牵牛属生殖细胞和精细胞中细胞器DNA的研究

用ＤＡＰＩ荧光技术观察了大花牵牛（ Ｐｈａｒｂｉｔｉｓ ｌｉｍ ｂａｔａ Ｌｉｎｄｌ．）和圆叶牵牛（Ｐ． ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ（Ｌ．） Ｖｏｉｇｈｔ）生殖细胞的细胞质ＤＮＡ及其在精细胞形成过程中的动态。牵牛属这两个种的生殖细胞均为细长形,具有大量细胞器ＤＮＡ。刚形成的一对精细胞大多数一端钝,另一端呈尾状。较后期的精细胞多呈凸透镜状。生殖细胞分裂形成的一对精细胞多是同型的,也有的表现为异型。精细胞的核多偏于细胞的一端。在细胞质中有大量细胞器ＤＮＡ分布。精细胞中的细胞器ＤＮＡ 荧光点在大小及荧光强度上有所不同,可能代表线粒体和质体这两种不同的细胞器ＤＮＡ。大花牵牛与圆叶牵牛之间,无论是生殖细胞或精细胞在细胞形状和细胞质ＤＮＡ 分布状况上基本相似。一个明显的差异是,后者的细胞质ＤＮＡ 荧光点体积较小和荧光弱。研究表明,精细胞存在具有ＤＮＡ 的细胞器,为牵牛花细胞质具有双亲遗传或父系遗传的潜能提供了细胞学证据。本文还对研究的两个种的精细胞存在同型和异型的现象,以及精细胞在核质比率上的特点与质体双亲遗传的关系进行了讨论     

太子参花药发育及精细胞分离

太子参花药壁发育为基本型,腺质绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,小孢子四分体为四面体型,成熟花粉具两个精细胞,为3胞花粉。在花粉表面具散孔,孔数22—30个,均匀分布于花粉粒表面上。花粉在10％甘露醇或15％蔗糖溶液中可直接爆破,精细胞易被释放并散开,通过显微操作仪可收集到一定数目的精细胞。FDA染色荧光显示释放出来的精细胞活力可维持25—50min。花粉在舍O．03％CaCl2、0．01％H3803、0．01％KH2P04和20％PEG、pH5．8的培养液中2—5min即萌发花粉管．花粉管生长2h可达815μm。一般花粉管伸长500—600μm时,一对精细胞才进入花粉管。DAPI染色后荧光观察．可观察到精细胞和营养细胞核在花粉管中的移动状况。爆破花粉管后可释放出一对精细胞。     

精参颗粒的主要药效学实验研究

目的：研究精参颗粒的补益（改善气虚和血虚作用）、抑茵、抗炎及镇痛作用,同时探讨并确定其量效和时效关系。方法：采用“气虚”、“血虚”、“气血双虚”和“耳廓肿胀”、“足肿胀”、“子宫炎症”小鼠、大鼠模型及体内、外的抗菌试验,观察精参颗粒灌胃给药不同剂量和不同时间对各模型病证的影响。结果：①3．0g/kg、5．0g/kg和7．0g像g精参颗粒灌胃14天可显著提高“气虚”小鼠游泳耐力（P〈0．01）,对萎缩的胸腺、脾脏、肝脏具有促进恢复的作用（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;②中、高剂量精参颗粒对小鼠“血虚”和大鼠“气血双虚”证所致的红细胞（RBc）、血红蛋白（Hb）、白细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT）、体重下降具有显著升高作用（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,其中对大鼠“气血双虚”证的作用随给药时间延长而增强;③对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌,中、高剂量精参颗粒具有明显抑制和抗感染作用（P〈0．01）;④中、高剂量精参颗粒对小鼠和大鼠各炎症有显著的抗炎作用（P〈O．05或P〈0．01）,其中对大鼠子宫炎的作用随给药时间延长而增强;⑤中高剂量精参颗粒能显著提高小鼠热板所致的痛阈（P〈0．01）;明显降低冰醋酸所致的扭体次数（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;表明精参颗粒具有镇痛作用。结论：①精参颗粒具有改善“气虚和血虚”等病证、抑制和抗细菌感染、抗炎及镇痛作用;且其作用呈现较好的量效及时效关系。②按小鼠（5．0g／kg）和大鼠（3．5眺g）有效剂量计算,并结合临床用药的可操作性,拟推荐精参颗粒临床成人日用剂量为一次12g（1包）,一日3次。⑧根据动物实验的时效关系,结合慢性盆腔炎临床反复发作和治疗周期较长的特点,拟推荐临床用药4周为一疗程。     

杉木生活雌雄配子的分离

以杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）传粉后的胚珠为材料,分离获得了生活的雌配子和雄配子。当花粉管进入雌配子体组织后,在颈卵器上方形成膨大的精原细胞或成对的精细胞。解剖出的精细胞呈ＦＤＡ正反应,荧光增白剂染色表明精细胞具有细胞壁。雌配子体在酶液作用下可同时释放出多个卵细胞和精细胞。游离出的卵细胞呈ＦＤＡ正反应,近圆形,内含１～２个大液泡。用ＰＥＧ方法诱导卵细胞与卵细胞,卵细胞与精细胞的融合,只获得了相互粘连的两个原生质体。     

绿色荧光蛋白基因结合鼠Talin基因蛋白标记转基因水稻活体生殖细胞及精细胞的微丝骨架

利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因结合鼠Talin基因表达技术及水稻(Oryza sativa L.)转基因技术,筛选出表达稳定和具等位基因型的第三代转基因水稻。在其活体花粉的4个发育阶段(Ⅰ．小孢子晚期;Ⅱ．二细胞早期;Ⅲ．二细胞晚期;Ⅳ．三细胞阶段),观察了细胞内微丝骨架的分布和结构形态的变化。发现在这4个花粉发育阶段,花粉内的营养核、生殖核、生殖细胞和精细胞都在不同的发育阶段出现位移。而这些位移与微丝骨架的结构变化和运动有密切关系。在胞质中央的微丝网络以及细胞周质的网络不断变化和互动,导致营养核、生殖核或生殖细胞和精细胞的定向位移。在活体生殖细胞和精细胞内,存有一股与细胞纵轴平行排列的微丝骨架。这些微丝骨架对生殖细胞及精细胞可以提供移动的动力,这对生殖细胞或精细胞在花管内以及胚囊内的运动(包括独自游动)提供了依据。     

中国无精症、严重寡精症患者的染色体异常和Y染色体微缺失

染色体异常和Y染色体微缺失被认为是两个白种人群中常见的生精障碍相关遗传因素。为了解中国无精症、严重寡精症患者中的染色体异常和Y染色体微缺失,运用染色体G显带技术,在358个原发无精症（256人）和严重寡精症（102人）不育患者中进行染色体核型分析;同时运用多重PCR技术,在核型正常的患者和100个正常生育男性中,对Y染色体AZF区微缺失进行筛查。在358个患者中,39人（10．9％）发现有染色体异常,Klinefelter（47,XYY）最为常见。无精症患者性染色体异常频率明显高于严重寡精症患者（12．1％VS1％）。在319个核型正常的患者中,46（14．4％）发现有AZF区微缺失,无精症和寡精症患者中Y染色体微缺失频率分别为15％和13．1％,AZFc区的微缺失最为常见,AZFa区的微缺失只见于无精症患者,正常生育男性中未发现AZF区的微缺失。结果显示,在中国无精症、严重寡精症患者中,大约25％的患者有染色体异常或Y染色体AZF区微缺失,提示这两种遗传异常是中国人群生精障碍的重要相关遗传病因,有必要在男性不育的诊断以及利用细胞浆内精子注射技术进行辅助生育时,对患者的这些遗传异常进行筛查。     

从辣椒精中分离辣味特制方法的研究

用硅胶柱层析方法从含辣味物质２．４％的黑色辣椒精中分离得到含辣味物质２２．２％的淡褐色辣椒精,从淡褐色辣椒精中分离得到辣味物质的白色晶体．     

从辣椒精中分离辣味物质方法的研究

用硅胶柱层析方法从含辣味物质2．4％的黑红色辣椒精中分离得到含辣味物质22．2％的淡褐色辣椒精,从淡褐色辣椒精中分离得到辣味物质的白色晶体。     

金丝雀输卵管内贮精腺体的组织学及组织化学的研究

本文对产蛋期金丝雀（Ｓｅｒｉｎｕｓｃａｎａｒｉａ）输卵管内的贮精腺体进行了组织学和组织化学观察。结果表明,贮精腺体分布于子宫－阴道交接处阴道一侧长度为０．２１±０．０７ｃｍ区域（以下简称ＵＶ区域）内的固有膜中。该腺体为管状腺,少数具有分枝,由单层柱状上皮细胞构成。腺细胞顶部无纤毛,细胞核排列整齐,位于细胞的基部。贮精腺体呈ＰＡＳ阳性,糖原及酸性粘多糖的含量极微或未能检出。脂类含量较为丰富。酸性磷酸酶活性很高,不含碱性磷酸酶。在组织学及组织化学特征上,ＵＶ区域与毗邻的子宫及阴道区域存在明显差异,贮精腺体细胞与ＵＶ区域粘膜上皮细胞之间的差异也较为显著。     

小鼠生精周期判定方法的改进

目的探讨一种可以在普通HE染色或苏木精复染标本上对精子发生周期进行简单划分的方法。方法应用PAS染色法与普通HE染色法相对照,对比观察小鼠睾丸各级生精上皮在精子发生不同时期的形态学变化特点。结果参照Clermont及Russel等制定的生精上皮时相的判定标准,把小鼠生精上皮分为XⅡ个期。结论通过对比总结,可以在普通HE染色或苏木精复染标本上对精子发生周期进行简单划分,并进一步辨别各型生精细胞。     

中国野生牡丹研究 二：芍药属牡丹组新分类群

本文发表一个新亚种和一个新等级。新亚种林氏牡丹和紫斑牡丹同属一个种系,花瓣基部均具紫斑,花丝,花盘及柱头均为白色;但林氏牡丹的小叶多为披针形或窄卵形,全缘,而紫斑牡丹的小叶多为卵形或卵圆形,常１－３深裂。     

Some New Taxa and New Records of Charophyta from Guizhou

Guizhou is situated in the southwestern China and is very rich in algae However, our present knowledge of the Charophytes is scanty. Over 400 specimens were collected from 22 counties or cities and from them 41 species, 2 subspecies, 3 varieties were found. In addition to previously known species of this region, Nitella rasilis, N. paludosa, N. pseudopapillata and N. guizhouensis are new species, N. mirabilis var. libera is new variety, and N. penicillata, Chara burmanica, C. vulgaris var. gymnophylla are new records for China. In this paper, only the new taxa are reported.     

中国假尾孢属的研究II．

本文报道中国假尾孢属的24个种,其中有2个新种:杨桐假尾孢(Pseudocercospora adinandrae Guo&Liu),钟萼假尾孢(Pseudocercospora bretschneiderae Liu&Guo),10个新组合,1个新名称:木豆假尾孢(Pseudoeercospora cajani-flavi Guo&Liu)和11个中国新记录。文中对2个新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述及图。所研究的标本全部保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

Singchia and Gunnaria, two new genera of Orchidaceae

Singchia Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, a new orchid genus, is established based on the new species S. malipoensis Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen found in southeast Yunnan, China. The new genus is related to Pteroceras, from which it differs by having a lip with its basal margins immovably adnate to the lower part of the pendent column foot, a thin-walled spur, and very unequally and deeply split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle. In addition to a discussion on Ascocentrum pusillum, a species of questionable placement, another new genus, namely Gunnaria S. C. Chen ex Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is set up and a new combination, namely G. pusilla （Aver.） Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is made. The new genus Gunnaria differs from its allyAscocentrum by having a cross-shaped pollinarium, sulcate or split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle attached to a common linear stipe much longer than either pollinia or viscidium, and strongly incurved side lobes of the lip.     

The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: Chromodoris epicuria, C. aureopurpurea, C. annulata, C. coi and Risbecia tryoni colour groups

Twenty-five species of chromodorid nudibranchs from the Indo-West Pacific are described including nine which are new to science. There are six new species of Chromodoris , two of Nounea and a new species which forms the type of a new monotypic genus. Of the other species discussed in this paper, ten are species of Chromodoris , five Risbecia and one Digidentis. Species with the following colour patterns are discussed: white with orange or yellow spots; white with yellow (or orange) and purple spots; white with purple spots or patches and mantle border; white with a sinuous submarginal brown band. A full review of the relevant literature is included as is a discussion on Indian Ocean and West Pacific species pairs.     

假丝酵母一新种——北京假丝酵母

本文研究了一株从水果表皮分离到的假丝酵母,它与至今已发表的所有已知假丝酵母均不相同,定名为北京假丝酵母(Candida beijingensis)。     

The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: Chromodoris aureomarginata, C. verrieri and C. fide lis colour groups

Nineteen species of chromodorid nudibranchs are described including three new species of Chromodoris , two of Glossodoris and one each of Noumea, Cadlina and Thorunna from the Indo-West Pacific. The colour of all species is white with either a single yellow or gold band at the edge of the mantle or a double band of red and yellow, or orange and red or purple. All previously described species with similar colour patterns, from both the Indo-West Pacific and other regions are discussed.     

A New Family of Entodiniomorph Protozoa from the Marsupial Forestomach, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Five New Species

ABSTRACT. A unique group of entodiniomorph protozoa was found in forestomach contents from quokka ( Setonix brachyurus ), western grey kangaroo ( Macropus fuliginosus ), red kangaroo ( Macropus rufus ) and euro ( Macropus robustus erubescens ). A new genus, Macropodinium n.g., containing five new species, is described. Three species are described from forestomach contents of the quokka: Macropodinium baldense n. sp., Macropodinium moiri n. sp. and Macropodinium setonixum n. sp. A single species, Macropodinium ennuensis n. sp., is described from the red kangaroo and euro. The last species, Macropodinium yalanbense n. sp., is described in forestomach contents from the western grey kangaroo. At least three distinct features in the new genus are incompatible with any of the described families in the order Entodiniomorphida. On this basis, the new family Macropodiniidae has been created.     

A new member of the subgenus Sinobosmina Lieder, 1957: Bosmina tripurae sp. nov. (Crustacea,Cladocera) from India

A new species, Bosmina tripurae is described from South India. The species shares some of the morphological traits with Bosmina fatalis from East and SE Asia, and two other species described recently from North America. They all form a subgeneric group established earlier: subgenus Sinobosmina Lieder 1957. Parthenogenetic females of the new species are superficially similar to the species Bosmina longirostris, which occurs on Indian subcontinent, only in northern high mountain lakes. All reports of the latter species from Indian lowlands are either Bosmina tripurae or some other not yet described species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国菊属一新变种

报道了中国菊属(Chrysanthemum)一新变种——阔叶毛华菊(Chrysanthemum vestitum(Hem sl.)Stapf.var.latifolium J.Zhou et J.Y.Chen)。本变种与模式变种的区别在于直立生长,并且较多分枝,叶较狭,卵状披针形或匙形,长4~6 cm,宽2~3 cm。花序直径较原种为小,约3.5~4.5 cm。主要分布于湖北宜昌、河南伏牛山山脉。抗旱性较原变种强。而主要原产于安徽西部大别山麓之模式变种则铺散生长,较少分枝,叶圆形、卵圆形,长4~7cm,宽3~5 cm。花序直径较大,约4.5~5.0 cm。