单因子与正交试验研究不同浓度蔗糖、H3BO3、CaCl2所组成的基本培养基对景宁木兰花粉萌发的影响,同时探讨不同贮藏条件和贮藏时间对花粉活力的影响。结果表明:景宁木兰在30 g·L-1蔗糖+200 mg·L-1H3BO3+200 mg·L-1CaCl2的液体培养基上萌发率最高(74.56%)。低温条件下有利于景宁木兰花粉生活力的保持,在-80℃条件下,花粉生活力下降较慢,并且随着贮藏时间的增加,经过硅胶干燥的花粉的活力明显高于湿润花粉的活力。     

GA_3对含笑花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

以含笑（Michelia figo）花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,研究GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,GA3可以促进含笑花粉提早萌发,20～200 mg/L GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长起促进作用,浓度超过200 mg/L花粉萌发和花粉管生长均受到抑制。以GA3200 mg/L的促进作用最好。     

凯特杏花粉的离体培养及影响因子分析

采用离体培养法,在不同培养基组分含量、pH值、温度及植物生长调节物质的培养条件下,对凯特杏(Prunus armeniacaL.cv Katy)花粉的离体萌发和花粉管生长状况进行观察研究。结果表明:(1)凯特杏花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长的适宜培养基为20%蔗糖 0.04%硼酸 0.01?Cl2,最适pH为6.0,最适温度为20℃,培养20 h后,花粉的萌发率达68.76%,花粉管长度达1 083.53μm。(2)不同植物生长调节物质对花粉萌发和花粉管生长作用不同,赤霉素浓度为5~8 mg/L、矮壮素浓度为10~150 mg/L、多效唑浓度为5~10 mg/L时对凯特杏花粉萌发和花粉管生长都有促进作用,但国光丁酰肼对凯特杏花粉萌发和花粉管生长均有抑制作用。     

培养基组分及培养条件对蜡梅花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

采用液体培养法研究不同培养基组分和培养条件对蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:(1)PEG-4000是蜡梅花粉离体培养所必需的培养基成分,当培养基中无PEG-4000时,花粉不能正常萌发。(2)培养基内低浓度蔗糖对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长无显著影响,但随着蔗糖浓度的升高,则对花粉萌发和花粉管生长表现出强烈的抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制效应越强。(3)培养基内其它组分分别在一定浓度范围(0～250g/L PEG-4000、0～50mg/L硼酸、0～30mg/L硝酸钙)内对花粉萌发及花粉管生长有促进作用,但超过上述高限值时则起抑制作用。(4)培养基内镁和钾的浓度对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著。研究表明,蜡梅最适花粉液体培养基组分为250g/L PEG-4000+50mg/L H3BO3+30mg/L Ca(NO3)2.4H2O,且在pH 5.5、温度15℃和600lx的光照培养条件下蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长最佳。     

植物生长调节物质对丰水梨花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

采用花粉液体培养法研究了植物生长调节物质对梨花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,结果表明：较低浓度的赤霉素、三十烷醇、吲哚乙酸及2,4-D均能促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,而超过一定浓度时却起抑制作用,最适宜于花粉萌发和花粉管生长的赤霉素浓度为50～300mg／L,三十烷醇为3～100mg／L,吲哚乙酸为5～25mg／L,2,4-D为5～10mg／L。萘乙酸对花粉萌发和花粉管生长有抑制作用,抑制程度随培养基内其浓度的增大而加强。多效唑和脱落酸对花粉萌发有抑制作用,其抑制程度随浓度的上升而增强,但他们对花粉管生长却有促进怍用,其最适宜于花粉管生长的浓度分别为400mg／L和60mg／L,超过此浓度后,促进作用又有所下降,甚至出现抑制作用,如多效唑浓度达到1000mg／L时,能强烈地抑制花粉管生长。     

Structure and development of the stigma, style and ovary of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., post-anthesis, pre- and post-pollination

The stigma of Caesalpinia pulcherrima is crateriform. The crater continues as a slit-like canal through the style and into the ovary. Both crater and canal are lined by several layers of fusiform and thin-walled cells which are continuous in two narrow regions in the ovary. Postanthesis and before pollination, the middle lamella of cells lining the stigmatic crater and stylar transmitting tissue undergoes dissolution. This occurs in a progression down the style with cells separating partially or wholly from neighbours. Dissolution is initiated at intercellular junctions where wall fibrils loosen and variously-sized and -shaped holes appear. Cytoplasmic changes include increased dictyosome activity, increased rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the periphery of cells and accumulation of electron opaque deposits at the plasma membrane. The crater fills with stigmatic fluid and the diameter of the stylar canal increases. Pollen germinates in the secretion-filled crater, and pollen tubes grow down the style between the cells of the transmitting tissue but do not enter the canal. They emerge at the entrance to the ovary cavity and grow over one or two narrow strips of ovarian transmitting tissue cells which are present throughout the length of the ovary close to the ovules. This ensures that tubes grow in close proximity to the micropyles.     

1,4-β-葡聚糖内切酶基因的克隆及其在麝香百合花粉和花粉管中的特异表达

利用RT-PCR和RACE在麝香百合(Lilium longiflorum Thunb.)花粉管中克隆到1,4-β-葡聚糖内切酶(Endo-1,4-β-glucanase,EGase)的全长cDNA序列(LlpCel1).序列分析结果表明:该基因编码一个含有490个氨基酸的球状蛋白,并在N端有一个由21个氨基酸构成的信号肽序列.序列比对结果显示,LlpCel1和植物分泌型1,4-β-葡聚糖内切酶高度同源(约50%),不含有跨膜结构域和纤维素结合域(CBD).Northern杂交结果显示,该基因的转录本仅在花粉粒、萌发中的花粉和花粉管生长过程中表达,表达量基本相同.而在百合植株其他组织中均未见表达.这种葡聚糖内切酶的高度特异表达说明LlpCel1对花粉萌发和花粉管伸长起着重要作用.     

淫羊藿花粉萌发及花粉管生长研究

运用方差分析、多重比较和正交实验方法对淫羊藿花粉的萌发和花粉管生长进行了研究.结果表明:培养基内硼酸、硝酸钙、蔗糖在一定浓度范围内,对花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定浓度时则起抑制作用;镁和钾对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著.在正交实验中蔗糖和H3BO3对淫羊藿花粉萌发有显著影响,而培养基组分间没有明显的交互作用.淫羊藿最适花粉液体培养基为15%蔗糖 40 mg/L H3BO3 40 mg/LCa(NO3)2·4H2O;在pH值为5.0、25℃和600 lx光照时淫羊藿花粉萌发和花粉管生长最好.     

The vitality of the Serbian spruce (Picea omorika) pollen during the long-term cryopreservation

Abstract

This article studies differences in the vitality (germination rate and pollen tube length) of fresh pollen and pollen stored at ?20 °C for 14 years of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika [Pan?i?] Purkyne). Fresh pollen was sampled from 24 trees from a Serbian spruce seed stand area on the site of Bela zemlja (43° 48′ 32″ N, 19° 44′ 25″ E) in the area of Mount Zlatibor (Serbia) in two successive years. Six nutrition media with different sucrose concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% aqueous solution) were used to assess the vitality of the pollen. Variance analysis shows significant differences among years of pollen sampling, years of cryopreservation, trees, and sucrose treatments for pollen germination for both germination rate and pollen tube length. The results indicate that climate conditions preceding the pollen maturation period had an impact on the pollen quality as well as on the pollen vitality during the years of cryopreservation. Inter-individual variability (differences between trees genetic variability) was very pronounced and enabled selection of pollinator trees that retained their initial vitality during the period of cryopreservation. This periodicity in Serbian spruce full flowering might have significant practical application in the breeding of this important species.     

果梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长特性研究

研究了果梅(Prunus mumeSieb.1et Zucc.)花粉在不同培养基组分、花粉不同培养密度和不同温度及培养时间的离体萌发和花粉管生长特性.结果表明:细叶青花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的液体培养基为30mmol/L MES(pH 6.5)缓冲液中含20%蔗糖,0.01%硼酸,20%PEG-4000,0.03?(NO3)2?4H2O,0.02%Mg-SO4?7H2O;萌发率达45.03%,花粉管长度达597.2μm.适宜于果梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的花粉粒密度为20~80粒/μL.培养温度过高或过低都不利于果梅花粉的萌发和生长,25℃时花粉萌发和花粉管生长最好.细叶青"、月世界"、莺宿"3个品种的平均萌发率为48.6%,平均花粉管长度为762.3μm.果梅花粉在不同培养温度下,萌发及生长不同,在25℃条件下花粉管生长速度最快,集中在0~12 h内,3个品种花粉管平均生长速度为58.5μm/h.     

Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Fraxinus pennsylvanica

With regard to adaptation of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) to ecological conditions in Croatia, pollen germination and pollen tube length after 2, 4 and 6 hours were examined in vitro at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C during two years 2001 and 2002. Narrow leaved ash (F. angustifolia Vahl) pollen served as a control in 2002. The year, time and temperature, and the interaction between time and temperature were significant for both germination percentage and pollen tube length. Interactions year × temperature and year × time were significant for pollen tube length only. The highest germination percentage (17.86% in 2001 and 19.40% in 2002) of green ash pollen was at 15°C after 6 hours. The pollen tube length was greatest at 20°C (393.46 μm) in 2001 and 25°C (899.50 μm) in 2002 after 6 hours. Narrow leaved ash pollen had the highest germination percentage (19.22%) at 20°C after 6 hours and was significantly reduced at 25°C. The pollen tube length was greatest at 25°C (518.90 μm) after 6 hours. It can be concluded that green ash pollen has satisfactory germination in ecological conditions in Croatia and that the optimum temperature for pollen germination is higher than 20°C.     

花粉萌发和花粉管生长发育的信号转导

显花植物授粉是一个复杂的发育过程。从花粉落在柱头上开始,经过粘附、识别、水合、萌发,花粉管在花柱内生长,直至到达子房发生双受精作用,整个过程发生在雌、雄两性细胞和组织之间,受到严格的遗传控制和细胞控制。一方面雌雄配子的基因型决定两者是否亲和,另一方面雌雄两性细胞间发生复杂的相互作用,细胞外信号分子是这些过程的主要调控因子。当花粉或花粉管细胞感知外部信号后,必然通过信号转导级联反应,达到控制萌发、调整花粉管生长方向等目的。这一系列动力学的细胞事件,关系到受精的成败。因此研究此过程中的信号及其转换机…     

Susceptibility of pollen to UV-B radiation: an assay of 34 taxa

Much of the ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) research on plants has concentrated on vegetative plant parts, and only a small fraction has dealt with the reproductive system. The present study analyzed pollen grains of 34 taxa germinated and grown under two levels of UV-B radiation (187 and 460 mW/m2) or no UV-B (control group). Visible radiation at 260 mmol/m/s was present in all treatments. Taxa included those with binucleate and trinucleate pollen types. We detected differences among species. A significant reduction in pollen germination occurred in only five species. Pollen tubes of >50% of the species showed significant reduction in length. Trinucleate pollen types were more likely to exhibit tube length reduction than the binucleate types. Proportionately more monocotyledonous species were sensitive to UV-B treatment than dicotyledonous species, and proportionately more wild species were sensitive than cultivated species and pollen collected from plants growing in the field were somewhat more sensitive than pollen collected from plants grown in the greenhouse. Species in which pollination occurred earlier in the season were more likely to be susceptible to UV-B radiation than those for which anthesis took place later in the season, suggesting a possible adaptation to UV-B radiation.