氨基末端磁性载体固定化中性蛋白酶的研究

以氨基末端磁微粒为载体,用戊二醛作交联剂,通过共价交联结合法固定化AS1.398中性蛋白酶.可以制备出活力达45 000 U/g磁性固定化酶.探讨了该载体对中性蛋白酶的最适固定化条件,并对磁性固定化酶的热稳定性,储存稳定性、操作稳定性等进行了研究,确定了此载体对酶的固载能力大于200 mg/g（载体）,及固定化磁性酶最适pH为7.5, 最适温度为60℃等催化特性.     

接枝淀粉载体固定化糖化酶的研究

合成了淀粉接枝丙烯腈及烯酰胺的两亲性高分子化合物,并以此为载体,用物理吸附方法固定化了糖化酶,最适偶联条件研究表明：缓冲液的浓度,ＰＨ值及吸附时间和加酶量都对固定化酶活力,比活有一定的影响,有最适固定化条件下,固定化酶的活力为１５００Ｕ／ｇ干胶,蛋白载量为２５ｍｇ／ｇ干胶,比活为６０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,比天然酶的比活提高６倍,最适反应温度比天然酶提高１０℃。无底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２４ｈ     

魔芋葡甘露聚糖新载体制备和对葡萄糖淀粉酶的固定化

把魔芋葡甘露聚糖(KGM)制备成强度高稳定性好的不溶性载体,通过钛活化固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶,检验固定化效果。偶联酶蛋白量通常是30～40mg/g载体,固定化酶的活性保持在50％以上,并且结合过酶的载体可以反复再生固定化酶。将自由酶和固定化酶进行比较,最适pH从4.0变到4.0～4.4,最适温度从50变成50～55℃,K_m从0.16％变为0.28％淀粉液。在45℃连续柱式运转反应,DE值平均98.62％,半衰期151天。结果表明本报道的主要优点是成本低廉、效果显著、操作简单和安全无毒。     

用磁性微球载体固定化酶的研究

含铁磁体的高分子微球,其表面可化学偶联酶,抗体、抗原等生物活性物质,从而增加生物质的稳定性和存活期,同时可用外部磁场快速简便地分离反应物,因此磁性微球载体已逐渐应用于细胞、蛋白质的分离、亲和层析和放射免疫等生化技术领域。许多酶反应是临床     

具有磁响应性的聚乙二醇载体固定化糖化酶的研究

以两亲性的聚乙二醇胶体粒子,通过吸附－交联法固定化糖化酶。研究了戊二醛浓度,缓冲液ｐＨ值及加酶量对酶固定化的影响,固定化酶活力可达１７０９５Ｕｐｅｒｇｒａｍ干胶,活力回收为６３％。磁性固定化酶最适温度比天然酶提高５℃,最适ｐＨ比天然酶提高０５个ｐＨ单位。并且对酸、碱、热的稳定性大大增强,贮存及操作稳定性也大大提高。该磁性载体合成简单,固定化方法简便,具有磁性,易于分离,因而为工业上的应用提供了一种新的可能。     

接枝淀粉载体固定化糖化酶的研究

合成了淀粉接枝丙烯腈及丙烯酰胺的两亲性高分子化合物,并以此为载体,用物理吸附方法固定化了糖化酶。最适偶联条件研究表明：缓冲液的浓度,ｐＨ值及吸附时间和加酶量都对固定化酶活力,比活有一定的影响。在最适固定化条件下,固定化酶的活力为１５００Ｕ／ｇ干胶,蛋白载量为２５ｍｇ／ｇ干胶,比活为６０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,比天然酶的比活（８．０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白）提高６倍。最适反应温度比天然酶提高１０℃（天然酶最适反应温度为５０℃）．无底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２４ｈ,而天然酶只有１ｈ;有底物存在下,固定化酶在５５℃的半衰期为２２０ｈ,４５℃的操作半衰期由外推法算得为６９天,而且该载体对糖化酶有一定的保护作用,当固定化酶在低于５５℃热处理一段时间后,对酶活力有激活作用,酶活力最大可提高４０％。该载体合成简单,固定化方法简单,步骤少,因而为工业上应用提供了一种新的可能性。     

α淀粉酶与糖化酶的共固定化研究

经纤维素为载体用重氮化法同时固定了糖化酶和α淀粉酶,确定了共固定化的最适条件,研究了共固定化酶的性质,发现共固定化酶较固定化单酶能更好地发挥协同效应,能在较低温度下将淀粉一步水解为葡萄糖,共固定化酶在３０℃下的操作半寿期可达９２０小时。     

TiO2膜吸附固定糖化酶特性的研究

分别以醋酸纤维素TiO2膜(AC.TiO2膜)、羧甲基纤维TiO2膜(CMC.TiO2膜)和聚丙烯TiO2膜(PP.TiO2膜)为载体吸附固定糖化酶,并与醋酸纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和聚丙烯固定糖化酶的性能进行了比较,得出以AC.TiO2膜和PP.TiO2膜对糖化酶的吸附性能及稳定性能均较好,PP.TiO2膜固定的糖化酶使用8次后其剩余酶活仍能保持在72%.     

Comparison of action patterns of gelatin-entrapped and surface-bound glucoamylase on an α-amylase degraded starch substrate: a critical examination of reversion products

The action pattern of gelatin-entrapped and surface-bound glucoamylase (exo-1,4-α-d-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.3) on an α-amylase (1,4-α-d-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1) partially hydrolysed starch is reported. Differences have been observed between the action patterns of the two forms of gelatin-immobilized glucoamylase. Both the forward and reverse reactions have been critically examined in depth by sophisticated analysis techniques. The entrapped enzyme favoured the synthesis of (1→6) linked oligosaccharides, mainly isomaltose (9.8%). These reversion products were found in very low concentrations (0.75–1.5%) with gelatin-TiCl₄(liquid) chelate/metal link-coupled enzyme, and no (1→6) linked reversion products were found on gelatin-glutaraldehyde coupled glucoamylase. The level of (1→6) linked reversion products appeared to influence the formal DE value of the d-glucose syrup, being 94.2 and 98.1 for the gelatin-entrapped enzyme and the gelatin-glutaraldehyde surface bound enzyme, respectively. These action patterns and the production of reversion products are discussed in the light of the application of immobilization techniques to the production of high DE d-glucose syrups and the likely failure of systems to achieve 100% conversion.     

环氧基高分子磁性复合微球固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

研究以甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)为单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,在Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子存在的条件下,合成了交联度为25%的磁性高分子复合微球(GMAE-DMA).并以这种微球为载体,进行了对木瓜蛋白酶的固定化研究.探讨了最佳的固定化条件如下:温度为25℃,反应时间20h,pH值为8.5,给酶量为160mg/g.同时以酪蛋白为底物,研究了固定化酶的酶学性质,结果表明:固定化酶对不同pH值环境的耐受力、热稳定性和操作稳定性都有较大幅度的提高.实验证明这种高分子磁性复合微球是一种优良的固定化酶载体.     

Compositions and compositional-behavioural relationships of enzymes immobilized on porous inorganic supports via titanium(IV) species

The compositions and compositional-behavioural relationships of glucoamylase (exo-1,4-α-d-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.3) immobilized on titanium(IV)-activated porous inorganic supports have been investigated for several transition metal activation techniques based on the metal-link/chelation method developed by our group. The highest activity (239 Ug^?1 matrix) of immobilized glucoamylase was obtained with the hydrous titanium(IV) oxide derivative of the support when this and a 15% w/v TiCl₄ solution were dried at 45°C in vacuum for 30 h. However, the immobilized enzyme preparation displayed a very unstable behaviour, as did also the preparation which was obtained by drying the mixture of support and transition metal solution at atmospheric pressure. This was mainly due to an enzyme deactivation by titanium inhibition instead of enzyme loss in substrate solution. When amination and carbonylation steps were included in the immobilization technique much more stable preparations were obtained, mainly when the support was activated by drying at 45°C with a 15% w/v TiCl₄ solution ($\text{t}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 1495}\text{h}$) although with a lower initial activity (35.6 Ug^?1 matrix). The pure TiCl₄ support activation rather than TiCl₄/HCl solution support activation led to less stable immobilized enzyme preparations (washing and amination solvent chloroform, $\text{t}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 365}\text{h}$; washing and amination solvent water, $\text{t}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 276}\text{h}$) than the preparation obtained with the dried titanium(IV)-activated support. This was due to loss of enzyme-titanium(IV) complex in solution, as the interactions between the titanium(IV) and the silanol groups of the porous silica are weak. However, the amination (with 1,6-diaminohexane) and carbonylation (with glutaraldehyde) steps always led to immobilized enzyme preparations with constant specific activities and protein/titanium(IV) ratio. This suggests that the spacing effect introduced by these reactions removes the titanium(IV) inhibition of glucoamylase.     

Enzyme immobilization on grafted polymeric microspheres

Radiation-mediated grafting of polyacrolein onto poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres has been shown to activate the particles for chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) immobilization. Treatment of porous polystyrene/magnetite particles with polyacrolein produced very small enzyme loading enhancement and significantly increased substrate diffusional resistance.     

农药残留检测关键用酶固定化研究进展

为保障消费者食用安全,迫切需要研发农产品和食品中的农药残留快速检测技术.酶抑制法检测是目前农药残留快速检测技术中的主要研究方向之一,而酶的固定化是用基于酶抑制法原理对农药残留检测研究中的重要步骤.通过物理或化学的方法高效地将酶固定于载体上,同时保持酶的催化活性是开发各类基于酶抑制法检测农药残留传感器的关键.本文将从固定...     

Preparation,characterization and laboratory-scale application of an immobilized glucoamylase

Glucoamylase (1,4-α-d-glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3) has been covalently immobilized on a polyacrylamide-type support containing carboxylic groups activated by water-soluble carbodiimide. The activity was 5.5– 6.0 units g^?1solid. The optimum pH for catalytic activity was pH 3.8. The apparent optimum temperature was found at 60°C. With soluble starch as substrate the K_m value was 14 mg ml^?1. The pH for maximum stability was pH 4.0–4.5. In the presence of 8 m urea the immobilized glucoamylase retained most of its catalytic activity but it was more susceptible to guanidinium hydrochloride than the soluble enzyme. The practical applicability of immobilized glucoamylase was tested in batch process and continuous operation.     

壳聚糖固定化半纤维素酶的研究

从青霉菌m8提取出半纤维素酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上.0.5 g壳聚糖与4%的戊二醛结合固定2.5 mg蛋白质,酶活回收率为45.6%. 原酶的最适pH为4.6,固定化酶为pH 3.6.原酶的最适温度为55℃,固定化酶在60～75℃都具有较高活性.固定化酶的耐热性优于原酶. 以半纤维素为底物,固定化酶的表观K_m值略低于原酶,前者为5.0×10^－2 g/L,后者为3.58×10^－2 g/L.